Sıcak İklim Bölgesinde Konut Binalarının Isıtılması ve Soğutulması için Elektrik Enerjisi İhtiyacının Belirlenmesi

Öz

Konut sektörünün enerji gereksinimlerini azaltmak için enerji tüketimini yönetmek ve kontrol etmek gerekir. Bu nedenle, bu çalışma, sıcak bir iklim bölgesindeki konut binalarının ısıtma ve soğutma yüklerini dikkate alarak dış duvar yapısının ve yalıtım malzemelerinin elektrik enerjisi gereksinimleri üzerindeki etkisini araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Araştırma, Türkiye'nin en sıcak şehirlerinden biri olan Adana şehri için dinamik termal koşullar altında örtük sonlu farklar yöntemi kullanılarak ve bina yönlendirmesi göz önünde bulundurularak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Duvarın yapısında tuğla, beton, taş ve gaz beton kullanılmış ve yalıtım malzemeleri olarak da genleştirilmiş polistiren, ekstrüde polistiren, taş yünü ve cam yünü seçilmiştir. Soğutma yükünün ısıtma yükünden daha baskın olduğu Adana iklim koşullarında, güney, kuzey ve doğu/batı yönlendirmeleri için soğutma enerjisi ihtiyacının ısıtma enerjisi ihtiyacından sırasıyla %76, %35 ve %64 daha fazla olduğu görülmektedir. Sonuçlar; duvar yönü, duvar yapı malzemeleri ve yalıtım malzemelerinin ısıtma ve soğutma enerjisi gereksinimleri üzerinde önemli bir etkiye sahip olduğunu göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Konut banaları
• Isıtma ve soğutma yükleri
• Enerji gereksinimi
• Yapı ve yalıtım malzemeleri

Determination of Electric Energy Requirement for heating and cooling of residential buildings in a hot climate region

Öz

In order to reduce the energy requirements of the residential sector, it is necessary to manage and control energy consumption. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of external wall structure and insulation materials on electrical energy requirements by considering heating and cooling loads of residential buildings in a hot climate region. The study was conducted for Adana, one of the hottest cities in Türkiye, under dynamic thermal conditions using the implicit finite difference method and considering building orientations. Brick, concrete, stone and aerated concrete were used in the structure of the wall, and expanded polystyrene, extruded polystyrene, rock wool and glass wool were selected as insulation materials. In Adana's climate, where the cooling load is more dominant than the heating load, the cooling energy requirement for the south, north, and east/west orientations is 76%, 35%, and 64% higher than the heating energy requirement, respectively. The results indicate that wall orientation, wall construction materials, and insulation materials have a significant impact on heating and cooling energy requirements.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Residential buildings
• Heating and cooling loads
• Energy requirements
• Structure and insulation materials

Kaynakça

1. Tunçbilek E, Komerska A, Arıcı M. Optimisation of wall insulation thickness using energy management strategies: Intermittent versus continuous operation schedule. Sustainable Energy Technol. Assess. 2022; 49: 1-12.
2. Zenginis DG, Kontoleon KJ. Influence of orientation, glazing proportion and zone aspect ratio on the thermal performance of buildings during the winter period. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 2018; 25: 26736-26746.
3. Kontoleon KJ, Theodosiou TG, Tsikaloudaki KG. The influence of concrete density and conductivity on walls’ thermal inertia parameters under a variety of masonry and insulation placements. Appl. energy. 2013; 112: 325-337.
4. Kontoleon KJ, Bikas DK. The influence of the zone's indoor temperature settings on the cooling/heating loads for fixed and controlled ventilation. Build Environ 2006; 41(2): 75-86.
5. Yu J, Yang C, Tian, L, Liao D. A study on optimum insulation thicknesses of external walls in hot summer and cold winter zone of China. Appl Energy 2009; 86(11): 2520-2529.
6. Al-Sanea SA, Zedan MF. Effect of insulation location on thermal performance of building walls under steady periodic conditions. Int J Ambient Energy 2001; 22(2): 59–72.
7. Al-Sanea SA. Thermal performance of building roof elements. Build Environ 2002; 37:665–75.
8. Bojic M, Yik F, Leung W. Thermal insulation of cooled spaces in high rise residential buildings in Hong Kong. Energy Convers Manag 2002; 43(2): 165-183.

9. Mohsen MS, Akash BA. Some prospects of energy savings in buildings. Energy convers manag 2001; 42(11): 1307-1315.
10. Bodalal A, Mashite S, Aladouli O, Ihdash A. Calculation of annual heating and cooling energy requirements for residential building in different climate zones in Libya. Innov Energy Res 2017; 6(2): 2576-1463.
11. Derradji L, Imessad K, Amara M, Errebai FB. A study on residential energy requirement and the effect of the glazing on the optimum insulation thickness. Appl Therm Eng 2017; 112: 975-985.
12. De Rosa M, Bianco V, Scarpa F, Tagliafico LA. Heating and cooling building energy demand evaluation; a simplified model and a modified degree days approach. Appl energy 2014; 128: 217-229.
13. Isaac M, Van Vuuren DP. Modeling global residential sector energy demand for heating and air conditioning in the context of climate change. Energy policy 2009; 37(2): 507-521.
14. Nielsen TR. Simple tool to evaluate energy demand and indoor environment in the early stages of building design. Sol energy 2005; 78(1): 73-83.
15. Al-Sanea SA. Thermal performance of building roof elements. Build Environ 2002; 37: 665–675.
16. Al-Sanea SA, Zedan MF, Al-Ajlan SA, Abdul Hadi AS. Heat transfer characteristics and optimum insulation thickness for cavity walls, J Therm Env Bldg Sci 2003;26(3):285-307.
17. Ozel M, Sengur S. Thermal analysis and energy requirement of wall and window components for buildings with different orientations. J Therm Eng 2025; 11(2): 519-549.
18. Threlkeld JL 1998. Thermal environmental engineering. Englewood Cliffs,NJ: Prentice-Hall.
19. Duffie JA, Beckman WA. 1991. Solar engineering of thermal processes, John Wiley and Sons, inc., New York.
20. Ozel M, Pihtili K. Investigation of the most suitable location of insulation applying on building roof from maximum load levelling point of view. Build Environ 2007;42(6):2360-2368.
21. Devlet Meteoroloji İstasyonu, Hava Durumu Veri Kayıtları, Türkiye, 2007-2017.
22. Özel M. Determination of indoor design temperature, thermal characteristics and insulation thickness under hot climate conditions. J Therm Sci Technol 2022; 42(1): 49-64.
23. Ozel M. Thermal performance and optimum insulation thickness of building walls with different structure materials. Applied Thermal Engineering 2011; 31: 3854-3863.
24. Ozel M. Cost analysis for optimum thicknesses and environmental impacts of different insulation materials. Energy and Buildings 2012; 49: 552-559.
25. Yumrutaş R, Kaşka Ö, Yıldırım E. Estimation of total equivalent temperature difference values for multilayer walls and flat roofs by using periodic solution. Build Environ 2007; 42(5): 1878-1885.
26. Saafi K, Daouas N. Energy and cost efficiency of phase change materials integrated in building envelopes under Tunisia Mediterranean climate. Energy 2019; 187: 1-13.