Troy As a Tourist Destinatıon in Antiquity

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 122 - 146, 28.02.2019

Reyhan Korpe

https://doi.org/10.32958/gastoria.508926

Öz

The site of Troy is one
of the most important tourist destinations of the world, visited by thousands
of people every year. The fame of the city rests on the Iliad, the epic poem
that deals with the Trojan War. Since the Iliad, the first literature of the
western culture, has been famous since ancient times, it is no wonder that
people all over the world want to see the remains of Troy where the famous
Trojan War took place. This is not a modern phenomenon, however, as Troy was a
tourist destination in antiquity as well. Troy was an important destination
especially during the Roman rule since the Romans believed that the Trojans
founded their city. The Roman connection brought huge benefits to the city as
the city became a tourist destination for Romans. Famous Romans including
Caesar and Hadrian visited the city and helped the city financially. With the
expansion of Christianity, the foundation myths of Rome became less popular and
this inevitably led to the decline of the ties between Troy and Rome, which in
turn must have weakened its status as a tourist destination.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Troy, Homer, Trojan War, Achilles

Antik Çağın Turizm Merkezi Olarak Troia

Öz

Günümüzde sadece
Türkiye’nin değil dünyanın da sayılı turizm merkezlerinden biri olan Troia ören
yeri her yıl binlerce yerli ve yabancı turist tarafından ziyaret edilmektedir.
Troia’nın Akdeniz dünyasında var olan binlerce antik kent içinde, görülmek için
bu kadar çok tercih edilmesinin nedeni, öncelikle Homeros’un destanlaştırdığı
Troia Savaşının geçtiği yerleri, kentin antik kalıntılarını yerinde
görebilmektir. Homeros destanlarının meşhur ettiği Troia bu şöhreti sayesinde
sadece günümüzde değil antik çağlarda da aynı derecede ilgi çekmiştir. Antik Yunan
döneminde var olan ziyaretler özellikle Roma İmparatorluğu ile birlikte tam
anlamıyla bir kültür turizmine dönüşmüştür. Romalı turistlerin kendi kurucu
atalarının kenti olarak gördükleri Troia’ya yaptıkları ziyaretler bu kentin
ekonomisinin önemli bir kaynağı olmuştur. Hıristiyanlık ile birlikte Roma’nın
kuruluş mitosuna olan ilginin azalmasıyla Troia’ya yapılan ziyaretler de
kesilmiştir. Troia, birçok doğal ve insani afetlerin yanı sıra, belki de en
önemli gelir kaynağının da tükenmesiyle çok geçmeden terk edilip harabeye
dönmüştür.  

Anahtar Kelimeler

Troia, Homeros, Troia Savaşları, Akhilleus

Kaynakça

• KAYNAKÇAAndriotis, K. (2009). “Early Travellers to Greece and their Modern Counterparts,” Tourist Experiences: Meanings, Motivations, Behaviours, April 1st - 4th 2009, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, 1-13.Angela, A. (2010). A Day in The Life of The Roman Empire, New York.Aslan, C. C. (2002). “Ilion Before Alexander: Protogeometric, Geometric, and Archaic Pottery from D9.” Studia Troica 12, 81 –129.Bittarello, M. B. (2006). “Neopagan pilgrimages in the age of the internet: A life changing religious experience or an example of commodification?,” Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change 4, no. 2: 116-135.Brena, F. (2004). “Trümmerromantik als Touristenziel? Kaiserliche Troia-Besuche in Antike und Neuzeit,” (ed.) H. Hofmann, Troia. Von Homer bis heute, Tübingen, 101-117.Boulter, C. (1976). Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Cites, Princeton.Bryce, T. (2009). The Routledge Handbook of the Peoples and Places of Ancient Western Asia, New York.Burgess, J. S. (2005). “Tumuli of Achilles,” The Homerizon: Conceptual Interrogations in Homeric Studies, June 27-July 1, 2005, Carvounis, K. (2014). “Landscape Markers and Time in Quintus’ Posthomerica,” (ed.) M. Skempis, Z. Ioannis, Geography, Topography, Landscape: Configurations of Space in Greek and Roman Epic, Berli/Boston, 181- 208.Casson, L. (1994). Travel in The Ancient World, London.Catling, R.W.V. (1998). “The Typology of the Protogeometric and Subprotogeometric Pottery from Troia and Its Aegean Context,” Studia Troica 8, s. 151 –87.Cohen, G.M. (1995). The Hellenistic Settlements in Europe, the Islands, and Asia Minor . Berkeley.Cook. J. M. (1973). The Troad, Oxford.Crowther, N. B. 2007. Sport in Ancient Times, London.Dolin, E. (1983). “Thucydides on the Trojan War: A Critique of the Text of 1.11.1”, Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, Vol. 87, 119-149.Dritsas, M. (2002). “Tourism in Greece: A way to what sort of development,” L. Tissot (ed.) Development of aTourist Industry in the 19th and 20th Centuries: International Perspectives. Editions, Alphil, 2003, 187-210.Elsner, J. ve Rutherford, I. (2005). Pilgrimage in Graeco-Roman & Early Christian Antiquity Seeing the Gods, Oxford.Erskine, A. (2001). Troy between Greece and Rome:Local Tradition and Imperial Power, OxfordFriedlander, L. (1919). Dartellungen aus der Sittingeschichte Roms I, Leipzig.Freely, J. (2014). A Travel Guide to Homer: On the Trail of Odysseus through Turkey and the Mediterranean, New York.Garland, R. (2009). Daily Life of The Ancient Greeks, London.Gergö, G. (2012). “Troy, Italy, And The Underworld (Lucan, 9, 964–999),” Graeco-Latina Brunensıa 17, 2012, 1, 51-61.Georges, P. (1994). Barbarian Asia and the Greek Experience: From the Archaic Period to the Age ofXenophon. Baltimore.Graf, F. (2016). “Festivals in Ancient Greece and Rome”, Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Religion, Oxford.Grote, G. (1854). History of Greece; I. Legendary Greece, II. Grecian History to the Reign of Peisistratus at Athens, London.Hardie, P. (2013). “Trojan Palimpsests The Archaeology of Roman History in Aeneid 2,” (ed.) Joseph Farrell and Damien P. Nelis Augustan Poetry and the Roman Republic, Oxford.Hayes, J. (1995). “Two Kraters ‘After the Antique’ from the Fimbrian Destruction in Troia,” Studia Troica, 5, 177 –183.Jimenez, A. (2015). “The Western Empire and the “People withaut Histort”: ACase Study from Southern Iberia,” (ed.) K. Galinsky, K. Lapatin Cultural Memories in the Roman Empire, Los Angeles.Hertel, D. (2003). Die Mauern von Troia . Munich.Kleisiaris, C.F. ve Sfakianakis, C., Papathanasiou, I.V. (2014). “ Health care practices in ancient Greece: The Hippocratic ideal,” Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine, J Med Ethics Hist Med, 2014, 7:6, 2-5.Körpe, R. (2010). "Küçük Beşige Agammia Fosilleri ve Troia Mitolojisindeki Yansımaları", Kubaba, 16, 7–22.Leaf, W. (1916). “The Lokrian Maidens,” The Annual of the British School at Athens, Vol. 21 (1914/1915 - 1915/1916), 148-154.Leaf, W. (1923). Strabo on The Troad, Cambridge.Lomine, L. (2005). “Tourism in Augustan Society (44 BC–AD 69,),” (ed.) J. K. Walton, Histories of Tourism: Representation, Identity and Conflict, Toronto, 69–87Low, K. (2016). “Germanıcus on Tour: History, Diplomacy and the Promotıon of a Dynasty,” The Classical Quarterly, 66,1 222–238.Mac Sweeney, N. (2018). Troy Myth,City,Icon,London.Minchin E. (2012). “Commemoration and Pilgrimage in the Ancient World: Troy and the Stratigraphy of Cultural Memory,” Greece & Rome / Volume 59 / Issue 01 / April 2012, 76 – 89Minchin E. (2016). “Heritage in the Landscape: The Heroic Tumuli’ in the Troad Region,” (ed.) J. McInerney, I. Sluiter, Valuing Landscape in Classical Antiquity, Leiden/Boston, 2016, 255–275.Münzer, F. (1909). “C. Flavius Fimbria (no. 88) .” RE 4,2: 2599 –601.Özgünel, C. (2013). “İlyada Destanı Işığında Apollon Smintheus tapınağı”, (ed.) C. Özgünel Apaollon Smintheus’un İzinde Smintheion, İstanbul.Nagy, G. (2010). Homer the Preclassic, London.Perrottet, T. (2002). Pagan Holiday: On the Trail of Ancient Roman Tourists, New York.Pretzler, M. (2007). Pausanıas Travel Writing in Ancient Greece, Bristol.Romero, F. G. (2013). "Sports tourism in Ancient Greece," Journal of Tourism History, 5: 2, s. 146-160.Rose, C. B. (2012). “Architecture and Ritual in Ilion, Athens, and Rome”, (ed.) B. D. Westcoat, R.G. Ousterhout, Architecture of Sacret: Space, Ritual, and Experience from Classical Grace to Byzantium, Cambridge University Press, 2012, 152–174.Rose, C. B. (2014). The Archaeology of Greek and Roman Troy, Cambridge University Press.Rose, C. B. (2015). “The Homeric Memory Culture of Roman Ilion,” (ed.) K. Galinsky, K. Lapatin, Cultural Memories in the Roman Empire, Los Angeles.Rose, C. B. ve Körpe, R. (2016). "The Tumuli of Troy and the Troad", in: Tumulus as Sema, Space, Politics, Culture and Religionin the First Millennium BC, Olivier Henry, Ute Kelp, Eds., De Gruyter, Berlin, 373-385.Rosen, K. (1982). Über heidnisches und christliches Geschichtsdenken in der Spatantike, Eichstatter Hochschulreden 34: 18. Munich.Sage, M. (2000). “Roman Visitors to Ilium in the Roman Imperial and Late Antique Period: The Symbolic Functions of a Landscape,”Studia Troica 10. 211 –31.Valavanēs, P. (2004). Games and Sanctuaries in Ancient Greece, Los Angeles. Vermeule, C. (1995). “Neon Ilion and Ilium Novum: Kings, Soldiers, Citizens, and Tourists at Classical Troy.” In The Ages of Homer: A Tribute to Emily Townsend Vermeule , edi. J.B Carter, S.P. Morris, 467–482. Austin.Williamson G. (2005). “Mucianus and a Touch of the Miraculous: Pilgrimage and Tourism in Roman Asia Minor,” (ed.) J. Elsner, I. Rutherford, Pilgrimage in Graeco-Roman & Early Christian Antiquity Seeing the Gods, Oxford. 219–252.Zuelow, E. (2016). A History of Modern Tourism, Pelgrave.