The European Union’s Cooperation with the Accession Countries (Western Balkans and Turkey) to Deal with the Refugee Crisis

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 208 - 237, 30.12.2021

Seven Erdoğan

Öz

The huge flow of migrants to Europe in 2015 created an unprecedented irregular migration pressure over many European countries and labeled frequently as the refugee crisis. The initial reaction of the EU member states to this development became to take individual measures, such as strengthening or re-launching border controls. The failure of these responses taken at the national level and the rising existential threat towards the Schengen regime motivated the EU member states and institutions to search for a common European solution by resorting to the migration cooperation developing since the mid-1980s. After the ineffectiveness of the common measures in producing the expected outcomes, the EU decided to develop further its on-going migration cooperation with the accession countries in the Western Balkans and Turkey. This study aims to examine the EU’s migration cooperation with the accession countries within the scope of the refugee crisis. After providing a short account of the intra-EU measures, the study analyses the migration cooperation with the Western Balkan countries and Turkey respectively.

Anahtar Kelimeler

European Union, Refugee Crisis, Western Balkans, Turkey, Migration

Avrupa Birliğinin Mülteci Kriziyle Başa Çıkmak İçin Katılım Ülkeleri (Batı Balkanlar ve Türkiye) ile İş Birliği

Öz

T2015 yılında tarihsel süreçte daha önce hiç görülmemiş yüksek sayılarda göçmenin Avrupa’ya erişmesi, birçok Avrupa ülkesi üzerinde büyük bir göç baskısı yaratmış ve sıklıkla mülteci krizi olarak anılmıştır. AB üyesi ülkelerin bu gelişmeye ilk tepkileri, sınır kontrollerini güçlendirmek ya da geri getirmek gibi bireysel tepkiler benimsemek olmuştur. Ulusal düzeyde alınan tedbirlerin etkinsizliği ve Schengen rejimine yönelik artan varlıksal tehdit, AB üyesi ülkeleri ve Birlik kurumlarını 1980’lerin ortalarından itibaren gelişen göç iş birliği mekanizmasına başvurarak ortak bir Avrupa çözümü geliştirmeye yöneltmiştir. Alınan ortak tedbirlerin beklenen sonucu ortaya çıkarmakta yetersiz kalması, AB’yi Batı Balkanlarda yer alan katılım ülkeleri ve Türkiye ile halihazırda devam eden göç iş birliğini ilerletmeye sevk etmiştir. Bu çalışmada AB’nin mülteci krizi bağlamında Batı Balkan ülkeleri ve Türkiye ile göç alanında kurduğu iş birlikleri incelenmektedir. AB çatısı altında alınan tedbirlerden kısaca bahsedildikten sonra, Batı Balkan ülkeleri ve Türkiye ile yapılan göç işbirlikleri sırasıyla ele alınmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Avrupa Birliği, Mülteci Krizi, Batı Balkanlar, Türkiye, Göç

Kaynakça

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