BREXIT AND THE POSSIBILITY OF “DOMINO EFFECT”

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 123 - 140, 21.12.2021

Neriman Hocaoğlu Bahadır

Öz

The European Union (EU) was established by six member states in 1957. It had a policy of ever-forward enlargement and became a union with 28 member states in 2013. The United Kingdom (UK) was one of the first states to apply for membership and is also first to leave the EU. Brexit Referendum, which was held in 2016, was a milestone in the EU. Although it was the first time a member state left the EU the UK’s Euroscepticism was nothing new. However, the UK is not the only Eurosceptic member of the EU. For that reason, after the Referendum other “-exits” began to be discussed by the member states with doubts about the EU policies. Frexit, Nexit and Grexit were the examples of other “-exit” discussions. Domino effect possibility was on the papers just after the Referendum but after five years it just seems to be a rhetoric. This research scrutinises Brexit and its possible effects on EU integration through the concepts of Euroscepticism and domino effect. It also argues that Brexit is closely related with the UK’s own circumstances, background, interests, capabilities, and expectations. Therefore, it claims that it is difficult to talk about domino effect.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Euroscepticism, Brexit, Domino Effect, EU Integration

Brexit ve "Domino Etkisi" Olasılığı

Öz

Avrupa Birliği (AB) altı üye ülke tarafından 1957’de kurulmuştur. Sürekli ileriye giden bir genişleme politikası izlemiş ve 2013 yılında 28 üyeli bir birlik haline gelmiştir. Birleşik Krallık üyelik için ilk başvuran ülkelerden bir tanesi ve ayrılmak için de ilk başvuran üye ülkedir. 2016’da düzenlenen Brexit Referandumu, AB için bir dönüm noktası olmuştur. Bir üye ülkenin AB’den ayrılması ilk kez oluyor olsa da Birleşik Krallık’ın Avrupa şüpheciliği yeni bir şey değildi. Bununla birlikte, Birleşik Krallık, AB'nin tek Avrupa şüpheci üyesi değildir. Bu nedenle Referandum sonrası diğer “çıkışlar” AB politikalarından şüphe duyan üye ülkeler tarafından tartışılmaya başlanmıştır. Frexit, Nexit ve Grexit diğer “çıkış” tartışmalarının örnekleriydi. Domino etkisi olasılığı referandumdan hemen sonra gazetelerdeydi ama beş yılın sonunda bu sadece bir retorik olarak görünmektedir. Bu araştırma, Brexit'i ve bunun AB entegrasyonu üzerindeki olası etkilerini Avrupa şüpheciliği ve domino etkisi kavramları üzerinden incelemektedir. Ayrıca Brexit'in İngiltere'nin kendi koşulları, geçmişi, çıkarları, yetenekleri ve beklentileri ile yakından ilişkili olduğunu savunmaktadır. Bu nedenle de domino etkisinden bahsetmenin zor olduğunu iddia etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Avrupa Şüpheciliği, Domino Etkisi, AB Entegrasyonu, Brexit

Kaynakça

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