Sporcularda Kan Akımı Kısıtlamalı Antrenman ve Fizyolojik Mekanizması

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 3, 245 - 265, 20.09.2021

Dursun Alper Yılmaz Gökhan Dege

https://doi.org/10.31680/gaunjss.948063

Öz

İskelet kası kasılması ile kan akımının düzenlenebilmesi bizlere; kas yorgunluğu, kan basınç refleksleri ve metabolizmanın fizyolojik işleyişi hakkında birçok bilgi vermektedir. Kan akımı kısıtlaması (KAK) kullanımına artan ilgi, egzersizin kan akımının azaldığı dönemlerde antrenman uyarlamalarını nasıl etkileyebileceğini açıklığa kavuşturmaya odaklanmaktadır. Bu ilginin esas sebebi, sağlıklı popülasyonlarda değişimi tetiklemesi beklenmeyen oldukça düşük yoğunluklar ve dirençler kullanıldığında bile bireylerin kas boyutunda, kuvvetinde ve dayanıklılık kapasitelerinde artışları gösteren çalışmaların bulunmasıdır. KAK egzersizinin güç ve dayanıklılık çalışan sporcuların antrenmanlarına dâhil edilmesinin, iskelet kası ve kardiyovasküler adaptasyonları artıran fizyolojik faydalar sağladığı gösterilmiştir. Son bulgular, KAK egzersizinin yerel kas oksijen mevcudiyeti ve vasküler kayma stresi gibi akut fizyolojik stres faktörlerini değiştirdiğini ve bunun da geleneksel antrenmanla kolayca elde edilemeyen adaptasyonları sağlayabileceğini göstermektedir. Sporcular için KAK antrenmanının anlaşılmasındaki bir başka mevcut sınırlama ise, mekanizmaya ait bilgilerin çoğunun rekreasyonel olarak aktif veya antrenmansız bireylerden derlenmiş olmasıdır. Antrenman durumu egzersize tepkiyi etkilediğinden, sporcunun KAK egzersizine verdiği tepkinin karakterize edilmesi gereklidir. Bununla birlikte, KAK'ın fizyolojik adaptasyonları nasıl etkilediğini anlamamızı sağlayacak son gelişmeler, KAK egzersizinin iyi hedeflenmiş uyarlamalarını sağlayarak sporcuların fiziksel performanslarının optimizasyonunda kolaylıklar sağlayacaktır. Bu inceleme söz konusu kavramları araştırmakta ve sporcularda KAK antrenmanı uygulamanın etkilerini, kanıta dayalı şekilde özetleyerek bilgi boşluklarını doldurmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Antrenman, Egzersiz, Fizyoloji, Kan Akımı Kısıtlama, Sağlık

Kaynakça

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