Economic Aspects of Slavery in the Triangular Trade in the Early Modern Period

Öz

Uygarlık tarihi kadar eski olan kölelik Erken Modern Dönemde Coğrafi Keşiflerle birlikte yaygınlaşmış, buna paralel olarak köle ticaretinde büyük artış yaşanmıştır. Orta ve Kuzey Amerika’daki yeni fethedilen toprakları mümkün olan en karlı şekilde kullanmanın yollarını arayan zamanın Avrupalı Sömürgeci Devletleri, bu bölgelerin ekonomik potansiyelini ortaya çıkarmak için köle emeğine dayalı plantasyon ekonomisini hayata geçirdiler. Ekonomik faaliyetlerdeki artışın işgücüne olan ihtiyacı arttırması, sömürgeci ülkeleri üç köşeli ticarete yöneltti. Afrika’dan Yeni Dünya’daki plantasyonlara getirilen kölelerin emekleriyle üretilen şeker, pamuk ve çivit gibi ürünler Avrupa’ya gelirken, kolonilerde kıt olan neredeyse tüm ürünler de Avrupa’dan ithal edildi. Bunun neticesinde sömürgeci ülkelerin büyük karlar elde ettiği bir yapı ortaya çıktı. Bir yandan da uluslararası ticaret gelişmeye başladı. Bu makalenin amacı, köle emeğinin ve plantasyon ekonomisinin üç köşeli uluslararası ticaretin verimliliği üzerindeki etkisini analiz etmektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kölelik
• Üç Köşeli Ticaret
• Kolonileşme
• Yeni Dünya
• Orta ve Kuzey Amerika

Economic Aspects of Slavery in the Triangular Trade in the Early Modern Period

Öz

Slavery has existed since the beginning of human civilisation. However, there was a great upsurge in slavery during the early modern period and the Age of Discovery, when it gained enormous popularity and took new forms. The greatest European powers at the time conquered new territories in Central and North America, developing plans how to exploit them in the most profitable way possible. To unlock the economic potential of these territories, colonial countries started organising a plantation economy by using slave labour. Consequently, colonial countries generated large profits, while the international trade began to flourish. Since there was a labour shortage due to an increased volume of economic activities, colonial countries engaged in the triangular trade, which ensured cheap and large workforce – slaves. As a result, slaves from Africa were brought to plantations in the New World, the most sought-after products, such as sugar, cotton and indigo, came to Europe from colonies, while almost all products that were scarce in colonies were imported from Europe. Therefore, the objective of this paper was to analyse the impact and costs of slave labour and plantation economy on the efficiency of the triangular international trade.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Slavery
• triangular trade
• colonialism
• New World
• North and Central America

Kaynakça

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8. CLARENCE-SMITH, William – David Eltis, ‘’White servitude’’, D. Eltis (Ed.), The Cambridge World History of Slavery, AD 1420-AD 1804, V. 3, pp. 132-153, Cambridge University Press, New York 2011.

9. CLARK, John, Christopher Columbus and the African Holokaust: Slavery and the Rise of European Capitalism, A & B Books, New York 1992.
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