BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Türkiye ve Güney Kore’deki Demokratikleşme ve Sivil Asker İlişkilerinin Karşılaştırmalı Analizi

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 12, 205 - 222, 01.04.2013

Öz

In the process of achieving political, economic and social development, the essence of establishing sound civilian rule remains as one of the key factors in consolidating democracy alongside with reinforcing socio-economic factors. This process becomes ever more challenging as the developing countries are in desperate need to attain political and economic modernization simultaneously. In order to address this heated debate on the civil-military relations in developing countries the article undertakes to present a comparative insight on the role of the civil-military relations in socio-political and economic development by tracing the emerging motivations and balances for military’s involvement in politics. Although having markedly divergent historical backgrounds, Turkey and South Korea constitute leading examples for developing countries in the different regions of the world. Alongside with broadly common – developing country – notion, the development of civil-military relations in both countries provides substantial ground for comparison of the role of military in the modernization and democratization processes of these countries till early 2000s. With the aim of tracking the reasons and repercussions of military’s increasingly milder influence over politics the article begins with the introduction of theoretical framework for comparative analysis, and then proceeds with the application of comparative framework followed by the brief historical overviews of civil-military relations of respective countries. In the analysis part, the impacts of endogenous and extraneous factors to civil-military relations are comparatively examined. In order to track the motives and restrains for varying forms of military influence in the political processes of these developing countries the study employs Sundhaussen’s “Endogenous and Extraneous Factors”. Finally, the conclusion summarizes comparative findings, while outlining the implications of emerging civil-military relations in the development and democratization processes of these countries. 

Kaynakça

  • CROISSANT, Aurel, “Riding the Tiger: Civilian Control and the Military in De- mocratizing Korea”, Armed Forces & Society, Vol. 30, No: 3, Spring 2004, 357-381. NORDLINGER, Eric A.; Soldiers in Politics: Military Coups and Governments. Engle- wood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1977.
  • EVIN, Ahmet, “Demilitarization and Civilianization of the Regime” in Politics in the Third Turkish Republic, eds. Metin Heper and Ahmet Evin, Boulder: Westview Press, 1994.
  • FINER, Samuel E., The Man on Horseback: The Role of the Military in Politics. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1988.
  • HEPER, Metin; GUNEY, Aylin; “The Military and Democracy in the Third Turk- ish Republic”, Armed Forces & Society, Summer 1996, Vol. 22, Issue 4, in Academic Search Premier [database on-line], Accessed September 25, 2004.
  • HUNTINGTON, Samuel P., The Soldier and The State: The Theory and Politics of Civil-Mili- tary Relations. Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1957. JANOWITZ, Morris, The Military in the Political Development of New Nations: An Essay in Comparative Analysis. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press, 1964.
  • KENNEDY, Charles F. and David J. Louscher, “Civil-Military Interaction: Data in Search of a Theory”, in Charles F. Kennedy and David J. Louscher (eds.), Civil- Military Interaction in Asia and Africa. Laiden: Brill, 1991.
  • LERNER, D. and P.R. ROBINSON, “Swords and Ploughshares: the Turkish Army as a Modernizing Force”. World Politics, vol.13, no.1, 1960: 14-37.
  • NARLI, Nilüfer, “Civil-Military Relations in Turkey”, Turkish Studies, Vol.1, No.1, Spring 2002: 107-127.
  • RUSTOW, Dankwart A., “The Army and the Founding of the Turkish Republic”, World Politics, 11, 1959, s. 529-551.
  • SAKALLIOĞLU, Ümit Cizre, “The Anomaly of the Turkish Military’s Political Autonomy,” in Comparative Politics Vol.29 No.2, (1997): 138-167.
  • SARTORI, Giovanni, The Theory of Democracy Revisited: Part Two. The Classical Issues Chatham, NJ: Chatham House, 1987.
  • SUNDHAUSSEN, Ulf, “The Durability of Military Regimes in Southeast Asia” in Zakaria Haji Ahmad and Harald Crouch (eds.), Military-Civilian Relations in South- east Asia. Singapore: Oxford University Press, 1985.

Comparative Analysis of Democratization and Civil-Military Relations in Turkey and South Korea till early 2000s

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 12, 205 - 222, 01.04.2013

Öz

Siyasi, iktisadi ve toplumsal gelişme sürecinde, esaslı bir sivil yönetimin oluşturulması, demokrasinin kurumsallaştırılmasındaki anahtar faktörlerdendir. Bu süreç, gelişmekte olan ülkelerin siyasi ve iktisadi modernleşmeyi aynı anda gerçekleştirme gereksiniminden dolayı daha da karmaşık bir hal almaktadır. Gelişmekte olan ülkelerdeki sivil-asker ilişkilerine yönelik süregelen tartışmaları irdelemek için bu makale, sivil-asker ilişkilerine karşılaştırmalı bakış açısının özelliklerinden yararlanarak ordunun siyasete olan etkisini teşvik eden ve sınırlayan faktörleri analiz etmektedir. Her ne kadar birbirinden farklı tarihi geçmişlere sahip olsalar da Türkiye ve Güney Kore, dünyanın farklı bölgelerindeki gelişmekte olan demokrasilerin önde gelen örneklerindendir. Genel olarak ortak – gelişmekte olan ülke – kavramının yanısıra her iki ülkedeki sivil-asker ilişkileri de modernleşmenin ve demokratikleşmenin karşılaştırmalı analizi bilhassa1 2000’li yılların başlarına kadarki dönem için önemli bir zemin oluşturmaktadır. Ordunun siyasetteki gittikçe azalan etkisinin nedenlerini ve yansımalarını incelemek için makale, karşılaştırmalı analiz için kuramsal çerçevenin tanıtılmasıyla başlar, sonrasında bu kuramsal çerçevenin karşılaştırmalı uygulanmasıyla devam eder, ve bu analizleri her iki ülkenin sivil-asker ilişkierinin incelenmesi takip eder. Analiz kısmında ise içsel (kurumsal) ve dışsal (toplumsal ve uluslararası) faktörlerin etkileri karşılaştırmalı olarak irdelenir. Gelişmekte olan bu ülkelerin siyasetlerindeki asker rolünün motivasyonlarına ve sınırlamalarına olan etkili süreçlerin takip edilebilmesi için bu çalışmadaki analizlerin oluşturlmasında Sundhaussen’in “İçsel ve Dışsal Faktörleri” kullanılmaktadır. Sonuç kısmında ise karşılaştırmalı bulgular ile sivil-asker ilişkilerinin bu ülkelerin gelişmesine ve demokratikleşmesine olan etkileri analiz edilmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • CROISSANT, Aurel, “Riding the Tiger: Civilian Control and the Military in De- mocratizing Korea”, Armed Forces & Society, Vol. 30, No: 3, Spring 2004, 357-381. NORDLINGER, Eric A.; Soldiers in Politics: Military Coups and Governments. Engle- wood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1977.
  • EVIN, Ahmet, “Demilitarization and Civilianization of the Regime” in Politics in the Third Turkish Republic, eds. Metin Heper and Ahmet Evin, Boulder: Westview Press, 1994.
  • FINER, Samuel E., The Man on Horseback: The Role of the Military in Politics. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1988.
  • HEPER, Metin; GUNEY, Aylin; “The Military and Democracy in the Third Turk- ish Republic”, Armed Forces & Society, Summer 1996, Vol. 22, Issue 4, in Academic Search Premier [database on-line], Accessed September 25, 2004.
  • HUNTINGTON, Samuel P., The Soldier and The State: The Theory and Politics of Civil-Mili- tary Relations. Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1957. JANOWITZ, Morris, The Military in the Political Development of New Nations: An Essay in Comparative Analysis. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press, 1964.
  • KENNEDY, Charles F. and David J. Louscher, “Civil-Military Interaction: Data in Search of a Theory”, in Charles F. Kennedy and David J. Louscher (eds.), Civil- Military Interaction in Asia and Africa. Laiden: Brill, 1991.
  • LERNER, D. and P.R. ROBINSON, “Swords and Ploughshares: the Turkish Army as a Modernizing Force”. World Politics, vol.13, no.1, 1960: 14-37.
  • NARLI, Nilüfer, “Civil-Military Relations in Turkey”, Turkish Studies, Vol.1, No.1, Spring 2002: 107-127.
  • RUSTOW, Dankwart A., “The Army and the Founding of the Turkish Republic”, World Politics, 11, 1959, s. 529-551.
  • SAKALLIOĞLU, Ümit Cizre, “The Anomaly of the Turkish Military’s Political Autonomy,” in Comparative Politics Vol.29 No.2, (1997): 138-167.
  • SARTORI, Giovanni, The Theory of Democracy Revisited: Part Two. The Classical Issues Chatham, NJ: Chatham House, 1987.
  • SUNDHAUSSEN, Ulf, “The Durability of Military Regimes in Southeast Asia” in Zakaria Haji Ahmad and Harald Crouch (eds.), Military-Civilian Relations in South- east Asia. Singapore: Oxford University Press, 1985.
Toplam 12 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Giray Sadık Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Nisan 2013
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2013 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 12

Kaynak Göster

APA Sadık, G. . (2013). Comparative Analysis of Democratization and Civil-Military Relations in Turkey and South Korea till early 2000s. Gazi Akademik Bakış, 6(12), 205-222.
AMA Sadık G. Comparative Analysis of Democratization and Civil-Military Relations in Turkey and South Korea till early 2000s. Gazi Akademik Bakış. Nisan 2013;6(12):205-222.
Chicago Sadık, Giray. “Comparative Analysis of Democratization and Civil-Military Relations in Turkey and South Korea till Early 2000s”. Gazi Akademik Bakış 6, sy. 12 (Nisan 2013): 205-22.
EndNote Sadık G (01 Nisan 2013) Comparative Analysis of Democratization and Civil-Military Relations in Turkey and South Korea till early 2000s. Gazi Akademik Bakış 6 12 205–222.
IEEE G. . Sadık, “Comparative Analysis of Democratization and Civil-Military Relations in Turkey and South Korea till early 2000s”, Gazi Akademik Bakış, c. 6, sy. 12, ss. 205–222, 2013.
ISNAD Sadık, Giray. “Comparative Analysis of Democratization and Civil-Military Relations in Turkey and South Korea till Early 2000s”. Gazi Akademik Bakış 6/12 (Nisan 2013), 205-222.
JAMA Sadık G. Comparative Analysis of Democratization and Civil-Military Relations in Turkey and South Korea till early 2000s. Gazi Akademik Bakış. 2013;6:205–222.
MLA Sadık, Giray. “Comparative Analysis of Democratization and Civil-Military Relations in Turkey and South Korea till Early 2000s”. Gazi Akademik Bakış, c. 6, sy. 12, 2013, ss. 205-22.
Vancouver Sadık G. Comparative Analysis of Democratization and Civil-Military Relations in Turkey and South Korea till early 2000s. Gazi Akademik Bakış. 2013;6(12):205-22.

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