Muscular Plasticity In Terms Of Exercise Physiology

Öz

The reactions and adaptations of the skeletal muscles at macro and molecular levels to aging, work-out types and some diseases are major factors in plasticity. Together with its significance in exercise physiology, the mechanisms of the muscular plasticity in skeletal muscle diseases such as sarcopenia, trauma or experimental models of spinal cord injuries, alterations in the myosin heavy chains of the muscular fibers due to the strength and power work-outs are subject of more and more clinical and translational studies. Accordingly, the physiological, structural and biochemical properties of the muscle fibers type I, typeIIa ve type IIx are of utmost vitality affecting the skeletal muscle plasticity. The effects of the work-out types on muscles are in close relationship with the mitochondrial variations, Ca++ rates and genetic factors. Regarding the results according to these factors particularly, personalized work-out types and the contents have priorities in terms of exercise physiology. Most of the experiments deal with stroke models and phenotype investigations of the muscles such as soleus and tibialis anterior, in terms of muscle-nerve relation. This review aims to investigate the relations of the alterations due to the skeletal muscle plasticity with various factors and to evaluate its connections particularly with the work-out types.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Muscular Plasticity
• Skeletal muscle
• Exercise Physiology

Egzersiz Fizyolojisi Bağlamında Musküler Plastisite

Öz

İskelet kaslarının yaşa, egzersiz çeşidine ve bazı hastalıklara verdiği makro ve moleküler düzeydeki tepki ve adaptasyonlar plastisiteye etki eden en önemli faktörlerdir. Egzersiz fizyolojisi temelinde sahip olduğu anlamla birlikte, sarkopeni gibi iskelet kası bozuklukları; travmaya bağlı ya da deneysel modellemelerle oluşan medulla spinalis yaralanmaları; çeşitli dayanıklılık, güç ve kuvvet antrenmanlarıyla ilgili kas liflerinde bulunan miyozin ağır zincir ‘lerinde meydana gelen değişikliklerde musküler plastisite mekanizmaları giderek artan sayıda klinik ve translasyonel çalışmanın konusu olmaktadır. Buna binaen, Tip I, Tip IIa ve Tip IIx kas lifi tiplerinin fizyolojik, yapısal ve biyokimyasal özellikleri insanda iskelet kası plastisitesine etki eden en önemli faktörlerdir. Antrenman çeşitlerinin kaslara etkisi mitokondriyel değişiklikler, Ca++ oranları ve genetik faktörler ile yakından ilişkilidir. Özellikle bu faktörlere bağlı oluşan sonuçlara göre, kişiye özel düzenlenen antrenman çeşitleri ve içerikleri, günümüzde egzersiz fizyolojisinin önceliklerindendir. Bu konuda yapılan deneylerin büyük çoğunluğu inme modellemeleri ve m. soleus, m. tibialis anterior gibi kasların kas-sinir ilişkisine bağlı fenotip incelemeleriyle ilgili çalışmalardır. Bu derlemede, iskelet kaslarındaki plastisiteye bağlı değişikliklerin, çeşitli faktörlerle olan ilişkilerinin incelenmesi ve özellikle egzersiz çeşitleri ile bağlantılarının ortaya konması hedeflendi.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Musküler Plastisite
• ; İskelet Kası
• Egzersiz Fizyolojisi

Kaynakça

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