Vision Transformer Approach in the Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease: An Innovative Review

Öz

Alzheimer’s disease, a neurodegenerative disease, is the most common type of Dementia. Currently, there is no definitive cure for this disease and treatment methods are applied to slow down the progression of this disease. Therefore, early diagnosis of the disease and prevention of confusion with other diseases is of critical importance. In this study, it is aimed to detect Alzheimer’s disease with Image Transform methods using three-dimensional MR images collected by the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). This dataset, which consists of Alzheimer’s patients (AD), Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and healthy individuals (Cognitive Normal (CN), is divided into 70% training, 10% validation and 20% test datasets. In addition to various deep learning methods in the literature, classification was performed using a new approach, Vision Transformer. The results of the study show that the Vision Transformer achieved 79.8% success in AD/MCI binary classification, 80.3% success in MCI/CN binary classification and 89.3% success in AD/CN binary classification.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Alzheimer
• Vision Transformer
• Convolutional Networks
• ADNI dataset.

Alzheimer Hastalığının Teşhisinde Görüntü Dönüştürücü (Vision Transformer) Yaklaşımı: Yenilikçi Bir İnceleme

Öz

Nörodejeneratif bir hastalık olan Alzheimer hastalığı, Demans’ın en yaygın türüdür. Şu an için kesin bir tedavisi bulunmayan bu hastalığın ilerlemesini yavaşlatıcı tedavi yöntemleri uygulanmaktadır. Bu nedenle, hastalığın erken teşhisi ve diğer hastalıklarla karıştırılmaması kritik öneme sahiptir. Bu çalışmada, Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) tarafından toplanan üç boyutlu MR görüntüleri kullanılarak Görüntü Dönüştürücü yöntemleriyle Alzheimer hastalığının tespit edilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Alzheimer hastaları (AD), Hafif Bilişsel Bozukluk (Mild Cognitive Impairment - MCI) ve sağlıklı bireylerden(Cognitive Normal - CN) oluşan bu veri seti, %70'i eğitim, %10'u doğrulama ve %20'si test veri setleri olarak ayrılmıştır. Literatürdeki çeşitli derin öğrenme yöntemlerinin yanı sıra yeni bir yaklaşım olan Görüntü Dönüştürücü (Vision Transformer) kullanılarak sınıflandırma yapılmıştır. Çalışma sonuçları, test görüntülerinde Görüntü Dönüştürücü'nün AD/MCI ikili sınıflandırmasında %79,8 başarı, MCI/CN ikili sınıflandırmasında %80,3 başarı ve AD/CN ikili sınıflandırmada %89,3 başarı elde ettiğini göstermektedir

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Alzheimer Hastalığı
• Görüntü Dönüştürücü
• Evrişimsel Ağlar
• ADNI veri seti

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