Cilt Kanseri Teşhisi için Hibrit Derin Öğrenme ve Makine Öğrenmesi Yaklaşımı

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 4, 339 - 347, 31.10.2024

Yahya Doğan , Cüneyt Özdemir

https://doi.org/10.17671/gazibtd.1484037

Öz

Cilt kanseri, cilt hücrelerinin kontrolsüz çoğalması sonucu ortaya çıkan ve genellikle lezyonlar veya yeni büyümeler olarak kendini gösteren bir hastalıktır. Erken teşhis, tedavi sonuçlarını iyileştirmek için kritik bir rol oynamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, modern derin öğrenme modelleri ile geleneksel makine öğrenimi algoritmalarını birleştirerek cilt kanseri teşhisinde yenilikçi bir yöntem sunulmaktadır. Üç aşamalı bir metodoloji geliştirilmiştir. İlk aşamada, cilt lezyonlarının görüntülerinden anlamlı özellikler çıkarılmış ve bu amaçla Xception, VGG16, ResNet152V2, InceptionV3, InceptionResNetV2, MobileNetV2, EfficientNetB2 ve DenseNet201 gibi çeşitli transfer öğrenme modelleri değerlendirilmiştir. İkinci aşamada, Temel Bileşen Analizi (PCA) ile özellik boyutlarının azaltılması sağlanmış ve üçüncü aşamada ise bu indirgenmiş özellikler, K-En Yakın Komşular (KNN) ve Rastgele Orman (RF) algoritmaları ile sınıflandırılmıştır. Yapılan deneyler sonucunda en yüksek doğruluk %91.28 ile DenseNet201 modelinden elde edilen özelliklerin PCA ile boyutlarının azaltılarak RF algoritması ile sınıflandırılmasıyla elde edilmiştir. Bu bulgular, transfer öğrenme modelleri ile yapılan özellik çıkarma işlemlerinin, PCA ile boyut azaltmanın ve makine öğrenmesi algoritmalarının cilt kanseri teşhisinde yüksek performans sağladığını göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

cilt kanseri teşhisi, öznitelik seçimi, boyut azaltma, transfer öğrenme, makine öğrenmesi

Enhancing Skin Cancer Diagnosis through the Integration of Deep Learning and Machine Learning Approaches

Öz

Skin cancer is a disease characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of skin cells, typically manifesting as lesions or abnormal growths. Early diagnosis is critical for improving treatment outcomes. This study proposes an innovative approach to skin cancer diagnosis by integrating modern deep learning models with traditional machine learning algorithms. A three-phase methodology was developed. In the first phase, meaningful features were extracted from skin lesion images using various transfer learning models, including Xception, VGG16, ResNet152V2, InceptionV3, InceptionResNetV2, MobileNetV2, EfficientNetB2, and DenseNet201. In the second phase, dimensionality reduction was performed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). In the final phase, the reduced feature sets were classified using K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) and Random Forest (RF) algorithms. Experimental results demonstrated that the highest accuracy of 91.28% was achieved through the combination of DenseNet201 for feature extraction, PCA for dimensionality reduction, and Random Forest for classification. These findings highlight the effectiveness of integrating transfer learning models, dimensionality reduction techniques, and machine learning algorithms in enhancing the accuracy of skin cancer diagnosis.

Anahtar Kelimeler

skin cancer diagnosis, feature selection, dimensionality reduction, transfer learning, machine learning

Kaynakça

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