Basketbol Deneyiminin Ergenlerde Psikolojik Dayanıklılık Üzerine Etkisi: Kesitsel Bir Çalışma

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışma, basketbol deneyimine sahip ergenlerin psikolojik dayanıklılık düzeylerini, basketbol oynamayan akranlarıyla karşılaştırmayı ve psikolojik dayanıklılığın yordayıcı faktörlerini belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Yöntem: Bu kesitsel çalışmaya toplam 189 ergen (87 basketbol oyuncusu, 102 kontrol grubu) dahil edilmiştir. Psikolojik dayanıklılık, Çocuk ve Genç Dayanıklılık Ölçeği (ÇGDÖ-28) kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Gruplar arası karşılaştırmalarda bağımsız örneklem t-testi ve ki-kare testi kullanılmış; yordayıcı faktörlerin belirlenmesinde ise hiyerarşik doğrusal regresyon analizi uygulanmıştır. Bulgular: Basketbol oyuncuları, ÇGDÖ-28 ortalama puanları açısından (121±10,6) basketbol oynamayanlara (109±15,7) kıyasla istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde daha yüksek puanlar sergilemiştir (p<0,001, Cohen's d=0,866). Hiyerarşik regresyon analizinde, sosyodemografik değişkenleri içeren Model 1 varyansın %15,6'sını açıklarken, basketbol deneyimi yılının eklenmesiyle oluşturulan Model 2'nin varyansın %21,8'ini açıkladığı görülmüştür. Basketbol deneyimi yılı (B=3,88, %95 GA: 1,93–5,84, p<0,001), yaş (B=1,63, %95 GA: 0,32–2,94, p=0,015) ve annenin üniversite düzeyinde eğitime sahip olması (B=10,19, %95 GA: 3,44–16,95, p=0,003) psikolojik dayanıklılığın anlamlı yordayıcıları olarak belirlenmiştir. Sonuç: Bulgular, basketbol deneyiminin ergenlerde psikolojik dayanıklılıkla pozitif yönde ilişkili olduğuna işaret etmekle birlikte, çalışmanın kesitsel tasarımı nedensellik çıkarımına olanak tanımamaktadır. Takım sporlarına katılım, ergen ruh sağlığını destekleyici bir faktör olarak değerlendirilebilir; yönelimin ortaya konulabilmesi için boylamsal araştırmalara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Psikolojik dayanıklılık
• basketbol
• ergen
• CRYM-28
• takım sporları

The Effect of Basketball Experience on Psychological Resilience in Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study

Öz

Objective: This study aimed to compare the psychological resilience levels of adolescents with basketball experience to those of their non-playing peers and to identify the predictive factors of psychological resilience. Methods: A total of 189 adolescents (87 basketball players, 102 control group) were included in this cross-sectional study. Psychological resilience was assessed using the Child and Youth Resilience Measure (CYRM-28). Independent-samples t-test and chi-square test were used for between-group comparisons; hierarchical linear regression analysis was employed to identify predictive factors. Results: Basketball players demonstrated significantly higher CYRM-28 mean scores (121±10.6) compared to non-players (109±15.7) (p<0.001, Cohen's d=0.866). In the hierarchical regression analysis, Model 1 containing sociodemographic variables explained 15.6% of the variance, whereas Model 2 with the addition of years of basketball experience explained 21.8% of the variance. Years of basketball experience (B=3.88, 95% CI: 1.93–5.84, p<0.001), age (B=1.63, 95% CI: 0.32–2.94, p=0.015), and maternal university-level education (B=10.19, 95% CI: 3.44–16.95, p=0.003) were identified as significant predictors of psychological resilience. Conclusion: The findings indicate that basketball experience is positively associated with psychological resilience in adolescents; however, the cross-sectional design of the study precludes causal inference. Participation in team sports may be considered a supportive factor for adolescent mental health, and longitudinal research is warranted to establish directionality.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Psychological resilience
• basketball
• adolescent
• CYRM-28
• team sports

Kaynakça

1. Anderson-Butcher, D. (2019). Youth sport as a vehicle for social development. Kinesiology Review, 8(3), 180–187. https://doi.org/10.1123/kr.2019-0029
2. Arslan, G. (2015). Çocuk ve Genç Psikolojik Sağlamlık Ölçeği’nin (ÇGPSÖ) Psikometrik Özellikleri: Geçerlilik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. Ege Eğitim Dergisi, 16(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.12984/eed.23397
3. Artuch-Garde, R., González-Torres, M. D. C., Martínez-Vicente, J. M., Peralta-Sánchez, F. J., & Fuente-Arias, J. (2022). Validation of the Child and Youth Resilience Measure-28 (CYRM-28) among Spanish youth. Heliyon, 8(6), e09713. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09713
4. Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
5. Eather, N., Wade, L., Pankowiak, A., & Eime, R. (2023). The impact of sports participation on mental health and social outcomes in adults: A systematic review and the 'Mental Health through Sport' conceptual model. Systematic Reviews, 12(1), 102. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-023-02264-8
6. Eime, R. M., Young, J. A., Harvey, J. T., Charity, M. J., & Payne, W. R. (2013). A systematic review of the psychological and social benefits of participation in sport for adults: Informing development of a conceptual model of health through sport. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 10(1), 135. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-10-135
7. Fraser-Thomas, J. L., Côté, J., & Deakin, J. (2005). Youth sport programs: An avenue to foster positive youth development. Physical Education & Sport Pedagogy, 10(1), 19–40. https://doi.org/10.1080/1740898042000334890
8. Godor, B. P., van der Horst, F. C. P., & Van der Hallen, R. (2024). Unravelling the roots of emotional development: Examining the relationships between attachment, resilience and coping in young adolescents. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 44(4), 429–457. https://doi.org/10.1177/02724316231181876

9. Gupta, S., & McCarthy, P. J. (2022). The sporting resilience model: A systematic review of resilience in sport performers. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1003053. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1003053
10. Hoffmann, M. D., Barnes, J. D., Tremblay, M. S., & Guerrero, M. D. (2022). Associations between organized sport participation and mental health difficulties: Data from over 11,000 US children and adolescents. PLoS ONE, 17(6), e0268583. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0268583
11. Holt, N. L., & Neely, K. C. (2011). Positive youth development through sport: A review. Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología del Ejercicio y el Deporte, 6(2), 299–316.
12. Hu, H., Peng, B., Chen, W., Wang, H., & Yu, T. (2025). How psychological resilience shapes adolescents’ sports participation: The mediating effect of exercise motivation. Frontiers in Psychology, 16, 1546754. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1546754
13. Jonkman, H., van Rooijen, M., Wiersma, M., & van Goor, R. (2022). Validation study of the Child and Youth Resilience Measure (CYRM-28) among Dutch youth. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13, 637760. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.637760
14. Lerner, R. M., Lerner, J. V., Almerigi, J. B., Theokas, C., Phelps, E., Gestsdottir, S., ... & von Eye, A. (2005). Positive youth development, participation in community youth development programs, and community contributions of fifth-grade adolescents. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 25(1), 17–71. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431604272461
15. Li, X., Wang, J., Yu, H., Liu, Y., Xu, X., Lin, J., ... & Chen, X. (2024). How does physical activity improve adolescent resilience? Serial indirect effects via self-efficacy and basic psychological needs. PeerJ, 12, e17059. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.17059
16. Llistosella, M., Goni-Fuste, B., Martín-Delgado, L., Miranda-Mendizabal, A., Franch Martinez, B., Pérez-Ventana, C., & Castellvi, P. (2023). Effectiveness of resilience-based interventions in schools for adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1211113. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1211113
17. Machado-Oliveira, L., Oliveira da Silva, A., Quintella Farah, B., Souza Leão, I. C., Costa Souza, F. T., Larissa Santiago, F., ... & Besserra Diniz, P. R. (2023). Team sports as a protective factor against mental health problems and suicidal ideation in adolescents. Salud Mental, 46(4), 177–184. https://doi.org/10.17711/SM.0185-3325.2023.022
18. Martín-Rodríguez, A., Gostian-Ropotin, L. A., Beltrán-Velasco, A. I., Belando-Pedreño, N., Simón, J. A., López-Mora, C., ... & Clemente-Suárez, V. J. (2024). Sporting mind: The interplay of physical activity and psychological health. Sports, 12(1), 6. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports12010006
19. Masten, A. S. (2001). Ordinary magic: Resilience processes in development. American Psychologist, 56(3), 227–238. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.56.3.227
20. Masten, A. S. (2018). Resilience theory and research on children and families: Past, present, and promise. Journal of Family Theory & Review, 10(1), 12–31. https://doi.org/10.1111/jftr.12255
21. Newman, T. J., Anderson-Butcher, D., & Amorose, A. J. (2020). Examining the influence of sport program staff and parent/caregiver support on youth outcomes. Applied Developmental Science, 24(3), 263–278. https://doi.org/10.1080/10888691.2018.1467762
22. Sheng, X., Liang, K., Li, K., Chi, X., & Fan, H. (2024). Association between sports participation and resilience in school-attending students: A cross-sectional study. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, 1365310. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1365310
23. Southwick, S. M., Bonanno, G. A., Masten, A. S., Panter-Brick, C., & Yehuda, R. (2014). Resilience definitions, theory, and challenges: Interdisciplinary perspectives. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 5(1), 25338. https://doi.org/10.3402/ejpt.v5.25338
24. Ungar, M. (2008). Resilience across cultures. The British Journal of Social Work, 38(2), 218–235. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcl343
25. Ungar, M., & Liebenberg, L. (2011). Assessing resilience across cultures using mixed methods: Construction of the Child and Youth Resilience Measure. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 5(2), 126–149. https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689811400607
26. World Health Organization. (2021). Adolescent mental health. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/adolescent-mental-health
27. Zuckerman, S. L., Tang, A. R., Richard, K. E., Grisham, C. J., Kuhn, A. W., Bonfield, C. M., & Yengo-Kahn, A. M. (2021). The behavioral, psychological, and social impacts of team sports: A systematic review and meta-analysis. The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 49(3), 246–261. https://doi.org/10.1080/009138 47.2020.1850151