AB Ülkelerinde Biyoteknoloji İnovasyon Performansı

Öz

Bu çalışma, seçilmiş Avrupa Birliği üyesi ülkelerin biyoteknoloji inovasyon performansını analiz etmektedir. Ülkelerin güçlü ve zayıf yönlerini ortaya koymak üzere objektif ve karşılaştırılabilir kriterler kullanılmıştır. Bu kriterlerle her bir üye ülkenin ulusal biyoteknoloji inovasyon kapasitesi değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmada MEREC ve MARCOS yöntemlerini kapsayan çok kriterli karar verme yaklaşımı uygulanmıştır. MEREC yöntemi değerlendirme kriterlerinin objektif ağırlıklarını belirlemek, MARCOS yöntemi ise ülkeleri biyoteknoloji inovasyon performanslarına göre sıralamak için kullanılmıştır. Bulgular, seçilen AB ülkeleri arasında biyoteknoloji inovasyon performansı açısından önemli farklılıklar olduğunu göstermektedir. Almanya ve İspanya en yüksek performansı sergilerken, Slovenya ve Letonya en düşük performansı göstermiştir. Değerlendirme kriterleri arasında toplam ulusal patentler içinde biyoteknoloji patentlerinin payı en yüksek ağırlığa sahiptir. Kamu ve yükseköğretim sektörlerindeki kurum içi biyoteknoloji Ar-Ge harcamalarının toplam Ar-Ge harcamaları içindeki payı ise en düşük ağırlığa sahiptir. Biyoteknoloji inovasyonu üzerine yapılan araştırmaların sınırlı olması nedeniyle bu çalışma, ölçülebilir ve nesnel göstergelere dayalı sistematik bir karşılaştırmalı analiz sunarak literatüre katkı sağlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Biyoteknoloji
• MEREC
• MARCOS
• inovasyon yönetimi
• teknolojik değişim

Biotechnology Innovation Performance in EU Countries

Öz

This study analyzes the biotechnology innovation performance of selected European Union member states. It uses objective and comparable criteria to identify national strengths and weaknesses. Based on these criteria, the biotechnology innovation capacity of each country is assessed. The study employs the MEREC and MARCOS methods. The MEREC method determines objective criterion weights. The MARCOS method ranks countries according to their biotechnology innovation performance. The results reveal significant differences among the selected EU countries. Germany and Spain show the highest performance levels. Slovenia and Latvia rank at the lowest level. Among the evaluation criteria, the share of biotechnology patents in total national patents has the greatest weight. In contrast, the share of intramural biotechnology R&D expenditures in the public and higher education sectors receives the lowest weight. Research on biotechnology innovation remains limited. This study addresses this gap. It contributes a systematic and comparative analysis based on measurable and objective indicators.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Biotechnology
• MEREC
• MARCOS
• innovation management
• technological change

Kaynakça

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