Araştırma Makalesi
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A Story of Compliance with International Standards: The United Kingdom and Immigration Detention of Children

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 112 - 138, 01.06.2017

Öz

In 2010, the UK banned detention of minors for
immigration purposes. However, till this point
immigration detention has been a significant part of the UK’s
immigration law since 1971. Using this practice towards families and children
led a wide scale of criticism by international and national monitoring bodies
and civil society. While applying the acculturation approach to find out what
type of relationship played an important role in the compliance decision, it
was clear that national monitoring bodies and civil society managed to activate
a socialisation mechanism and pushed the government to act towards compliance
with international human rights standards.

Kaynakça

  • (http://focus-migration.hwwi.de/United-Kingdom.2708.0.html?&L=1, 01.02.2017).
  • (http://search-material.parliament.uk/, 15.01.2017).
  • (http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census-analysis/immigration-patterns-and-characteristics-of-non-uk-born-population-groups-in-england-and-wales/summary.html, 22.01.2017).
  • Abbott, D. (2007), House of Commons, 467 c41-3WH.
  • Abbott, D. (2010), House of Commons, 511 c222-3WH.
  • Bail for Immigration Detainees (2009), Briefing paper on children and immigration detention, London.
  • Bevan, V. (1986), The Development of British Immigration Law, Croom Helm, Kent.
  • Browne, J. (2007), House of Commons, 20 November, 467 c53-4WH.
  • Burnett, J., Carter, J., Evershed, J., Kohli, M. B., Powell, C. & Wilde, G. (2010), “State Sponsored Cruelty: Children in Immigration Detention”, Medical Justice, London.
  • Cohen, R. (1994), Frontiers of Identity, Longman Publishing, New York.
  • Cole, E. K. H. (2003), “A few families too many: The detention of asylum-seeking families in the UK”, Bail for Immigration Detainees, London.
  • Committee on the Rights of the Child (2002), Concluding Observations of the United Kingdom, CRC/C/15/Add.
  • Committee on the Rights of the Child (2008), Concluding Observations of the United Kingdom, CRC/C/GBR/CO/4.
  • Crawley, H. & Lester, T. (2005), “No Place for a Child: Children 
in immigration detention: Impacts, alternatives and safeguards”, Save the Children, London.
  • d’Orey, S. (1984), Immigration Prisoners: a Forgotten Minority, Runnymede Trust, London.
  • Flynn, D., Ford, R. & Somerville, W. (2010), “Immigration and the Election”, Renewal, Volume 18 Number ¾, p. 102-114.
  • George. A. L. & Bennett, A. (2005), Case Studies and Theory Development in the Social Sciences, MIT, Cambridge.
  • Gerring, J. (2004), “What Is a Case Study and What Is It Good for?”, American Political Science Review, Volume 98 Number 2, p. 341-354.
  • Gil-Robles, A. (2005), Report by the Commissioner for Human Rights on his visit to the UK, CommDH(2005)6.
  • Gilham, B. (2000), Case Study and Research Methods, Biddles, Norfolk. Goodman, R. & Jinks, D. (2013), Socializing States: Promoting Human Rights through International Law, Oxford University Press, New York.
  • Hammarberg, T. (2008), Report by the Commissioner for Human Rights on his visit to the UK, CommDH(2008)23.
  • Hansard Archives, HC Deb 16 March 2000 vol 346 cc262-4W.
  • Hansard Archives.
  • Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of Prisons for England and Wales (2002), An Inspection of Dungavel Immigration Removal Centre.
  • Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of Prisons for England and Wales (2004), Report on an unannounced inspection of Dungavel House Immigration Removal Centre.
  • Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of Prisons for England and Wales (2006), Report on an announced inspection of Dungavel House Immigration Removal Centre.
  • Home Office (1996), Asylum Statistics, Table 1.1.
  • Home Office (2006), Asylum Statistics.
  • Human Rights Committee (1995), CCPR/C/79/Add. 55.
  • Human Rights Watch (2010), Fast-Tracked Unfairness: Detention and Denial of Women Asylum Seekers in the UK.
  • Independent Asylum Commission (2008), Deserving Dignity, London.
  • Independent Asylum Commission (2008), Safe Return, London.
  • Independent Asylum Commission (2008), Saving Sanctuary, London.
  • Lord Avebury (2007), House of Lords, 12 July, 694 c166-8GC.
  • Lord Avebury (2007), House of Lords, 23 July, 694 c154-5GC.
  • Malmberg, M. (2004), “Control and Deterrence
Discourses of detention of asylum-seekers”, Sussex Migration Working Paper no. 20, Sussex Centre for Migration Research.
  • McClean, D. (2010), “Immigration and Asylum in the United Kingdom”, Ecclesiastical Law Society, Volume 12, Number 2, p. 152-161.
  • Meyers, E. (2004), International Immigration Policy: A Theoretical and Comparative Analysis, Palgrave Macmillan, New York.
  • Samuels, H. (1997), “Administrative detention in immigration cases: the Hardial Singh principles revisited”, Public Law, 1997, Winter, p. 623-629.
  • Schuster, L. (2003), The use and abuse of political asylum in Britain and Germany, Cass series: British politics and society, Frank Cass, London.
  • Shutter, S. (1992), “Immigration and Nationality Law Handbook”, Joint Council for the Welfare of Immigrants, London.
  • Silverman, S. J. (2012), ““Regrettable but Necessary?” A Historical and Theoretical Study of the Rise of the U.K. Immigration Detention Estate and
Its Opposition”, Politics & Policy, Volume 40 Number 6, p. 1131-1157.
  • Silverman, S. J. & Hajela, R. (2013), Briefing: Immigration Detention in the UK, The Migration Observatory, University of Oxford. Somerville, W. & Cooper, B. (2009), “Immigration to the United Kingdom”, Segal, U. A., Elliot, D. & Mayadas, N. S. (Ed.), Immigration Worldwide: Policies, Practices and Trends, Oxford Scholarship Online, Chapter 9.
  • The Children’s Commissioner (2009), The Arrest and Detention of Children Subject to Immigration Control: A Report Following the Children’s Commissioner for England’s visit to Yarl’s Wood Immigration, 11 Million, London.
  • The Joint Committee on Human Rights (2007), The Treatment of Asylum Seekers, 10th Report of Session 2006-07.
  • UK Border Agency (2000), Operational Enforcement Manual.
  • UK Border Agency (2008), Enforcement Instructions and Guidance, Chapter 55.9.4 Families.
  • UK Border Agency (2009), Immigration Directorates' Instructions, Chapter 31 Section 1 - Detention and Detention Policy in Port Cases, para. 10.A.2. Young Persons.
  • UK Border Agency (2010), Enforcement Instructions and Guidance, Chapter 55.9.4. Families with children under the age of 18.
  • UK Border Agency (2010), Review into Ending the Detention of Children for Immigration Purposes.
  • Welch, M. & Schuster, L. (2005), “Detention of asylum seekers in the US, UK, France, Germany, and Italy: A critical view of the globalizing culture of control”, Criminal Justice, Volume 5 Number 4, p. 331-355.
  • Woolas, P. (2010), House of Commons, 18 January, 504 c33W, 310109.
  • Yin, Robert K. (2014), Case Study Research: Design and Methods, Sage Publications, California, 5th. Edition.

Uluslararası Standartlara Uyum: Birleşik Krallık ve Çocukların İdari Gözetimi

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 112 - 138, 01.06.2017

Öz

2010
yılı itibariyle
İngiliz hükümeti çocukların göç hukuku düzenlemesi
altında idari gözetim altına alınmasına yasak getirdi. Ancak, bu uygulama, 1971
yılından beri İngiltere göç sisteminin ayrılmaz bir parçası olarak yer
almaktaydı. 1990’lardan itibaren uluslararası ve ulusal izleme kuruluşları ve
sivil toplum örgütleri tarafından idari gözetime yönelik getirilen eleştiriler
özellikle çocukların ve ailelerin de bu uygulama adı altında idari gözetim
altına alınmasına odaklanmaktadır. Akkültürasyon teorisini bu vaka çalışmasına
uygularken alınan sonuçlar göstermektedir ki ulusal izleme kuruluşları ve sivil
toplum örgütleri karar vericiler ile sosyalleşmeyi sağlamış ve hükümeti
çocukların idari gözetime alınması konusunda uluslararası insan hakları
standartları ile uyumlu hareket etmeye itmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • (http://focus-migration.hwwi.de/United-Kingdom.2708.0.html?&L=1, 01.02.2017).
  • (http://search-material.parliament.uk/, 15.01.2017).
  • (http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census-analysis/immigration-patterns-and-characteristics-of-non-uk-born-population-groups-in-england-and-wales/summary.html, 22.01.2017).
  • Abbott, D. (2007), House of Commons, 467 c41-3WH.
  • Abbott, D. (2010), House of Commons, 511 c222-3WH.
  • Bail for Immigration Detainees (2009), Briefing paper on children and immigration detention, London.
  • Bevan, V. (1986), The Development of British Immigration Law, Croom Helm, Kent.
  • Browne, J. (2007), House of Commons, 20 November, 467 c53-4WH.
  • Burnett, J., Carter, J., Evershed, J., Kohli, M. B., Powell, C. & Wilde, G. (2010), “State Sponsored Cruelty: Children in Immigration Detention”, Medical Justice, London.
  • Cohen, R. (1994), Frontiers of Identity, Longman Publishing, New York.
  • Cole, E. K. H. (2003), “A few families too many: The detention of asylum-seeking families in the UK”, Bail for Immigration Detainees, London.
  • Committee on the Rights of the Child (2002), Concluding Observations of the United Kingdom, CRC/C/15/Add.
  • Committee on the Rights of the Child (2008), Concluding Observations of the United Kingdom, CRC/C/GBR/CO/4.
  • Crawley, H. & Lester, T. (2005), “No Place for a Child: Children 
in immigration detention: Impacts, alternatives and safeguards”, Save the Children, London.
  • d’Orey, S. (1984), Immigration Prisoners: a Forgotten Minority, Runnymede Trust, London.
  • Flynn, D., Ford, R. & Somerville, W. (2010), “Immigration and the Election”, Renewal, Volume 18 Number ¾, p. 102-114.
  • George. A. L. & Bennett, A. (2005), Case Studies and Theory Development in the Social Sciences, MIT, Cambridge.
  • Gerring, J. (2004), “What Is a Case Study and What Is It Good for?”, American Political Science Review, Volume 98 Number 2, p. 341-354.
  • Gil-Robles, A. (2005), Report by the Commissioner for Human Rights on his visit to the UK, CommDH(2005)6.
  • Gilham, B. (2000), Case Study and Research Methods, Biddles, Norfolk. Goodman, R. & Jinks, D. (2013), Socializing States: Promoting Human Rights through International Law, Oxford University Press, New York.
  • Hammarberg, T. (2008), Report by the Commissioner for Human Rights on his visit to the UK, CommDH(2008)23.
  • Hansard Archives, HC Deb 16 March 2000 vol 346 cc262-4W.
  • Hansard Archives.
  • Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of Prisons for England and Wales (2002), An Inspection of Dungavel Immigration Removal Centre.
  • Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of Prisons for England and Wales (2004), Report on an unannounced inspection of Dungavel House Immigration Removal Centre.
  • Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of Prisons for England and Wales (2006), Report on an announced inspection of Dungavel House Immigration Removal Centre.
  • Home Office (1996), Asylum Statistics, Table 1.1.
  • Home Office (2006), Asylum Statistics.
  • Human Rights Committee (1995), CCPR/C/79/Add. 55.
  • Human Rights Watch (2010), Fast-Tracked Unfairness: Detention and Denial of Women Asylum Seekers in the UK.
  • Independent Asylum Commission (2008), Deserving Dignity, London.
  • Independent Asylum Commission (2008), Safe Return, London.
  • Independent Asylum Commission (2008), Saving Sanctuary, London.
  • Lord Avebury (2007), House of Lords, 12 July, 694 c166-8GC.
  • Lord Avebury (2007), House of Lords, 23 July, 694 c154-5GC.
  • Malmberg, M. (2004), “Control and Deterrence
Discourses of detention of asylum-seekers”, Sussex Migration Working Paper no. 20, Sussex Centre for Migration Research.
  • McClean, D. (2010), “Immigration and Asylum in the United Kingdom”, Ecclesiastical Law Society, Volume 12, Number 2, p. 152-161.
  • Meyers, E. (2004), International Immigration Policy: A Theoretical and Comparative Analysis, Palgrave Macmillan, New York.
  • Samuels, H. (1997), “Administrative detention in immigration cases: the Hardial Singh principles revisited”, Public Law, 1997, Winter, p. 623-629.
  • Schuster, L. (2003), The use and abuse of political asylum in Britain and Germany, Cass series: British politics and society, Frank Cass, London.
  • Shutter, S. (1992), “Immigration and Nationality Law Handbook”, Joint Council for the Welfare of Immigrants, London.
  • Silverman, S. J. (2012), ““Regrettable but Necessary?” A Historical and Theoretical Study of the Rise of the U.K. Immigration Detention Estate and
Its Opposition”, Politics & Policy, Volume 40 Number 6, p. 1131-1157.
  • Silverman, S. J. & Hajela, R. (2013), Briefing: Immigration Detention in the UK, The Migration Observatory, University of Oxford. Somerville, W. & Cooper, B. (2009), “Immigration to the United Kingdom”, Segal, U. A., Elliot, D. & Mayadas, N. S. (Ed.), Immigration Worldwide: Policies, Practices and Trends, Oxford Scholarship Online, Chapter 9.
  • The Children’s Commissioner (2009), The Arrest and Detention of Children Subject to Immigration Control: A Report Following the Children’s Commissioner for England’s visit to Yarl’s Wood Immigration, 11 Million, London.
  • The Joint Committee on Human Rights (2007), The Treatment of Asylum Seekers, 10th Report of Session 2006-07.
  • UK Border Agency (2000), Operational Enforcement Manual.
  • UK Border Agency (2008), Enforcement Instructions and Guidance, Chapter 55.9.4 Families.
  • UK Border Agency (2009), Immigration Directorates' Instructions, Chapter 31 Section 1 - Detention and Detention Policy in Port Cases, para. 10.A.2. Young Persons.
  • UK Border Agency (2010), Enforcement Instructions and Guidance, Chapter 55.9.4. Families with children under the age of 18.
  • UK Border Agency (2010), Review into Ending the Detention of Children for Immigration Purposes.
  • Welch, M. & Schuster, L. (2005), “Detention of asylum seekers in the US, UK, France, Germany, and Italy: A critical view of the globalizing culture of control”, Criminal Justice, Volume 5 Number 4, p. 331-355.
  • Woolas, P. (2010), House of Commons, 18 January, 504 c33W, 310109.
  • Yin, Robert K. (2014), Case Study Research: Design and Methods, Sage Publications, California, 5th. Edition.
Toplam 53 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Pınar Çanga Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Haziran 2017
Gönderilme Tarihi 15 Şubat 2017
Kabul Tarihi 15 Mayıs 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Çanga, P. (2017). A Story of Compliance with International Standards: The United Kingdom and Immigration Detention of Children. Göç Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(1), 112-138.