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THE USA PRESIDENTIALISM AS THE REPRESENTATION OF THE AMERICAN POLITICAL CULTURE EVOLUTION

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 23 - 44, 21.12.2021

Öz

The United States of America is a unique state with an unprecedented history and leadership policy, being a worldwide sight to behold. The USA aptitude for influencing vast problem solving, overcoming global conflicts, forming coalitions and setting the world’s agenda is trailblazing. However, many rigors the country has faced, it has always been able to hold a senior exterior position and to keep its political interior balance.
The research aims to determine the essence of American political culture and trace the key aspects throughout U.S. history by analyzing the inaugural addresses of ten American presidents: G. Washington, J. Monroe, J. K. Polk, A. Lincoln, W. Wilson, F. D. Roosevelt, J. F. Kennedy, R. Reagan, B. Obama and D. Trump. Their presidential terms reflect different periods of the American historical process, where the important events happened in the United States. In this article, the changes of priorities and characteristics of American Presidentialism were analyzed, which are strongly connected with the changes in the political and cultural traditions of American society. Presidentialism is presented as a complex phenomenon in our study, that means not only the personalities and leaders of the country but also other systemic components, such as norms and principles, communicative, political and cultural factors, etc. The phenomenon of the representation of American political culture evolution was studied based on this holistic approach to Presidentialism – one of the fundamental U.S. institutions. Our research is supposed to observe on the changing priorities and features of the U.S. Presidentialism, taking into consideration the political culture evolutionism of the American society within its historical span. This enables to detect the USA alterations throughout the centuries identifying its political intentions and placing novelty values in political culture in case of the latter appearance since the epoch of the Founding Fathers. The article demonstrates that the inaugural addresses of American presidents reflect the evolution of American political culture, which has an impact on the further development of the institution of the presidency in the U.S.
The research was conducted, using systems analysis. Structural-functional, institutional and communicative methods were used in the research. The empirical part of the research is based on content analysis of the presidential inaugural addresses, which proved the stability of the American participant civic culture traditions.

Kaynakça

  • AVERYANOV, L. (2009), Content Analysis: Study Guide. M.: KnoRus, 450 p.
  • BORYSHPOLETS, K. (2005), Methods of Political Research: Study Guide for University Students. М.: Aspect Press. 221 p.
  • CARON, C. (2018), In ‘Rainbow Wave,’ L.G.B.T. Candidates Are Elected In Record Numbers. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/07/us/politics/lgbt-election-winners-midterms.html
  • GREENSTEIN, F. (1995), Personalities and Institution of the Modern American Presidency.: Russian translation. // Socio-Political Magazine. № 2. P. 199.
  • HAMILTON, A., JAY, J., MADISON, J. (1788), The Federalist Papers. Retrieved from http://www.gutenberg.org/files/1404/1404-h/1404-h.htm
  • HAMILTON, N. A. (2001) Presidents: A Biographical Dictionary. Second edition. Facts On File, Inc. P. 9-13.
  • KHOMA, N. (2018), American Presidentialism: The Institution of the State Leader in the United States from Its Foundation to the Present. Biography Encyclopedia. / Lviv: New World-2000, 369 p.
  • MASCI, D. (2017), Almost all U.S. Presidents, Including Trump, Have Been Christians. Pew Research Center. Retrieved from http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/01/20/almost-all-presidents-have-been-christians/
  • PARECHINA, S. (2003), Institution of Presidency: History and Modern Times, Minsk. Retrieved from http://www.lib.ru/POLITOLOG/parechina.txt_with-big-pictures.html
  • Pew Research Center. Political Engagement, Knowledge and the Midterms. Retrieved from http://www.people-press.org/2018/04/26/10-political-engagement-knowledge-and-the-midterms/
  • Pew Research Center. Public Trust in Government: 1958-2021. Retrieved from https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2021/05/17/public-trust-in-government-1958-2021/
  • REMINI, R.V. (2008), A Short History of the United States. Harper Collins e-books, P. 58 – 158. SEMYONOVA, А., KORSUNSKAYA, М. (2010), Content Analysis of Mass Media: Problems and Experience of Application. М.: Institute of Sociology RAN. 324 p.
  • The Harvard Gazette (2021), Democrats and Republicans Do Live in Different Worlds. By Christina Pazzanese. Retrieved from https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2021/03/democrats-and-republicans-live-in-partisan-bubbles-study-finds/
  • The White House, The Inaugural Address of Donald Trump. Retrieved from https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/the-inaugural-address/
  • WEBER, M. (1930), The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. Routledge Classics, New York, London. P. 57-60.
  • Yale Law School. Lillian Goldman Law Library: The Inaugural Addresses of the Presidents. Retrieved from https://avalon.law.yale.edu/subject_menus/inaug.asp

Amerikan Siyasi Kültür Evriminin Temsili Olarak ABD Başkanlığı

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 23 - 44, 21.12.2021

Öz

Amerika Birleşik Devletleri, benzeri görülmemiş bir tarihe ve liderlik politikasına sahip, dünya çapında görülmesi gereken bir ülkedir. ABD'nin geniş problem çözme, küresel çatışmaların üstesinden gelme, koalisyonlar kurma ve dünyanın gündemini belirleme konusundaki etkisi çığır açıcıdır. Bununla birlikte, ülke karşılaştığı birçok zorluğa rağmen, her zaman üst düzey bir dış pozisyon elde etmeyi ve siyasi iç dengesini korumayı başardı.
Araştırma, on Amerikan başkanının (G. Washington, J. Monroe, JK Polk, A. Lincoln, W. Wilson, FD Roosevelt, JF Kennedy, R. Reagan, B. Obama ve D. Trump) göreve başlama konuşmalarını analiz ederek Amerikan siyasi kültürünün özünü belirlemeyi ve ABD tarihi boyunca kilit noktaların izini sürmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Başkanlık terimleri, önemli olayların Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nde gerçekleştiği Amerikan tarihsel sürecinin farklı dönemlerini yansıtmaktadır. Bu makalede, Amerikan toplumunun siyasi ve kültürel geleneklerindeki değişikliklerle güçlü bir şekilde bağlantılı olan Amerikan Başkanlık sisteminin öncelikleri ve özelliklerindeki değişiklikler analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmamızda başkanlık, sadece ülkenin şahsiyetlerini ve liderlerini değil, aynı zamanda normlar ve ilkeler, iletişimsel, politik ve kültürel faktörler vb. diğer sistemik bileşenleri de ifade eden karmaşık bir fenomen olarak sunulmaktadır. Siyasi kültürün evrimi, ABD'nin temel kurumlarından biri olan Başkanlık sistemi bu bütünsel yaklaşım temelinde incelendi. Araştırmamız, Amerikan toplumunun siyasi kültür evrimciliğini tarihsel süreci içinde göz önünde bulundurarak, ABD Başkanlık sisteminin değişen önceliklerini ve özelliklerini gözlemlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu, ABD'nin yüzyıllar boyunca siyasi niyetlerini belirleyen ve Kurucu Atalar döneminden bu yana ortaya çıkması durumunda siyasi kültüre yenilik değerleri yerleştiren değişimlerini tespit etmeyi sağlar. Makale, Amerikan başkanlarının açılış konuşmalarının, ABD'deki başkanlık kurumunun daha da geliştirilmesi üzerinde etkisi olan Amerikan siyasi kültürünün evrimini yansıttığını göstermektedir.
Araştırma sistem analizi kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Araştırmada yapısal-işlevsel, kurumsal ve iletişimsel yöntemler kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın ampirik kısmı, Amerikan katılımcı sivil kültür geleneklerinin istikrarını kanıtlayan başkanlık açılış konuşmalarının içerik analizine dayanmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • AVERYANOV, L. (2009), Content Analysis: Study Guide. M.: KnoRus, 450 p.
  • BORYSHPOLETS, K. (2005), Methods of Political Research: Study Guide for University Students. М.: Aspect Press. 221 p.
  • CARON, C. (2018), In ‘Rainbow Wave,’ L.G.B.T. Candidates Are Elected In Record Numbers. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/07/us/politics/lgbt-election-winners-midterms.html
  • GREENSTEIN, F. (1995), Personalities and Institution of the Modern American Presidency.: Russian translation. // Socio-Political Magazine. № 2. P. 199.
  • HAMILTON, A., JAY, J., MADISON, J. (1788), The Federalist Papers. Retrieved from http://www.gutenberg.org/files/1404/1404-h/1404-h.htm
  • HAMILTON, N. A. (2001) Presidents: A Biographical Dictionary. Second edition. Facts On File, Inc. P. 9-13.
  • KHOMA, N. (2018), American Presidentialism: The Institution of the State Leader in the United States from Its Foundation to the Present. Biography Encyclopedia. / Lviv: New World-2000, 369 p.
  • MASCI, D. (2017), Almost all U.S. Presidents, Including Trump, Have Been Christians. Pew Research Center. Retrieved from http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/01/20/almost-all-presidents-have-been-christians/
  • PARECHINA, S. (2003), Institution of Presidency: History and Modern Times, Minsk. Retrieved from http://www.lib.ru/POLITOLOG/parechina.txt_with-big-pictures.html
  • Pew Research Center. Political Engagement, Knowledge and the Midterms. Retrieved from http://www.people-press.org/2018/04/26/10-political-engagement-knowledge-and-the-midterms/
  • Pew Research Center. Public Trust in Government: 1958-2021. Retrieved from https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2021/05/17/public-trust-in-government-1958-2021/
  • REMINI, R.V. (2008), A Short History of the United States. Harper Collins e-books, P. 58 – 158. SEMYONOVA, А., KORSUNSKAYA, М. (2010), Content Analysis of Mass Media: Problems and Experience of Application. М.: Institute of Sociology RAN. 324 p.
  • The Harvard Gazette (2021), Democrats and Republicans Do Live in Different Worlds. By Christina Pazzanese. Retrieved from https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2021/03/democrats-and-republicans-live-in-partisan-bubbles-study-finds/
  • The White House, The Inaugural Address of Donald Trump. Retrieved from https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/the-inaugural-address/
  • WEBER, M. (1930), The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. Routledge Classics, New York, London. P. 57-60.
  • Yale Law School. Lillian Goldman Law Library: The Inaugural Addresses of the Presidents. Retrieved from https://avalon.law.yale.edu/subject_menus/inaug.asp
Toplam 16 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Mariia Parkhomenko 0000-0001-6624-0793

Nataliia Lepska 0000-0001-6010-423X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 21 Aralık 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 12 Kasım 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Parkhomenko, M., & Lepska, N. (2021). THE USA PRESIDENTIALISM AS THE REPRESENTATION OF THE AMERICAN POLITICAL CULTURE EVOLUTION. Firat University International Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences, 5(2), 23-44.