Sakkarozun Enzimatik Olarak Hidrolizinin Optimizasyonu

Öz

Nişasta kaynaklı glukoz şurupları endüstriyel uygulamalarda geniş bir paya sahip olmasına rağmen temelde sağlıkla ilgili tartışmalar tüketicilerde sakkarozun kullanımını öne çıkarmaktadır. Sakkaroz, asitleştirme veya enzimatik yöntemlerle invert şekerler adı verilen glukoz ve fruktoz monomerlerine hidroliz edilebilirler. Bu yöntemlerden enzimatik hidroliz işlemi geleneksel kimyasal proseslere göre daha düşük sıcaklıklarda gerçekleşmesi ve daha az toksik atık üretmesinden dolayı endüstride tercih edilen bir yöntemdir. Bununla birlikte, hidroliz işleminde kullanılan enzimler genellikle yeniden kullanımı zor ve stabilitesi düşük moleküller olup, üretim maliyetlerinin yüksek olması endüstriyel ölçekte uygulanmasını zorlaştırmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı sakkarozun invertaz enzimi yardımıyla hidrolizinde önemli olan bağımsız değişkenlerin sakkaroz dönüşüm oranı, hidrolizi verimi ve toplam indirgen şeker konsantrasyonu üzerine etkisinin Merkez Kompozit Dizayn (MKD) deneysel tasarım yöntemi kullanılarak detaylı olarak belirlenmesidir. MKD ile gerçekleştirilen deneylerde incelenen bağımsız değişkenler ve cevap değişkenleri arasında enzim aktivitesini de içeren model bir denklem oluşturulmuştur. Bağımsız değişkenlerin incelenen aralıkları içerisinde, matematiksel model ifadenin hem indirgen şeker konsantrasyonu hem de dönüşümün maksimum olduğu şartlar için yapılan optimizasyon işlemi sonucunda; sakkaroz konsantrasyonu 190,16 g/L, enzim aktivitesi 55,36 U/mL, sıcaklık 33,46 oC, reaksiyon süresi 131,10 dk ve karıştırma hızı 120,86 rpm olarak belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, sakkarozun enzimatik hidrolizi için verimli çalışma koşulları belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İnvertaz enzimi
• hidroliz verimi
• optimizasyon
• sakkaroz dönüşüm oranı

Optimization of Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Sucrose

Öz

Although starch-derived glucose syrups have a wide share in industrial applications, health-related discussions mainly highlight the use of sucrose by consumers. Sucrose can be hydrolyzed by acidification or enzymatic methods to form glucose and fructose monomers, called invert sugars. Among these methods, enzymatic hydrolysis process is a preferred method in the industry because it occurs at lower temperatures and produces less toxic waste compared to traditional chemical processes. However, the enzymes used in the hydrolysis process are generally molecules that are difficult to reuse and have low stability, and their high production costs make it difficult to apply them on an industrial scale. The aim of this study was to determine in detail the effect of the independent variables that are important in the hydrolysis of sucrose by the invertase enzyme on sucrose conversion rate, hydrolysis efficiency, and total reducing sugar concentration using the Central Composite Design (CCD) experimental design method. A model equation including enzyme activity was established between the independent variables and response variables examined in the experiments performed with MKD. Within the examined ranges of the independent variables, as a result of the optimization process for the conditions where both the reducing sugar concentration and the conversion of the mathematical model expression are maximum; sucrose concentration was determined as 190.16 g/L, enzyme activity as 55.36 U/mL, temperature as 33.46 oC, reaction time as 131.10 min, and mixing speed as 120.86 rpm. As a result, efficient processing conditions for the enzymatic hydrolysis of sucrose were determined.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Invertase enzyme
• hydrolysis yield
• optimization
• sucrose conversion rate

Kaynakça

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