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The Impact of “China-Central and Eastern Europe Cooperation” and “Belt and Road Initiative” on Sino-Albanian Relations

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 33, 61 - 73, 19.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.19060/gav.1405842

Öz

The end of WW II in 1945 did not usher in a new era of lasting peaceful environment but brought in confrontations between two opposite camps based on two different ideologies and value systems: One was US-led Western industrialized countries in favor of democratic systems; another was Soviet Union dominated Eastern Bloc countries upholding socialism. China and Albania belong to the latter camp, but split with the Soviet Union after the death of Joseph Stalin due to Nikita Khrushchev’s de-Stalinization stance. Subsequently, China and Albania forged an alliance against Soviet Union in 1950s until Albania fell out with China in 1978. Sino-Albanian Rapprochement was achieved in 1980s after the death of Enver Hoxha. Bilateral relations remained stable since and entered into a new phase symbolized by Chinese business engagement with the launch of China-Central and Eastern Europe Cooperation (China-CEEC) and “Belt and Road Initiative” (BRI). The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of the Chinese new initiative to Sino-Albanian relations.

Kaynakça

  • AREŽINA, Sanja. “Reflections of the “Belt and Road” Initiative and China-CEEC Cooperation on the Perceptions of China Pervading the Public Discourse in Albania”, 6.6 2023, https://china-cee.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Working_paper-202027-by-Sanja-Arez%CC%8Cina.pdf
  • BASTIAN, Jens. “China’s Evolving Footprint in the Western Balkans: Navigating Between the Belt and Road Initiative and the Covid-19 Pandemic”,6.6. 2023,
  • https://tiranaobservatory.com/2020/07/16/chinas-evolving-footprint-in-the-western-balkansnavigating-between-the-belt-and-road-initiative-and-the-covid-19-pandemic/
  • BIBERAJ,Elez.“Albanian-Chinese Relations 1962-1969”, 3.6.2023, https://tiranaobservatory.com/2020/07/06/albanian-chinese-relations-1962-1969/
  • BLAZEVSKI, Bojan. “Zero benefits for Albania from China’s Belt and Road Initiative”,9.6.2023,https://meta.mk/en/zero-benefits-for-albania-from-chinas-belt-and-road-initiative/
  • BORIÇI, Gjon. “the Fall of the Albanian-Chinese Relations 1971-1978”, ILIRIA International Review6(1):107, 5.6.2023,https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305744722_The_fall_of_ the_Albanian_-_Chinese_Relations_1971-1978/link/5891e5c7aca272f9a5581b40/download
  • BRADY, Anne-Marie -Hiromichi Higashi, “Are we real friends? Albania-China relations in theXi Era”, 6.6.2023,https://sinopsis.cz/en/are-we-real-friends-albania-china-relations-in-the-xiera/
  • BYTYÇI, Enver, In the Shadows of Albania-China Relations (1960-1978), Cambridge Scholars Publishing,2022.https://www.cambridgescholars.com/resources/pdfs/978-1-5275-7768-8-sample. pdf
  • “China In The Western Balkans”, April 2020 Issue, Balkan Investigative Reporting Network, 7.6.2023, https://consultancy.birn.eu.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/China-in-the-Western- Balkans-April-2020.pdf

"Çin-Orta ve Doğu Avrupa İşbirliği” ve “Kuşak ve Yol Girişimi”’nin Çin-Arnavutluk İlişkilerine Etkisi

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 33, 61 - 73, 19.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.19060/gav.1405842

Öz

İkinci Dünya Savaşı’nın 1945›te sona ermesi, kalıcı barış ortamının sağlanacağı yeni bir çağın başlangıcı olmadı, ancak iki farklı ideoloji ve değer sistemine dayanan iki karşıt kamp arasında çatışmalara yol açtı: Bunlardan biri, demokratik sistemlerden yana ABD liderliğindeki Batılı sanayileşmiş ülkelerdi; bir diğeri ise sosyalizmi savunan Sovyetler Birliği hakimiyetindeki Doğu Bloku ülkeleriydi. Çin ve Arnavutluk ikinci kampa ait, ancak Joseph Stalin’in ölümünden sonra Nikita Kruşçev’in Stalinizasyondan arındırma tutumu nedeniyle Sovyetler Birliği ile ayrıldılar. Daha sonra Çin ve Arnavutluk, 1950’lerde Sovyetler Birliği’ne karşı ittifak kurdular ve 1978’de Arnavutluk Çin’le arası bozuldu. 1980’lerde Enver Hoca’nın ölümünden sonra Çin-Arnavutluk yakınlaşması sağlandı. İkili ilişkiler o zamandan bu yana istikrarlı kaldı ve Çin-Orta ve Doğu Avrupa İşbirliği (Çin-CEEC) ve “Kuşak ve Yol Girişimi”nin (BRI) başlatılmasıyla Çin’in ticari ilişkilerinin simgelediği yeni bir aşamaya girdi. Bu çalışmanın amacı Çin’in yeni girişiminin Çin-Arnavutluk ilişkilerine etkisini değerlendirmektir.

Kaynakça

  • AREŽINA, Sanja. “Reflections of the “Belt and Road” Initiative and China-CEEC Cooperation on the Perceptions of China Pervading the Public Discourse in Albania”, 6.6 2023, https://china-cee.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Working_paper-202027-by-Sanja-Arez%CC%8Cina.pdf
  • BASTIAN, Jens. “China’s Evolving Footprint in the Western Balkans: Navigating Between the Belt and Road Initiative and the Covid-19 Pandemic”,6.6. 2023,
  • https://tiranaobservatory.com/2020/07/16/chinas-evolving-footprint-in-the-western-balkansnavigating-between-the-belt-and-road-initiative-and-the-covid-19-pandemic/
  • BIBERAJ,Elez.“Albanian-Chinese Relations 1962-1969”, 3.6.2023, https://tiranaobservatory.com/2020/07/06/albanian-chinese-relations-1962-1969/
  • BLAZEVSKI, Bojan. “Zero benefits for Albania from China’s Belt and Road Initiative”,9.6.2023,https://meta.mk/en/zero-benefits-for-albania-from-chinas-belt-and-road-initiative/
  • BORIÇI, Gjon. “the Fall of the Albanian-Chinese Relations 1971-1978”, ILIRIA International Review6(1):107, 5.6.2023,https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305744722_The_fall_of_ the_Albanian_-_Chinese_Relations_1971-1978/link/5891e5c7aca272f9a5581b40/download
  • BRADY, Anne-Marie -Hiromichi Higashi, “Are we real friends? Albania-China relations in theXi Era”, 6.6.2023,https://sinopsis.cz/en/are-we-real-friends-albania-china-relations-in-the-xiera/
  • BYTYÇI, Enver, In the Shadows of Albania-China Relations (1960-1978), Cambridge Scholars Publishing,2022.https://www.cambridgescholars.com/resources/pdfs/978-1-5275-7768-8-sample. pdf
  • “China In The Western Balkans”, April 2020 Issue, Balkan Investigative Reporting Network, 7.6.2023, https://consultancy.birn.eu.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/China-in-the-Western- Balkans-April-2020.pdf
Toplam 9 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Asya Toplumu Çalışmaları, Çağdaş Balkan Tarihi, Çağdaş Orta Doğu Tarihi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Rahman Nurdun Bu kişi benim 0009-0009-1677-5226

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 16 Aralık 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 19 Aralık 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 17 Sayı: 33

Kaynak Göster

APA Nurdun, R. (2023). The Impact of “China-Central and Eastern Europe Cooperation” and “Belt and Road Initiative” on Sino-Albanian Relations. Gazi Akademik Bakış, 17(33), 61-73. https://doi.org/10.19060/gav.1405842
AMA Nurdun R. The Impact of “China-Central and Eastern Europe Cooperation” and “Belt and Road Initiative” on Sino-Albanian Relations. Gazi Akademik Bakış. Aralık 2023;17(33):61-73. doi:10.19060/gav.1405842
Chicago Nurdun, Rahman. “The Impact of “China-Central and Eastern Europe Cooperation” and ‘Belt and Road Initiative’ on Sino-Albanian Relations”. Gazi Akademik Bakış 17, sy. 33 (Aralık 2023): 61-73. https://doi.org/10.19060/gav.1405842.
EndNote Nurdun R (01 Aralık 2023) The Impact of “China-Central and Eastern Europe Cooperation” and “Belt and Road Initiative” on Sino-Albanian Relations. Gazi Akademik Bakış 17 33 61–73.
IEEE R. Nurdun, “The Impact of “China-Central and Eastern Europe Cooperation” and ‘Belt and Road Initiative’ on Sino-Albanian Relations”, Gazi Akademik Bakış, c. 17, sy. 33, ss. 61–73, 2023, doi: 10.19060/gav.1405842.
ISNAD Nurdun, Rahman. “The Impact of “China-Central and Eastern Europe Cooperation” and ‘Belt and Road Initiative’ on Sino-Albanian Relations”. Gazi Akademik Bakış 17/33 (Aralık 2023), 61-73. https://doi.org/10.19060/gav.1405842.
JAMA Nurdun R. The Impact of “China-Central and Eastern Europe Cooperation” and “Belt and Road Initiative” on Sino-Albanian Relations. Gazi Akademik Bakış. 2023;17:61–73.
MLA Nurdun, Rahman. “The Impact of “China-Central and Eastern Europe Cooperation” and ‘Belt and Road Initiative’ on Sino-Albanian Relations”. Gazi Akademik Bakış, c. 17, sy. 33, 2023, ss. 61-73, doi:10.19060/gav.1405842.
Vancouver Nurdun R. The Impact of “China-Central and Eastern Europe Cooperation” and “Belt and Road Initiative” on Sino-Albanian Relations. Gazi Akademik Bakış. 2023;17(33):61-73.

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