Kemik yapımını artıran uygulamalar: derleme

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 42 Sayı: 1, 43 - 56, 03.01.2025

Işıl Karapınar , Altan Doğan

Öz

Kemik dokusu yaşam boyunca yeniden şekillenerek sürekli olarak kendini onarır ve yeniler. Kemiğin yeniden şekillenmesinde osteoprogenitör hücreler, osteoblastlar, osteoklastlar ve osteositler görev alır. Kemiğin yeniden şekillenme süreci, dolaşımdaki çeşitli hormonlar ve diğer lokal düzenleyici faktörler tarafından düzenlenir. Travma, kalıtsal eksiklikler ve patojeniteler kemik kaybına neden olabilmektedir. Klinik pratikte ise var olan kemik kaybını onarmak ya da rejenerasyonunu sağlamak oldukça zorlayıcı bir durumdur. “Doku mühendisliği” kavramının ortaya konulmasından bu yana son 25 yıldır kemik doku rejenerasyonu için stratejiler sürekli olarak gelişmektedir. Doku mühendisliğinde kemik yapımını desteklemek amacıyla çeşitli taşıyıcı iskele sistemleri, osteojenik özelliğe sahip mezenkimal kök hücreler ve osteoindüktif özellikte olan büyüme faktörleri, ilaçlar ve hormonlar araştırma konusu olmuştur. Nanoteknolojinin de rejeneratif mühendislik alanında uygulanmaya başlanması, taşıma sistemlerinin doku rejenerasyonu için gerekli olan biyouyumluluk, kimyasal ve mekanik özelliklerinin gelişmesini sağlarken aynı zamanda osteoindüktif materyallerin ve osteojenik hücrelerin salım konsantrasyonlarının kontrol edilebilmesini sağlamıştır. Bu derleme; kemik rejenerasyonunun artırılmasında osteoindüktif materyallerin güncel literatürler doğrultusunda mekanizmalarını, etkinliklerini ve klinik kullanımdaki yerlerini ortaya koymak ve ileride yapılabilecek çalışmalara ışık tutması amacıyla hazırlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Alendronat, BMP2 protein, insan, Büyüme farklılaşma faktörleri, Doku mühendisliği, Hormonlar, İlaçlar, Kemik yenilenmesi

Applications enhancing bone formation: a review

Öz

Bone tissue constantly reshapes and regenerates itself throughout life. Osteoprogenitor cells, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes play roles in bone reshaping. The process of bone remodeling is regulated by various hormones and local regulatory factors circulating in the body. Trauma, genetic deficiencies, and pathologies can lead to bone loss. In clinical practice, repairing existing bone loss or promoting regeneration is a challenging task. Over the past 25 years since the concept of "tissue engineering" emerged, strategies for bone tissue regeneration have been continuously evolving. Various scaffold systems that support bone formation, mesenchymal stem cells with osteogenic properties, and growth factors, drugs, and hormones with osteoinductive properties have been extensively researched in tissue engineering to enhance bone regeneration. The application of nanotechnology in regenerative engineering has further improved the biocompatibility, chemical, and mechanical properties of delivery systems required for tissue regeneration, while also allowing control over the release concentrations of osteoinductive materials and osteogenic cells. This review aims to shed light on the mechanisms, effectiveness, and clinical applications of osteoinductive materials in enhancing bone regeneration, based on current literature. The goal is to provide insights for future research and studies in this field.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Alendronate, BMP2 protein, human, Bone regeneration, Drugs, Growth Differentiation Factors, Hormones, Tissue engineering

Kaynakça

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