GÖÇ YÖNETİMİNDE HASSAS GRUP OLARAK ÇOCUKLAR: YAPAY ZEKÂ TABANLI KARAR DESTEK SİSTEMLERİNİN ÇOCUK HAKLARI AÇISINDAN KÜRESEL BİR DEĞERLENDİRMESİ

Öz

Arka plan: Yapay zekâ destekli teknolojilerin göç yönetiminde yaygınlaşması, sınır kontrolü ve idari karar süreçlerini giderek daha fazla veri temelli sistemlere dayandırmaktadır. Bu dönüşüm, özellikle göçmen çocuklar açısından yeni hak tartışmalarını gündeme getirmektedir. Amaç: Bu çalışma, göç yönetiminde kullanılan yapay zekâ teknolojilerinin çocuk hakları üzerindeki olası etkilerini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Yöntem: Araştırma, nitel politika ve doküman analizi yaklaşımına dayanmaktadır. Analiz Bronfenbrenner’in ekolojik sistemler kuramı ve Birleşmiş Milletler Çocuk Hakları Sözleşmesi ilkeleri çerçevesinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bulgular: Bulgular, biyometrik veri tabanları, akıllı sınır gözetim sistemleri ve algoritmik risk değerlendirme araçlarının göçmen çocukların yaşamını etkileyen karar süreçlerini giderek daha fazla veri temelli biçimde şekillendirdiğini göstermektedir. Bu durum ayrımcılık, katılım ve gelişim hakları açısından çeşitli riskler ortaya koymaktadır. Sonuç: Dijitalleşmiş göç yönetimi sistemlerinin çocuk hakları perspektifiyle değerlendirilmesi ve bu teknolojilerin tasarımında çocuk hakları temelli yaklaşımların güçlendirilmesi gerekmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Göç yönetişimi
• yapay zekâ
• çocuk hakları
• algoritmik yönetişim
• dijital sınırlar.

CHILDREN AS VULNERABLE GROUPS IN MIGRATION MANAGEMENT: A GLOBAL ASSESSMENT OF AI-BASED DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF CHILDREN’S RIGHTS

Öz

Background: The increasing use of AI-powered technologies in migration management is increasingly basing border control and administrative decision-making processes on data-driven systems. This transformation is raising new discussions about rights, particularly for migrant children. Objective: This study aims to examine the potential impacts of artificial intelligence technologies used in migration management on children’s rights. Method: A qualitative policy and document analysis approach was used. The analysis was carried out within the framework of Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory and the principles of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. Results: The findings show that biometric databases, smart border surveillance systems, and algorithmic risk assessment tools are increasingly determining decision-making processes affecting the lives of migrant children in a data-driven manner. This situation presents various risks in terms of discrimination, participation, and development rights. Conclusion: It is necessary to evaluate digitized migration management systems from a children’s rights perspective and to strengthen children’s rights-based approaches in the design of these technologies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Migration governance
• artificial intelligence
• children’s rights
• algorithmic governance
• digital borders.

Kaynakça

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