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The Energy Security Dimension Of Turkey’s Regional Policy In The Central Asia And The Caucasus

Yıl 2010, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 7, - , 01.08.2010

Öz

After the dissolution of the Soviet Union and after Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan, which have many common denominators with Turkey in terms of language, religion and culture, gained independence in the Central Asia and the Caucasus; regional policy of Turkey, which was indifferent to the region during the Cold War, changed seriously. In this study, foreign policy Turkey has pursued in theCentral Asia and Caucasus after the end of the Cold War was analyzed within context of energy supply security. Increasing importance of the energy supply security concept in international politics was examined, how the rich oil and natural gas reserves of the Central Asia and Caucasus turned the region into the focus of interest of the regional and global actors was analyzed, andthe “new great game”, which many claim started in the region, was investigated. Pipeline projects such as Baku-Tiflis-Ceyhan and Nabucco that were developed to transport the hydrocarbon reserves of the region to the international markets, regional policies the global and regional actors pursue within the context of energy supply security, and reflections of these policies to the foreign policy Turkey pursues in the region were examined. It is expected that competition among the U.S., the E.U., Turkey, Russia, China, Iran and other actors over the routes the oil and natural gas reserves of the region will be transported to the international markets will continue and Turkey will become one of the key countries of the east-west as well as the north-south energy corridor. 

Kaynakça

  • ACAR Demet Şefika, “Kafdağı’nın Ardında Saklı Kalan Komşuluk: Avrupa Birliği ve Güney Kafkasya”, Karadeniz Araştırmaları, Cilt: 6, Sayı: 22, Yaz 2009, s.21-42.
  • AMINEH Mehdi Parvizi - HenkHouweling,“Global Energy Security and Its GeopoliticalImpediments—The Case of the Caspian Region”,Perspectives on Global Development and Technology, 6, 2007, 365-388.
  • ARAS Bülent,“Turkey’s Policy in the Former Soviet South: Assets and Options”,Turkish Studies, Cilt 1, Sayı 1, 2000, ss. 36-58.
  • ARI Tayyar, Geçmişten Günümüze Ortadoğu: Siyaset, Savaş ve Diplomasi, MKM Yayıncılık, Bursa, 2008.
  • AYDIN Mustafa,“Kafkasya ve Orta Asya’yla İlişkiler”, Baskın Oran, der.,Türk Dış Politikası Cilt II, İletişim Yayınları, İstanbul, 2001, ss. 366-439.
  • BAHGAT Gawdat,“The Geopolitics of Natural Gas in Asia”,OPEC Review, September 2001, ss. 273-290.
  • BARAN Zeyno, “EU Energy Security: Time to End Russian Leverage”,The Washington Quarterly,Cilt 30, Sayı 4, 2007, ss. 131-144.
  • BLANK Stephen, “The Strategic Importance of Central Asia: An American View”,Parameters, Spring 2008, ss. 73-87.
  • CHEN Shaofeng, “Motivations Behind China’s Foreign Oil Quest: A Perspective from the Chinese Government and the Oil Companies”,Journal of Chinese Political Science, Cilt 13, Sayı 1, 2008, ss. 79-104.
  • FLENLEY Paul,“Russia and the EU: The Clash of New Neighbouhoods?”,Journal of Con- temporary European Studies, Cilt 16, Sayı 2, 2008, ss. 189-202.
  • GHAFOURI Mahmoud, “The Caspian Sea: Rivalry and Cooperation”,Middle East Policy, Cilt 15, Sayı 2, 2008, ss. 81-96.
  • GHAFOURI, Mahmoud, “China’s Policy in the Persian Gulf”,Middle East Policy, Cilt 16,Sayı 2, 2009, ss. 80-92.
  • GÖNLÜBOL Mehmet – Cem Sar,“1919-1938 Yılları Arasında Türk Dış Politikası”, Mehmet Gönlübol, der. ,Olaylarla Türk Dış Politikası (1919-1995), Siyasal Kitabevi, Ankara, 1996, ss. 1-9.
  • HAASS Richard N.,“The age of nonpolarity – What will follow US dominance?”ForeignAffairs, May/June 2008, ss. 44–56.
  • HADFIELD Amelia,“EU-Russia Energy Relations: Aggregation and Aggravation”,Journal of Contemporary European Studies, Cilt 16, Sayı 2, 2008, ss. 231-248.
  • HANKS Reuel R.,“Multi-vector Politics and Kazakhstan’s Emerging Role as a Geo-strategic Player in Central Asia”,Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, Cilt 11, Sayı 3, 2009, ss. 257-267.
  • HATİPOĞLU Esra, “Avrupa Birliği - Orta Asya İlişkilerinde Yeni Bir Stratejiye Doğru (Mu?)”,OAKA, Cilt 3, Sayı 5, 2008, ss. 1-25.
  • HOLZ Franziska vd., “Perspectives of the European Natural Gas Markets Until 2025”,The Energy Journal, Special Issue (World Natural Gas Markets and Trade: A Multi-Modeling Perspective), 2009, ss. 137-150.
  • HOOGEVEEN Femke – Wilbur Perlot,“The EU’s Policies of Security of Energy SupplyTowards the Middle East and Caspian Region: Major Power Politics?”Perspectives on Global Development and Technology, Cilt 6, Sayı 1-3, 2007, ss. 485-507.
  • ISMAILOV Eldar – Vladimer Papava, “A New Concept for the Caucasus”,Southeast European and Black Sea Studies, Cilt 8, Sayı 3, 2008, ss. 283-298.
  • İŞCAN İsmail Hakkı, “Uluslararası Enerji Güvenliği Açısından Hazar Bölgesi Enerji Ekonomisi ve Hazar Denizi’ni Paylaşım Sorunu”, Sosyoekonomi, Cilt 6, Sayı 12 (Enerji Özel Sayısı), 2010, ss. 64-91.
  • İŞERİ Emre, “The US Grand Strategy and the Eurasian Heartland in the Twenty-First Century”, Geopolitics, Cilt 14, Sayı 1, 2009, ss. 26-46.
  • JAFFE Amy Myers– Ronald Soligo,“Re-evaluating US Strategic Priorities in the Caspian Region: Balancing Energy Resource Initiatives with Terrorism Containment”,Cambridge Review of International Affairs, Cilt 17, Sayı 2, Temmuz 2004, ss. 255-268.
  • KALICKI Jan H. ,“Caspian Energy at the Crossroads”,Foreign Affairs, Cilt 80, Sayı 5, 2001, ss. 120-134.
  • LEAL-ARCAS Rafael,“EU Relations with China and Russia: How to Approach New Superpowers in Trade Matters”,Journal of International Commercial Law and Technology, Cilt 4, Sayı 1, 2009, ss. 22-42.
  • LEE Pak K. ,”China’s Quest for Oil Security: Oil (Wars) in the Pipeline?”,The Pacific Review, Cilt 18, Sayı 2, 2005, ss. 265-301.
  • MCDERMOTT Roger N. ,“United States and NATO Military Cooperation with Kazakhstan: The Need for a New Approach”,Journal of Slavic Military Studies, Sayı 21, 2008, ss. 615-641.
  • NASSIBLI Nasib, “Azerbaijan’s Geopolitics and Oil Pipeline Issue”,Perceptions, Cilt 4, Sayı 4, 2000, ss. 114–115.
  • NOURZHANOV Kirill, “Changing security threat perceptions in Central Asia”,Australian Journal of International Affairs, Cilt 63, Sayı 1, 2009, ss. 85-104.
  • NURIYEV Elkhan, “Azerbaijan and the European Union: New Landmarks of Strategic Partnership in the South Caucasus–Caspian Basin”,Southeast European and Black Sea Studies, Cilt 8, Sayı 2, 2008, ss. 155–168.
  • NYGREN Bertil, “Putin’s Use of Natural Gas to Renintegrate the CIS Region”,Problems of Post-Communism, Cilt 55, Sayı 4, 2008, ss. 3-15.
  • ONG Russell, “China’s Strategic Convergence with Russia”, Korean Journal of Defense Analysis, Cilt 21, Sayı 3, September 2009, ss. 315-328.
  • ÖZBAY Fatih, “Nabucco’nun Fendi Güney Akım’ı Yendi Mi?”, 24 Ekim 2009,http://www. bilgesam.org/tr/index.php?view=article&catid=131%3Aenerji&id=398%3Anabucconunfendi-guney-akimi-yendi-mi&format=pdf&option=com_content&Itemid=146.
  • PAILLARD Christophe-Alexandre, “Russia and Europe’s Mutual Energy Dependence”, Journal of International Affairs, Cilt 63, Sayı 2, 2010, ss. 65-84.
  • ROBERTS John M. “The Black Sea and European Energy Security”,Southeast European and Black Sea Studies, Cilt 6, Sayı 2, 2006, ss. 207–223.
  • RUSECKAS Laurent, “Turkey and Eurasia: Oppurtunities and Risks in the Caspian Pipeline Derby”, Journal of International Affairs, Cilt 54, Sayı1, 2000, ss. 217-236.
  • SCHMIDT-FELZMANN Anke, “All for One? EU Member States and the Union’s Common Policy Towards the Russian Federation”,Journal of Contemporary European Studies, Cilt 16,Sayı 2, 2008, ss. 169-187.
  • SEVASTYANOV Sergey, “The More Assertive and Pragmatic New Energy Policy in Putin’s Russia: Security Implications for Northeast Asia”,East Asia, Sayı 25, 2008, ss. 35–55.
  • SHAFFER Brenda, “The Geopolitics of the Caucasus”,Brown Journal of World Affairs, Cilt 15, Sayı 2, 2009, ss. 131-142.
  • SOVACOOL Benjamin K. ,“Reassessing Energy Security and the Trans-ASEAN Natural Gas Pipeline Network in Southeast Asia”,Pacific Affairs, Cilt 82, Sayı 3, 2009, ss. 467-486.
  • STOBDAN Punchoh, “India and Kazakhstan Should Share Complementary Objectives”, Strategic Analysis, Cilt 33, Sayı 1, 2009, ss. 1-7.
  • TEKİN Ali- Paul A. Williams, “Turkey and EU Energy Security: The Pipeline Connection”,East European Quarterly, Cilt 42, Sayı4, 2009, ss. 419-434.
  • TRENIN Dmitri, “Russia in the Caucasus: Reversing the Tide”,Brown Journal of World Affairs, Cilt 15, Sayı 2, 2009, ss. 143-155.
  • WALKER Martin, “Russia v. Europe: The Energy Wars”,World Policy Journal, Spring 2007, ss. 1-8.
  • WILLIAMS Christopher, “Russia’s Closer Ties with China: The Geo-Politics of Energy and the Implications for the European Union”, European Studies, Cilt 27, 2009, ss. 151-165.
  • YAZICI Nebahat – Ayhan Demirbaş, “Turkey’s Natural Gas Necessity and Consumption”,Energy Sources, Sayı 23, 2001, ss. 801-808.
  • XU Xiaojie, “The Oil and Gas Links between Central Asia and China: A Geopolitical Perspective”,OPEC Review, March 1999, ss. 33-54.
  • http://www.dtm.gov.tr, (retrieved 07/15/2009).
  • http://www.trt.net.tr/trtinternational/en/newsDetail.aspx?HaberKodu=16ba126f-8341426e-9d3a-27480f62eacc, (retrieved 07/19/2009).
  • http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3707314,00.html, (retrieved 05/30/2009).
  • HURRIYET DAİLY NEWS, “High-Level Turkish-Syrian Meeting Kicks off in Latakia”, http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/n.php?n=high-level-turkish-syrian-meeting-kicksoff-in-latakia-2010-10-03, (retrieved 10/10/2010).
  • HURRIYET, “Secret Solution to Hatay”, 01/10/2005. İDİZ Semih, “FM Davutoğlu Should Choose His Words Carefully”, Hurriyet Daily News, 09/10/2009.
  • KABALAN Mervan, Interview, Damascus University, 08/24/2008.
  • KHOURY Ernest, Interview, Beirut, 08/28/2009.
  • KILIÇ Serdar, Turkish Ambassador in Beirut, Interview, Beirut, 08/26/2008.
  • LAPIDOT-FIRILLA Anat, Interview, Jerusalem-Israel, 06/10/2009
  • LARRABEE Stephen, “Turkey Rediscovers the Middle East”, Foreign Affairs, July/August 2007.
  • LEBANON DAILY STAR,” Turkish Soaps Revive Arab Interest in the Capital of the Ottomans”, http://www.dailystar.com.lb/article.asp?edition_id=10&categ_id=4& article_ id=105477, (retrieved 08/22/2009).
  • MOUBAYID Sami, “Turkish-Syrian Relations: The Erdoğan Legacy”, SETA Policy Brief, No. 25, October 2008.
  • MOUSSAOUI Rana, ‘Subversive’ Turkish TV Series Takes Arab World by Storm”, http:// www.france24.com/en/20080825-subversive-turkish-tv-series-takes-arab-world-storm, (retrieved 09/14/2008).
  • MROUE Jamil K., Interview, Beirut, 08/27/2008. MUFTI Malik, “Turkish-Syrian Rapprochement: Causes and Consequences”, Policy Watch, No. 630, The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, June 21, 2002.
  • NTVMSNBC, “TPAO Suriye’de Petrol Arayacak”, http://www.ntvmsnbc.com/ id/25137670, (retrieved 10/07/2010).
  • SYRIAN MINISTRY OF TOURISM, http://www.syriatourism.org/index.php? newlang=eng, (retrieved 08/14/2009)
  • TBMM, http://www.tbmm.gov.tr/hukumetler/hukumetler.htm, (retrieved 07/15/2009).
  • TISDALL Simon, “Turkey’s Decisive Role”, The Guardian, January 19, 2009.
  • TRABOULSI, Fawwaz A History of Modern Lebanon, London: Pluto Press, 2007.
  • TURKISH MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS, http://www.mfa.gov.tr/synopsis-of-theturkish-foreign-policy.en.mfa, (retrieved 09/02/2009).

Türkiye’nin Orta Asya ve Kafkasya’daki Bölgesel Politikasında Enerji Güvenliği

Yıl 2010, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 7, - , 01.08.2010

Öz

Sovyetler Birliği’nin dağılmasından ve Orta Asya ve Kafkasya’da Türkiye ile dil, din ve kültür açısından birçok ortak paydası bulunan Azerbaycan, Türkmenistan, Kazakistan, Özbekistan ve Kırgızistan’ın bağımsızlıklarını kazanmalarından sonra, Soğuk Savaş boyunca bölgeye ilgisiz kalan Türkiye’nin bölgesel politikası ciddi şekilde değişmiştir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’nin Soğuk Savaş sonrasında Orta Asya ve Kafkasya’da izlediği dış politika enerji arz güvenliği bağlamında analiz edilmiştir. Enerji arz güvenliği kavramının uluslararası siyasette artan önemi ele alınmış, Orta Asya ve Kafkasya’daki zengin petrol ve doğalgaz rezervlerinin bölgeyi nasıl küresel ve bölgesel aktörlerin ilgi odağı haline getirdiği analiz edilmiş, bölgede başladığı iddia edilen “yeni büyük oyun” incelenmiştir. Bölge hidrokarbon rezervlerinin uluslararası pazarlara ulaştırılması için geliştirilen Bakü-Tiflis-Ceyhan ve Nabucco gibi boru hattı projeleri, küresel ve bölgesel aktörlerin enerji arz güvenliği bağlamında izlediği bölgesel politikalar, bu politikaların Türkiye’nin bölgede izlediği dış politikaya yansımaları ele alınmıştır. Bölge petrol ve doğalgazının uluslararası pazarlara taşınacağı güzergahlar hususunda ABD, AB, Türkiye, Rusya, Çin, İran ve diğer aktörler arasındaki rekabetin devam etmesi; Türkiye’nin hem doğu-batı, hem de kuzey-güney enerji koridorunun kilit ülkelerinden biri haline gelmesi beklenmektedir. 

Kaynakça

  • ACAR Demet Şefika, “Kafdağı’nın Ardında Saklı Kalan Komşuluk: Avrupa Birliği ve Güney Kafkasya”, Karadeniz Araştırmaları, Cilt: 6, Sayı: 22, Yaz 2009, s.21-42.
  • AMINEH Mehdi Parvizi - HenkHouweling,“Global Energy Security and Its GeopoliticalImpediments—The Case of the Caspian Region”,Perspectives on Global Development and Technology, 6, 2007, 365-388.
  • ARAS Bülent,“Turkey’s Policy in the Former Soviet South: Assets and Options”,Turkish Studies, Cilt 1, Sayı 1, 2000, ss. 36-58.
  • ARI Tayyar, Geçmişten Günümüze Ortadoğu: Siyaset, Savaş ve Diplomasi, MKM Yayıncılık, Bursa, 2008.
  • AYDIN Mustafa,“Kafkasya ve Orta Asya’yla İlişkiler”, Baskın Oran, der.,Türk Dış Politikası Cilt II, İletişim Yayınları, İstanbul, 2001, ss. 366-439.
  • BAHGAT Gawdat,“The Geopolitics of Natural Gas in Asia”,OPEC Review, September 2001, ss. 273-290.
  • BARAN Zeyno, “EU Energy Security: Time to End Russian Leverage”,The Washington Quarterly,Cilt 30, Sayı 4, 2007, ss. 131-144.
  • BLANK Stephen, “The Strategic Importance of Central Asia: An American View”,Parameters, Spring 2008, ss. 73-87.
  • CHEN Shaofeng, “Motivations Behind China’s Foreign Oil Quest: A Perspective from the Chinese Government and the Oil Companies”,Journal of Chinese Political Science, Cilt 13, Sayı 1, 2008, ss. 79-104.
  • FLENLEY Paul,“Russia and the EU: The Clash of New Neighbouhoods?”,Journal of Con- temporary European Studies, Cilt 16, Sayı 2, 2008, ss. 189-202.
  • GHAFOURI Mahmoud, “The Caspian Sea: Rivalry and Cooperation”,Middle East Policy, Cilt 15, Sayı 2, 2008, ss. 81-96.
  • GHAFOURI, Mahmoud, “China’s Policy in the Persian Gulf”,Middle East Policy, Cilt 16,Sayı 2, 2009, ss. 80-92.
  • GÖNLÜBOL Mehmet – Cem Sar,“1919-1938 Yılları Arasında Türk Dış Politikası”, Mehmet Gönlübol, der. ,Olaylarla Türk Dış Politikası (1919-1995), Siyasal Kitabevi, Ankara, 1996, ss. 1-9.
  • HAASS Richard N.,“The age of nonpolarity – What will follow US dominance?”ForeignAffairs, May/June 2008, ss. 44–56.
  • HADFIELD Amelia,“EU-Russia Energy Relations: Aggregation and Aggravation”,Journal of Contemporary European Studies, Cilt 16, Sayı 2, 2008, ss. 231-248.
  • HANKS Reuel R.,“Multi-vector Politics and Kazakhstan’s Emerging Role as a Geo-strategic Player in Central Asia”,Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, Cilt 11, Sayı 3, 2009, ss. 257-267.
  • HATİPOĞLU Esra, “Avrupa Birliği - Orta Asya İlişkilerinde Yeni Bir Stratejiye Doğru (Mu?)”,OAKA, Cilt 3, Sayı 5, 2008, ss. 1-25.
  • HOLZ Franziska vd., “Perspectives of the European Natural Gas Markets Until 2025”,The Energy Journal, Special Issue (World Natural Gas Markets and Trade: A Multi-Modeling Perspective), 2009, ss. 137-150.
  • HOOGEVEEN Femke – Wilbur Perlot,“The EU’s Policies of Security of Energy SupplyTowards the Middle East and Caspian Region: Major Power Politics?”Perspectives on Global Development and Technology, Cilt 6, Sayı 1-3, 2007, ss. 485-507.
  • ISMAILOV Eldar – Vladimer Papava, “A New Concept for the Caucasus”,Southeast European and Black Sea Studies, Cilt 8, Sayı 3, 2008, ss. 283-298.
  • İŞCAN İsmail Hakkı, “Uluslararası Enerji Güvenliği Açısından Hazar Bölgesi Enerji Ekonomisi ve Hazar Denizi’ni Paylaşım Sorunu”, Sosyoekonomi, Cilt 6, Sayı 12 (Enerji Özel Sayısı), 2010, ss. 64-91.
  • İŞERİ Emre, “The US Grand Strategy and the Eurasian Heartland in the Twenty-First Century”, Geopolitics, Cilt 14, Sayı 1, 2009, ss. 26-46.
  • JAFFE Amy Myers– Ronald Soligo,“Re-evaluating US Strategic Priorities in the Caspian Region: Balancing Energy Resource Initiatives with Terrorism Containment”,Cambridge Review of International Affairs, Cilt 17, Sayı 2, Temmuz 2004, ss. 255-268.
  • KALICKI Jan H. ,“Caspian Energy at the Crossroads”,Foreign Affairs, Cilt 80, Sayı 5, 2001, ss. 120-134.
  • LEAL-ARCAS Rafael,“EU Relations with China and Russia: How to Approach New Superpowers in Trade Matters”,Journal of International Commercial Law and Technology, Cilt 4, Sayı 1, 2009, ss. 22-42.
  • LEE Pak K. ,”China’s Quest for Oil Security: Oil (Wars) in the Pipeline?”,The Pacific Review, Cilt 18, Sayı 2, 2005, ss. 265-301.
  • MCDERMOTT Roger N. ,“United States and NATO Military Cooperation with Kazakhstan: The Need for a New Approach”,Journal of Slavic Military Studies, Sayı 21, 2008, ss. 615-641.
  • NASSIBLI Nasib, “Azerbaijan’s Geopolitics and Oil Pipeline Issue”,Perceptions, Cilt 4, Sayı 4, 2000, ss. 114–115.
  • NOURZHANOV Kirill, “Changing security threat perceptions in Central Asia”,Australian Journal of International Affairs, Cilt 63, Sayı 1, 2009, ss. 85-104.
  • NURIYEV Elkhan, “Azerbaijan and the European Union: New Landmarks of Strategic Partnership in the South Caucasus–Caspian Basin”,Southeast European and Black Sea Studies, Cilt 8, Sayı 2, 2008, ss. 155–168.
  • NYGREN Bertil, “Putin’s Use of Natural Gas to Renintegrate the CIS Region”,Problems of Post-Communism, Cilt 55, Sayı 4, 2008, ss. 3-15.
  • ONG Russell, “China’s Strategic Convergence with Russia”, Korean Journal of Defense Analysis, Cilt 21, Sayı 3, September 2009, ss. 315-328.
  • ÖZBAY Fatih, “Nabucco’nun Fendi Güney Akım’ı Yendi Mi?”, 24 Ekim 2009,http://www. bilgesam.org/tr/index.php?view=article&catid=131%3Aenerji&id=398%3Anabucconunfendi-guney-akimi-yendi-mi&format=pdf&option=com_content&Itemid=146.
  • PAILLARD Christophe-Alexandre, “Russia and Europe’s Mutual Energy Dependence”, Journal of International Affairs, Cilt 63, Sayı 2, 2010, ss. 65-84.
  • ROBERTS John M. “The Black Sea and European Energy Security”,Southeast European and Black Sea Studies, Cilt 6, Sayı 2, 2006, ss. 207–223.
  • RUSECKAS Laurent, “Turkey and Eurasia: Oppurtunities and Risks in the Caspian Pipeline Derby”, Journal of International Affairs, Cilt 54, Sayı1, 2000, ss. 217-236.
  • SCHMIDT-FELZMANN Anke, “All for One? EU Member States and the Union’s Common Policy Towards the Russian Federation”,Journal of Contemporary European Studies, Cilt 16,Sayı 2, 2008, ss. 169-187.
  • SEVASTYANOV Sergey, “The More Assertive and Pragmatic New Energy Policy in Putin’s Russia: Security Implications for Northeast Asia”,East Asia, Sayı 25, 2008, ss. 35–55.
  • SHAFFER Brenda, “The Geopolitics of the Caucasus”,Brown Journal of World Affairs, Cilt 15, Sayı 2, 2009, ss. 131-142.
  • SOVACOOL Benjamin K. ,“Reassessing Energy Security and the Trans-ASEAN Natural Gas Pipeline Network in Southeast Asia”,Pacific Affairs, Cilt 82, Sayı 3, 2009, ss. 467-486.
  • STOBDAN Punchoh, “India and Kazakhstan Should Share Complementary Objectives”, Strategic Analysis, Cilt 33, Sayı 1, 2009, ss. 1-7.
  • TEKİN Ali- Paul A. Williams, “Turkey and EU Energy Security: The Pipeline Connection”,East European Quarterly, Cilt 42, Sayı4, 2009, ss. 419-434.
  • TRENIN Dmitri, “Russia in the Caucasus: Reversing the Tide”,Brown Journal of World Affairs, Cilt 15, Sayı 2, 2009, ss. 143-155.
  • WALKER Martin, “Russia v. Europe: The Energy Wars”,World Policy Journal, Spring 2007, ss. 1-8.
  • WILLIAMS Christopher, “Russia’s Closer Ties with China: The Geo-Politics of Energy and the Implications for the European Union”, European Studies, Cilt 27, 2009, ss. 151-165.
  • YAZICI Nebahat – Ayhan Demirbaş, “Turkey’s Natural Gas Necessity and Consumption”,Energy Sources, Sayı 23, 2001, ss. 801-808.
  • XU Xiaojie, “The Oil and Gas Links between Central Asia and China: A Geopolitical Perspective”,OPEC Review, March 1999, ss. 33-54.
  • http://www.dtm.gov.tr, (retrieved 07/15/2009).
  • http://www.trt.net.tr/trtinternational/en/newsDetail.aspx?HaberKodu=16ba126f-8341426e-9d3a-27480f62eacc, (retrieved 07/19/2009).
  • http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3707314,00.html, (retrieved 05/30/2009).
  • HURRIYET DAİLY NEWS, “High-Level Turkish-Syrian Meeting Kicks off in Latakia”, http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/n.php?n=high-level-turkish-syrian-meeting-kicksoff-in-latakia-2010-10-03, (retrieved 10/10/2010).
  • HURRIYET, “Secret Solution to Hatay”, 01/10/2005. İDİZ Semih, “FM Davutoğlu Should Choose His Words Carefully”, Hurriyet Daily News, 09/10/2009.
  • KABALAN Mervan, Interview, Damascus University, 08/24/2008.
  • KHOURY Ernest, Interview, Beirut, 08/28/2009.
  • KILIÇ Serdar, Turkish Ambassador in Beirut, Interview, Beirut, 08/26/2008.
  • LAPIDOT-FIRILLA Anat, Interview, Jerusalem-Israel, 06/10/2009
  • LARRABEE Stephen, “Turkey Rediscovers the Middle East”, Foreign Affairs, July/August 2007.
  • LEBANON DAILY STAR,” Turkish Soaps Revive Arab Interest in the Capital of the Ottomans”, http://www.dailystar.com.lb/article.asp?edition_id=10&categ_id=4& article_ id=105477, (retrieved 08/22/2009).
  • MOUBAYID Sami, “Turkish-Syrian Relations: The Erdoğan Legacy”, SETA Policy Brief, No. 25, October 2008.
  • MOUSSAOUI Rana, ‘Subversive’ Turkish TV Series Takes Arab World by Storm”, http:// www.france24.com/en/20080825-subversive-turkish-tv-series-takes-arab-world-storm, (retrieved 09/14/2008).
  • MROUE Jamil K., Interview, Beirut, 08/27/2008. MUFTI Malik, “Turkish-Syrian Rapprochement: Causes and Consequences”, Policy Watch, No. 630, The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, June 21, 2002.
  • NTVMSNBC, “TPAO Suriye’de Petrol Arayacak”, http://www.ntvmsnbc.com/ id/25137670, (retrieved 10/07/2010).
  • SYRIAN MINISTRY OF TOURISM, http://www.syriatourism.org/index.php? newlang=eng, (retrieved 08/14/2009)
  • TBMM, http://www.tbmm.gov.tr/hukumetler/hukumetler.htm, (retrieved 07/15/2009).
  • TISDALL Simon, “Turkey’s Decisive Role”, The Guardian, January 19, 2009.
  • TRABOULSI, Fawwaz A History of Modern Lebanon, London: Pluto Press, 2007.
  • TURKISH MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS, http://www.mfa.gov.tr/synopsis-of-theturkish-foreign-policy.en.mfa, (retrieved 09/02/2009).
Toplam 67 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Gökhan Özkan Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ağustos 2010
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2010 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 7

Kaynak Göster

APA Özkan, G. . (2010). Türkiye’nin Orta Asya ve Kafkasya’daki Bölgesel Politikasında Enerji Güvenliği. Gazi Akademik Bakış, 4(7).
AMA Özkan G. Türkiye’nin Orta Asya ve Kafkasya’daki Bölgesel Politikasında Enerji Güvenliği. Gazi Akademik Bakış. Ağustos 2010;4(7).
Chicago Özkan, Gökhan. “Türkiye’nin Orta Asya Ve Kafkasya’daki Bölgesel Politikasında Enerji Güvenliği”. Gazi Akademik Bakış 4, sy. 7 (Ağustos 2010).
EndNote Özkan G (01 Ağustos 2010) Türkiye’nin Orta Asya ve Kafkasya’daki Bölgesel Politikasında Enerji Güvenliği. Gazi Akademik Bakış 4 7
IEEE G. . Özkan, “Türkiye’nin Orta Asya ve Kafkasya’daki Bölgesel Politikasında Enerji Güvenliği”, Gazi Akademik Bakış, c. 4, sy. 7, 2010.
ISNAD Özkan, Gökhan. “Türkiye’nin Orta Asya Ve Kafkasya’daki Bölgesel Politikasında Enerji Güvenliği”. Gazi Akademik Bakış 4/7 (Ağustos 2010).
JAMA Özkan G. Türkiye’nin Orta Asya ve Kafkasya’daki Bölgesel Politikasında Enerji Güvenliği. Gazi Akademik Bakış. 2010;4.
MLA Özkan, Gökhan. “Türkiye’nin Orta Asya Ve Kafkasya’daki Bölgesel Politikasında Enerji Güvenliği”. Gazi Akademik Bakış, c. 4, sy. 7, 2010.
Vancouver Özkan G. Türkiye’nin Orta Asya ve Kafkasya’daki Bölgesel Politikasında Enerji Güvenliği. Gazi Akademik Bakış. 2010;4(7).

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