Using Different Decision Making Techniques in Selecting the Most Appropriate Evaluation Method for Composite Wastes Containing Wax

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 2, 177 - 188, 30.04.2022

Ece Yılmazbilek Zerrin Günkaya Aysun Özkan Mufide Banar

https://doi.org/10.17671/gazibtd.954173

Öz

Composite wastes containing wax (phase change materials, processed food packaging, etc.) are among the types of waste that are difficult to manage in sustainable waste management systems due to their complex structure. It is important to demonstrate a holistic approach in terms of environmental, economic and technical aspects during the determination of the most appropriate evaluation method. At this point, it is possible to use Multi-Criteria Decision Making Techniques (MCDM), where the most suitable alternative (chemical recycling, mechanical recycling, incineration, pyrolysis and landfill) can be selected with the help of different criteria in solving problems in many fields. The criteria determined ((global warming potential, energy use, health impact, chemical use, operating cost, investment cost, recycled material quality, technological compliance, compliance with environmental policies and laws, conservation of resources) are weighted by Entropy, CRITIC (Criteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation) and SWARA (Step-wise weight assessment ratio analysis) methods. With the results obtained from each weighting method, evaluations were made with ANP (Analytic Network Process) and TOPSIS (The Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution), separately. In the ANP and TOPSIS results made with all the weighting methods used, it was determined that the pyrolysis alternative was the most appropriate option.

Anahtar Kelimeler

ANP, CRITIC, Composite Waste Management, Entrophy, MCDM, SWARA, TOPSIS, Wax

Vaks İçeren Kompozit Atıklar için En Uygun Değerlendirme Yönteminin Seçiminde Farklı Karar Verme Tekniklerinin Kullanılması

Öz

Vaks içeren kompozit atıklar (faz değiştirme malzemeleri, işlenmiş hazır gıda ambalajları vb.), karmaşık yapıları nedeniyle sürdürülebilir bir şekilde yönetilmeleri zor olan atık türlerindendir. En uygun değerlendirme yönteminin belirlenmesi aşamasında çevresel, ekonomik, teknik açıdan bütünsel bir yaklaşım sergilenmesi önemlidir. Bu noktada, birçok alandaki problemin çözümünde farklı kriterlerin yardımıyla en uygun alternatif seçiminin yapılabildiği Çok Kriterli Karar Verme Teknikleri (MCDM)’nin kullanımı mümkündür. Bu nedenle bu çalışmada, iki farklı MCDM yöntemi ile vaks içeren kompozit atıkların değerlendirilme yöntemi (kimyasal geri dönüşüm, mekanik geri dönüşüm, insinerasyon, piroliz ve depolama) bütünsel bir yaklaşım ile değerlendirilmiştir. Öncelikle, belirlenen kriterler (küresel ısınma potansiyeli, enerji kullanımı, sağlık etkisi, kimyasal kullanımı, işletme maliyeti, yatırım maliyeti, geri dönüştürülmüş malzeme kalitesi, teknolojik uygunluk, çevre politikalarına ve yasaya uygunluk, kaynakların korunumu) Entropi, CRITIC (Criteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation) ve SWARA (Step-wise weight assessment ratio analysis) metotları ile ağırlıklandırılmıştır. Her bir ağırlıklandırma metodundan elde edilen sonuçlar, MCDM yöntemleri olan ANP ve TOPSIS ile ayrı ayrı değerlendirilmiştir. Kullanılan tüm ağırlıklandırma yöntemleri ile yapılan ANP ve TOPSIS sonuçlarında piroliz alternatifinin en uygun seçenek olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

ANP, CRITIC, Entropi, Kompozit Atık Yönetimi, MCDM, SWARA, TOPSIS, Vaks

Kaynakça

• W. Urbaniak, W. Wasiak, J. Fall, “Waxes products of thermal degradation of waste plastics–obtaining, capabilities, and application”, Archives of Waste Management and Environmental Protection, 6, 71-78, 2007.
• G. V. Webber, Wax characterization by instrumental analysis, Master Thesis, University of Stellenbosch, Institute for Polymer Science Department of Chemistry, 2000.
• W. R. Turner, D. S. Brown, D. V. Harrison, “Properties of paraffin waxes”, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry, 47(6), 1219-1226, 1955.
• F. H. MacLaren, “Evaluation of quality of paraffin wax”, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry, 42(10), 2134–2141, 1950.
• J. Rybicka, A. Tiwari, G. Leeke, “Technology Readiness Level Assessment of Composites Recycling Technologies”, Journal of Cleaner Production, 112, 1001-1012, 2016.
• M. R. Mansor, S. M. Sapuan, A. Hambali, E. S. Zainudin, A. A. Nuraini, “Materials selection of hybrid bio-composites thermoset matrix for automotive bumper beam application using topsis method”, Advances in Environmental Biology, 3138-3442, 2014.
• F. M. Al-Oqla, S. M. Sapuan, M. R. Ishak, A. A. Nuraini, “A Model for Evaluating and Determining the Most Appropriate Polymer Matrix Type for Natural Fiber Composites”, International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization, 20(3), 191–205, 2015.
• A. Singh S. Avikal, A. Sharma, R. Verma, “Selection of suitable metal matrix composite for design application using MCDM approach”, Materials Today: Proceedings, in press, 2021.
• A. M. Cunliffe, P. T. Williams, “Characterisation of products from the recycling of glass fibre reinforced polyester waste by pyrolysis, Fuel, 82(18), 2223-2230, 2003.
• K. Bartholomew, Fiberglass Reinforced Plastics Recycling Report, 12-04, 2004.
• A. Hedlund-Astrom, Model for End of Life Treatment of Polymer Composite Materials, Doctoral Thesis, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Machine Design, 2005.
• K. Larsen, “Recycling wind turbine blades, renewable energy focus”, Renewable Energy Focus, 9(7), 70-73, 2009.
• E. Aynur, İstanbul’da Oluşan Kentsel Katı Atıklar için Yakma ve Gazlaştırma Sistemlerinin Karşılaştırmalı Analizi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2011.
• Y. Yanga, R. Booma, B. Irionb, D. V. Heerdenb, P. Kuiperc, H. D. Wita, “Recycling of composite materials”, Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification, 53-68, 2012.
• N. Vijay, V. Rajkumara, P. Bhattacharjee, “Assessment of Composite Waste Disposal in Aerospace Industries”, Procedia Environmental Sciences, 35, 563–570, 2016.
• I. Delvere, M. Iltiņa, M. Shanbayev, A. Abildayeva, S. Kuzhamberdieva, D. Blumberga, “Evaluation of polymer matrix composite waste recycling methods”, Environmental and Climate Technologies, 23, 168 – 187, 2019.
• M.A. Alao, O.M. Popoola, T.R.Ayodele, “A novel fuzzy integrated MCDM model for optimal selection of waste-to-energy-based-distributed generation under uncertainty: A case of the City of Cape Town, South Africa”, Journal of Cleaner Production, in press, 2022.
• A.E. Torkayesh, V. Simic, “Stratified hybrid decision model with constrained attributes: Recycling facility location for urban healthcare plastic waste”, Sustainable Cities and Society, 77, 103543.
• A. Gaur, H.Prakash, K.Anand, G.Kumar, A.Hussain, “Evaluation of Municipal Solid Waste Management Scenarios using Multi-Criteria Decision Making under Fuzzy Environment”, Process Integration and Optimization for Sustainability, in press, 2022.
• T.Huang, Y.Tang, Y.Sun, C.Zhang, X.Ma, “Life cycle environmental and economic comparison of thermal utilization of refuse derived fuel manufactured from landfilled waste or fresh waste”, Journal of Environmental Management, 304, 114156, 2022.
• B.G.K.M. Alblooshi, S.Z. Ahmad, M.Hussain, “Sustainable management of electronic waste: Empirical evidences from a stakeholders' perspective”, Business Strategy and the Environment, in press, 2022.
• X. Wailoni, S.Swain, S.Lafanama, K.Muduli, “Analytical Approach for Prioritizing Waste Management Practices: Implications for Sustainable Development Exercises in Healthcare Sector”, International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development, 13(1), 12, 2022.
• V.K. Manupati, M.Ramkumar, V.Baba, A.Agarwal, “Selection of the best healthcare waste disposal techniques during and post COVID-19 pandemic era”, Journal of Cleaner Production, 281, 125175, 2021.
• A.Soni, P.K.Das, M.J.Sarma, “Application of MOORA Method for Parametric Optimization of Manufacturing Process of Floor Tiles Using Waste Plastics” Process Integration and Optimization for Sustainability, in press, 2021.
• Z.O.Saravani, M.K.Kalashami, A.Bakhshipour, I.Bagheri, C.Psomopoulos, “Critical analysis of rural waste management weaknesses” International Journal of Humal Capital Urban Management, 6(3), 263-276, 2021.
• A.Chauhan, S.P.Singh, “Selection of healthcare waste disposal firms using a multi-method approach” Journal of Environmental Management, 295, 113117, 2021.
• A.Fetanat, M.Tayebi, G.Shafipour, “Management of waste electrical and electronic equipment based on circular economy strategies: navigating a sustainability transition toward waste management sector” Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 23, 343-369, 2021.
• F.Zhang, Y.Ju, E.D.R.S. Gonzalez, A., Wang, P.Dong, M.Giannakis, “Evaluation of construction and demolition waste utilization schemes under uncertain environment: A fuzzy heterogeneous multi-criteria decision-making approach” Journal of Cleaner Production, 313, 127907, 2021.
• M.Mojaver, R.Hasanzadeh, T.Azdast, C.B.Park, “Comparative study on air gasification of plastic waste and conventional biomass based on coupling of AHP/TOPSIS multi-criteria decision analysis”, Chemosphere, 286(3), 131867, 2022.
• J.Sokolovic, D.Stanujkic, Z.Stirbanovic, “Selection of process for aluminium separation from waste cables by TOPSIS and WASPAS methods”, Minerals Engineering, 173, 107186, 2021.
• P. K. Patnaik, P. T. R. Swain, A. Purohit, A. “Selection of composite materials for structural applications through MCDM approach”, Materials Today: Proceedings, 18, 3454–3461, 2019.
• N. Ömürbek A. Şimşek “Analitik hiyerarşi süreci ve analitik ağ süreci yöntemleri ile online alışveriş site seçimi”, Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 22, 306-327, 2014.
• A. B. Al-Zubaidi, “Recycling of waste paraffin wax by the addition of SiO2 nano-powders to improve thermal conductivity: thermal conductivity; waste paraffin wax; SiO2 nano powders”, Engineering and Technology Journal, 37(9A), 369-373, 2019.
• Z. Wang, X. Li, G. Zhang, Y. Lv, C. Wang, F. He, C. Yang, C. “Thermal management investigation for lithium-ion battery module with different phase change materials”, RSC Advances, 7(68), 42909–42918, 2017.
• R. Sommerville, P. Zhu, M. A. Rajaeifar, O. Heidrich, V. Goodship, E. Kendrick, “A qualitative assessment of lithium ion battery recycling processes”, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 165, 105219, 2021.
• T. Kükrer, Taşınabilir elektronik aygıtların atık pillerinden lityum ve kobalt geri kazanımı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2010.
• G. Oliveoux, L. Dandy, G.A. Leeke, “A step-change in the recycling of composite materials”, 4th International Carbon Composites Conference, Arcachon Fransa, May 2014.
• H. I. Abdel-Shafy, M. Mansour, M. “Solid waste issue: Sources, composition, disposal, recycling, and valorization”, Egyptian Journal of Petroleum, 27, 1275-1290, 2018.
• S. Evangelisti, C. Tagliaferri, R. Clift, P. Lettieri, R. Taylor, C. R. Chapman, “Life cycle assessment of conventional and two-stage advanced energy-from-waste technologies for municipal solid waste treatment”, Journal of Cleaner Production, 100, 212-223, 2015.
• F. Meng, E. Olivetti, Y. Zhao, J. Chang, S. Pickering, J. McKechnie, Comparing life cycle energy and global warming potential of carbon fiber composite recycling technologies and waste management options”, ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 6, 9854-9865, 2018.
• S. R. Chandrasekaran, B. K. Sharma, B.K. “From waste to resource”, Plastics to Energy, 345-364, 2019.
• N. A. Shuaib, P. T. Mativenga, “Energy demand in mechanical recycling of glass fibre reinforced thermoset plastic composites”, Journal of Cleaner Production, 120, 198–206, 2016.
• R. A. Witik, R. Teuscher, V. Michaud, C. Ludwig, J. A. E. Månson, “Carbon fibre reinforced composite waste: an environmental assessment of recycling, energy recovery and landfilling” Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 49, 89–99, 2013.
• J. N. Hahladakis, C. A. Velis, R. Weber, E. Iacovidou, P. Purnell, “An overview of chemical additives presents in plastics: Migration, release, fate and environmental impact during their use, disposal, and recycling”, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 344, 179–199, 2018.
• L. Roes, M. K. Patel, E. Worrell, C. Ludwig, “Preliminary evaluation of risks related to waste incineration of polymer nanocomposites”, Science of the Total Environment, 417-418, 76–86, 2012.
• R. Miandad, M. Barakat, A. S. Aburiazaiza, M. Rehan, A. Nizami, “Catalytic pyrolysis of plastic waste: A review” Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 102, 822-838, 2016.
• S. K. Gopalraj, T. Karki, “A review on the recycling of waste carbon fibre/glass fibre-reinforced composites: fibre recovery, properties, and life-cycle analysis”, SN Applied Sciences, 2, 1-21, 2020.
• P. A. Dong, C. Azzaro-Pantel, A. Cadène, “Economic and environmental assessment of recovery and disposal pathways for CFRP waste management”, Resources Conservation and Recycling, 133, 63-75, 2018.
• N. A. Ross, L. Roberts, J. Leith, W. Woodland, Lithium Recovery Process from Spent Batteries, Chancellor’s Honors Program Projects, 2020.
• J. Tang, J., A cost-benefit analysis of waste incineration with advanced bottom ash separation technology: from a system perspective for a Chinese municipality, Master of Thesis, Guanghan. Weiterbildungszentrum der TU Wien, 2012.
• P. McKendry, P. Costs of incineration and non-incineration energy from waste Technologies, Greater London Authority Technical Report, Energy from Wastes, 2008.
• M. Solis, S. Silveira, “Technologies for chemical recycling of household plastics - A technical review and TRL assessment”, Waste Management, 105, 128-138, 2020.
• G. Oliveux, L. Dandy, A. G. Leeke, “A step-change in the recycling of composite materials”, Delft University of Technology the Netherlands, Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering, 2014.
• M. Stamenovic, D. Kovačević, V. Alivojvodić, S. Putic, “Thermal treatment of composite wastes for energy recovery”, Zastıta Materijala, 61(1), 13-18, 2020.
• T. Thiounn, R. C. Smith, “Advances and approaches for chemical recycling of plastic waste”, Journal of Polymer Science, 58, 1347-1364, 2020.
• S. Vinodh, M. Prasanna, N. Hari Prakash, “Integrated Fuzzy AHP–TOPSIS for selecting the best plastic recycling method: A case study”, Applied Mathematical Modelling, 38(19-20), 4662–4672, 2014.
• B. Bulğurcu, “Çok Nitelikli Fayda Teorisi ile Critic Yöntem Entegrasyonu: Akıllı Teknoloji Tercih Örneği”, Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 13(19), 2019.
• E. A. Adalı, A. Işık, “Bir tedarikçi seçim problemi için SWARA ve WASPAS yöntemlerine dayanan karar verme yaklaşımı”, International Review of Economics and Management, 5(4), 56-77, 2017.
• V. Kersuliene, E. Kazimieras, Z. Turskis,” Selection of rational dispute resolution method by applying new step‐wise weight assessment ratio analysis (Swara)”, Journal of Business Economics and Management, 11(2), 243–258, 2010.
• T, L. Satty, “Decision making the Analytic Hierarchy and Network Processes (AHP/ANP)”, Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering, 13(1), 1–35.
• S. Kheybari, F.M. Rezaie, H. Farazmand, “Analytic network process: An overview of applications”, Applied Mathematics and Computation, 367, 124780, 2020.
• T. Saaty, M. S. Özdemir, “Negative Priorities İn The Analytic Hierarchy Process”, Mathematical and Computer Modelling, 37, 1063-1075, 2003.
• İ. Peker, B. Birdoğan, M. Tanyas M. Ar,” ANP/BOCR analizi ile lojistik merkez yer seçimi: Türkiye örneği”, Journal of Intelligent Fuzzy Systems, 30(4), 2383-2396, 2016.
• T, L. Satty, “Fundamentals of the analytic network process — multiple networks with benefits, costs, opportunities and risks”, Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering, 13(3), 348–379, 2004.
• J. Papathanasiou , N. Ploskas, “TOPSIS . Springer Optimization and its Applications”, Multiple Criteria Decision Aid ,1-30, 2018.
• M, Qaradaghi, J, P.Deason, “Analysis of MCDM methods output coherence in oil and gas portfolio prioritization”, Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology, 8, 617-640, 2108.
• Z. Ceylan, S. Gürsev, “AHP ve TOPSIS Yöntemleri ile Bilgi Teknolojileri Projelerinde Scrum-Kanban-Şelale Uygulamaları Karşılaştırması”, Bilişim Teknolojileri Dergisi, 13, 3, 2020.
• A. Özkan, “Evaluation of healthcare waste treatment/disposal alternatives by using multi-criteria decision-making techniques”, Waste Management and Research, 31(2), 141-149, 2013.
• J. Brodny, M.Tutak, “Assessing sustainable energy development in the central and eastern European countries and analyzing its diversity”, Science of The Total Environment, 801, 149745, 2021.