Elektrikli araç şarj ağı tasarımı için çok amaçlı bir karma tamsayılı doğrusal programlama modeli

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 40 Sayı: 3, 1875 - 1886, 21.08.2025

Meltem Uzuner , Orhan Dengiz , İmdat Kara , Esra Karasakal , Berna Dengiz

https://doi.org/10.17341/gazimmfd.1214878

Cited By: 1

https://izlik.org/JA89PC25ZA

Öz

Bu çalışmada, elektrikli araçların (EA) taleplerini mümkün olduğunca yakın bölgelerden karşılayacak ve elektrik araç şarj istasyonu kurulum ve işletim maliyetini enküçükleyecek şekilde, şarj istasyonlarının hangi dönemde, nerede ve hangi kapasitede kurulacağının belirlenmesi için yeni bir çok amaçlı karma tamsayılı doğrusal programlama modeli geliştirilmiştir. Model ile mevcut istasyonlardaki şarj altyapısının iyileştirilmesi de göz önüne alınarak EA’ların artan ihtiyaçlarını karşılayacak şekilde şarj ağı tasarımı elde edilmektedir. Farklı araç marka ve modellerinin, EA’nın ve istasyondaki şarj cihazının dönüştürücü ve güç kapasitelerinin, farklı tiplerdeki şarj hizmeti taleplerinin dikkate alındığı bu modelde, talepler gerçekçi bir biçimde ele alınmıştır. Önerilen modelin genel performansı, hesaplamalı deneysel analiz ile rassal olarak üretilen 15 farklı test problemi üzerinde incelenmiştir. Problemlerin çözümü için, çok amaçlı eniyileme yöntemlerinden Öncelikli Eniyileme Yöntemi (ÖEY) ve Artırılmış Epsilon Kısıt Yöntemi 2 (AEKY2) kullanılarak elde edilen Pareto Cephesi (PC), karar vericiye amaç fonksiyonlarının farklı düzeyleri için ödünleşim bilgisini sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Elektrikli araç , şarj istasyonu , yer seçim problemi , boyutlandırma problemi , çok amaçlı karma tamsayılı doğrusal programlama , Electric vehicle , charging station , location problem , sizing problem , multi objective mixed integer linear programming

A multi objective mixed-integer linear programming model for the electric vehicle charging network design

https://izlik.org/JA89PC25ZA

Öz

In this study, a new mixed integer linear programming model has been developed to determine when, where, and at what capacity the charging stations will be installed, in a way that would satisfy the demand of electric vehicles (EV) from the nearby areas and minimize the cost of electric vehicle charging station installation and operation. Considering the need of charging infrastructure improvement, a methodology for adopting charging network design to satisfy the growing demands of EV drivers has been proposed. Demands are handled realistically in the model, by taking into consideration different vehicle brands and models, battery and power capacities of the EV and the charger in the station, and different types of charging service demands from drivers. The overall performance of the proposed model is examined on 15 test problems randomly generated by computational experiments. For the solution of the problems, Pareto Front (PF) was obtained by using multi-objective optimization methods -Lexicographic Optimization Method and AUGMECON2- providing the decision maker with trade-off information for different levels of objective functions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Electric vehicle , charging station , location problem , sizing problem , multi objective mixed integer linear programming

Kaynakça

• 1. EDGAR - The Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research. Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions Dataset. https://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset_ghg70. Erişim tarihi Aralık 4, 2022.
• 2. Dönmez S., Koç Ç., Altıparmak F., The mixed fleet vehicle routing problem with partial recharging by multiple chargers: A formulation and an insertion based constructive heuristic, Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 39 (1), 1-16, 2024.
• 3. COP26, COP26 Transport Declaration https://cop26transportdeclaration.org/en/?contextKey=en. Erişim tarihi Kasım 16, 2022.
• 4. U.K. GOV., Politika Raporu, COP26 declaration on accelerating the transition to 100% zero emission cars and vans. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/cop26-declaration-zero-emission-cars-and-vans/cop26-declaration-on-accelerating-the-transition-to-100-zero-emission-cars-and-vans. Güncellenme tarihi Kasım 17, 2022. Erişim tarihi Kasım 16, 2022.
• 5. U.S. Department of Energy – Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy, Alternative Fuels Data Center Electric Vehicles. https://afdc.energy.gov/vehicles/electric. Erişim tarihi Eylül 3, 2024.
• 6. Larminie, J., Lowry, J., Electric Vehicle Technology Explained, John Wiley & Sons, United Kingdom, 2012.
• 7. Güneş D., Tekdemir İ.G., Karaarslan M.Ş., Alboyacı B., Assessment of the impact of electric vehicle charge station loads on reliability indices, Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 33 (3), 1073-1084, 2018.
• 8. Saygın D., Tör O.B., Teimourzadeh S., Koç M., Hildermeier J., Kolokathis C., Türkiye Ulaştırma Sektörünün Dönüşümü: Elektrikli Araçların Türkiye Dağıtım Şebekesine Etkileri, SHURA Enerji Dönüşüm Merkezi, 2019.
• 9. Deb, S., Tammi, K., Kalita, K., Mahanta, P., Review of recent trends in charging infrastructure planning for electric vehicles, Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment, 7 (6), 2018.
• 10. Kizhakkan, A.R., Rathore, A.K., Awasthi, A., Review of Electric Vehicle Charging Station Location Planning, 2019 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference, Bengaluru-India, 17-19 Aralık, 2019.
• 11. Kchaou-Boujelben, M., Charging station location problem: A comprehensive review on models and solution approaches Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 132, 2021.
• 12. Jog, P., Shete, S., Kumawat, R.K., Palwalia, D.K., Electric Vehicle Charging Station Infrastructure: A Review, 6th IEEE International Conference on Recent Advances and Innovations in Engineering, Kedah-Malaysia, 1-3 Aralık, 2021.
• 13. Kong, C., Jovanovic, R., Bayram, I.S., Devetsikiotis, M., A Hierarchical Optimization Model for a Network of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations, Energies 10 (5), 2017.
• 14. Lu, F., Hua, G., A location-sizing model for electric vehicle charging station deployment based on queuing theory, International Conference on Logistics, Informatics and Service Sciences, Barcelona, 27-29 Temmuz, 2015.
• 15. Liu, W., Tang, Y., Yang, F., Dou, Y., Wang, J., A multi-objective decision-making approach for the optimal location of electric vehicle charging facilities, Computers, Materials and Continua 60 (2), 813-834, 2019.
• 16. Sathaye, N., Kelley, S., An approach for the optimal planning of electric vehicle infrastructure for highway corridors, Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 59, 15-33, 2013.
• 17. Zhong, P., Xu, A., Kang, Y., Zhang, S., Zhang, Y., An optimal deployment scheme for extremely fast charging stations, Peer-to-Peer Networking and Applications, 15, 1486-1504, 2022.
• 18. Lee, C., Han, J., Benders-and-Price approach for electric vehicle charging station location problem under probabilistic travel range, Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, 106, 130-152, 2017.
• 19. Shom, S., Al Juheshi F., Rayyan A., Alahmad M., Abdul-Hafez M., Shuaib K., Case studies validating algorithm to determine the number of charging station placed in an Interstate and US-Highway, IEEE International Conference on Electro Information Technology, Lincoln-USA, 14-17 Mayıs, 2017.
• 20. Tamay, P., Inga, E., Charging Infrastructure for Electric Vehicles Considering Their Integration into the Smart Grid, Sustainability, 14 (14), 2022.
• 21. Quddus, M.A., Shahvari, O., Marufuzzaman, M., Ekşioğlu, S.D., Castillo-Villar, K.K., Designing a reliable electric vehicle charging station expansion under uncertainty, International Journal of Production Economics 236, 2021.
• 22. Zhang Y., Wang Y., Li F., Wu B., Chiang Y.Y., Zhang X., Efficient Deployment of Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure: Simultaneous Optimization of Charging Station Placement and Charging Pile Assignment, IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 22 (10), 6654-6659, 2021.
• 23. Micari, S., Polimeni, A., Napoli, G., Andaloro, L., Antonucci, V., Electric vehicle charging infrastructure planning in a road network, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 80, 98-108, 2017.
• 24. Aghalari, A., Salamah, D.E., Marino, C., Marufuzzaman, M., Electric vehicles fast charger location-routing problem under ambient temperature, Annals of Operations Research, 2021.
• 25. Kang, N., Feinberg, F.M., Papalambros, P.Y., Integrated decision making in electric vehicle and charging station location network design, Journal of Mechanical Design, 137 (6), 2015.
• 26. Kchaou Boujelben, M., Gicquel, C., Location of electric vehicle charging stations under uncertainty on the driving range, International Conference on Computational Logistics, Vietri sul Mare-Italy, 475-486, 1-3 Ekim, 2018.
• 27. Zhang, B., Zhao, M., Hu, X., Location planning of electric vehicle charging station with users’ preferences and waiting time: multi-objective bi-level programming model and HNSGA-II algorithm, International Journal of Production Research, 2022.
• 28. Asna, M., Shareef, H., Muhammad, M.A., Ismail, L., Prasanthi, A., Multi-objective quantum atom search optimization algorithm for electric vehicle charging station planning, International Journal of Energy Research, 2022.
• 29. Schmidt, M., Zmuda‐trzebiatowski, P., Kiciński, M., Sawicki, P., Lasak, K., Multiple‐criteria‐based electric vehicle charging infrastructure design problem, Energies, 14 (11), 2021.
• 30. Yazdi, L., Ahadi, R., Rezaee, B., Optimal Electric Vehicle Charging Station Placing with Integration of Renewable Energy, 15th Iran International Industrial Engineering Conference, Yazd-Iran, 47-51, 23-24 Ocak, 2019.
• 31. Boonraksa, T., Marungsri, B., Optimal Fast Charging Station Location for Public Electric Transportation in Smart Power Distribution Network, International Electrical Engineering Congress, Krabi-Thailand, , 7-9 Mart, 2018.
• 32. Bouguerra, S., Layeb, S.B., Optimal locations determination for an electric vehicle charging infrastructure in the city of tunis, tunisia, Euro-Mediterranean Conference for Environmental Integration, Sousse-Tunisia, 979-981, 20-25 Kasım 2017.
• 33. Xu, D., Pei, W., Zhang, Q., Optimal Planning of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations Considering User Satisfaction and Charging Convenience, Energies 15 (14), 2022.
• 34. Bao, Z., Xie, C., Optimal station locations for en-route charging of electric vehicles in congested intercity networks: A new problem formulation and exact and approximate partitioning algorithms, Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 133, 2021.
• 35. Hu, D., Zhang, J., Zhang, Q., Optimization design of electric vehicle charging stations based on the forecasting data with service balance consideration, Applied Soft Computing Journal, 75, 215-226, 2019.
• 36. Tu W., Li Q., Fang Z., Shaw S., Zhou B., Chang Z., Optimizing the locations of electric taxi charging stations: A spatial–temporal demand coverage approach, Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 65, 172-189, 2016.
• 37. Pradhan, S., Ghose, D., Uddin S., Planning and design of suitable sites for electric vehicle charging station- a case study, International Journal of Sustainable Engineering 14 (3), 404-418, 2021.
• 38. Zhu J., Li Y., Yang J., Li X., Zeng S., Chen Y., Planning of electric vehicle charging station based on queuing theory, 6th International Conference on Renewable Power Generation, Wuhan-Çin, 1867-1871, 19-20 Ekim, 2017.
• 39. Wei, G., Wei, C., Wu, J., Guo, Y., Probabilistic linguistic multiple attribute group decision making for location planning of electric vehicle charging stations based on the generalized Dice similarity measures, Artificial Intelligence Review, 54, 4137-4167, 2021.
• 40. Zheng, H., He, X., Li, Y., Peeta, S., Traffic Equilibrium and Charging Facility Locations for Electric Vehicles, Networks and Spatial Economics, 17, 435-457, 2017.
• 41. Fazeli, S.S., Venkatachalam, S., Chinnam, R.B., Murat, A., Two-Stage Stochastic Choice Modeling Approach for Electric Vehicle Charging Station Network Design in Urban Communities, IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 22 (5), 3038-3053, 2021.
• 42. Wang, Z.P., Liu, P., Han, H.B., Lu, C., Xin, T., A distribution model of electric vehicle charging station, Applied Mechanics and Materials, 44-47, 1543-1548, 2010.
• 43. Han, D., Ahn, Y., Park, S., Yeo, H., Trajectory-interception based method for electric vehicle taxi charging station problem with real taxi data, International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, 10 (8), 671-682, 2016.
• 44. Jia, J., Liu, C., Wan, T., Planning of the charging station for electric vehicles utilizing cellular signaling data, Sustainability, 11 (3), 2019.
• 45. Li, X., Jenn, A., An integrated optimization platform for spatial-temporal modeling of electric vehicle charging infrastructure, Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 104 , 2022.
• 46. Feng, J., Xu, S.X., Li, M., A novel multi-criteria decision-making method for selecting the site of an electric-vehicle charging station from a sustainable perspective, Sustainable Cities and Society, 65, 2021.
• 47. Liu J., Peper J., Lin G., Zhou Y., Awasthi S., Li Y., Rehtanz C., A planning strategy considering multiple factors for electric vehicle charging stations along German motorways, International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, 124, 2021.
• 48. Liu, X., Bi-level planning method of urban electric vehicle charging station considering multiple demand scenarios and multi-type charging piles, Journal of Energy Storage, 48, 2022.
• 49. Wang, C., He, F., Lin, X., Shen, Z.J.M., Li, M., Designing locations and capacities for charging stations to support intercity travel of electric vehicles: An expanded network approach, Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 102, 210-232, 2019.
• 50. Bouguerra, S., Bhar Layeb, S., Determining optimal deployment of electric vehicles charging stations: Case of Tunis City, Tunisia, Case Studies on Transport Policy, 7, 628-642, 2019.
• 51. Kchaou Boujelben, M., Gicquel, C., Efficient solution approaches for locating electric vehicle fast charging stations under driving range uncertainty, Computers and Operations Research, 109, 288-299, 2019.
• 52. Yazdekhasti, A., Jazi, M.A., Ma, J., Electric vehicle charging station location determination with consideration of routing selection policies and driver’s risk preference, Computers and Industrial Engineering, 162, 2021.
• 53. Huang, Y., Kockelman, K.M., Electric vehicle charging station locations: Elastic demand, station congestion, and network equilibrium, Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 78, 2020.
• 54. Rani, P., Mishra, A.R., Fermatean fuzzy Einstein aggregation operators-based MULTIMOORA method for electric vehicle charging station selection Expert Systems with Applications, 182, 2021.
• 55. Kınay, Ö.B., Gzara, F., Alumur, S.A., Full cover charging station location problem with routing Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, 144, 1-22, 2021.
• 56. Kchaou Boujelben, M., Gicquel, C., Locating electric vehicle charging stations under uncertain battery energy status and power consumption, Computers and Industrial Engineering, 149, 2020.
• 57. Zhang, H., Tang, L., Yang, C., Lan, S., Locating electric vehicle charging stations with service capacity using the improved whale optimization algorithm, Advanced Engineering Informatics, 41, 2019.
• 58. He, Y., Kockelman, K.M., Perrine, K.A., Optimal locations of U.S. fast charging stations for long-distance trip completion by battery electric vehicles, Journal of Cleaner Production, 214, 452-461, 2019.
• 59. Fredriksson, H., Dahl, M., Holmgren, J., Optimal placement of charging stations for electric vehicles in large-scale transportation networks, 10th International Conference on Emerging Ubiquitous Systems and Pervasive Networks, Coimbra-Portugal, 77–84, 4-7 Kasım, 2019.
• 60. Gavranović H., Barut A., Ertek G., Yüzbaşıoğlu O.B., Pekpostalcı O., Tombuş Ö., Optimizing the electric charge station network of EŞARJ, 2nd International Conference on Information Technology and Quantitative Management, Moscow-Russia, 15-21, 3-5 Haziran, 2014.
• 61. Kong, W., Luo, Y., Feng, G., Li, K., Peng, H., Optimal location planning method of fast charging station for electric vehicles considering operators, drivers, vehicles, traffic flow and power grid, Energy, 186, 2019.
• 62. Wang, Y., Shi, J., Wang, R., Liu, Z., Wang, L., Siting and sizing of fast charging stations in highway network with budget constraint, Applied Energy, 228, 1255-1271, 2018.
• 63. Huang, K., Kanaroglou, P., Zhang, X., The design of electric vehicle charging network, Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 49, 1-17, 2016.
• 64. Yıldız, B., Olcaytu, E., Şen, A., The urban recharging infrastructure design problem with stochastic demands and capacitated charging stations, Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, 119, 22-44, 2019.
• 65. Chen, Z., Li, C., Chen, X., Yang, Q., Towards optimal planning of EV charging stations under grid constraints IFAC-PapersOnLine, 53, 14103–14108, 2020.
• 66. MirHassani, S.A., Khaleghi, A., Hooshmand, F., Two-stage stochastic programming model to locate capacitated EV-charging stations in urban areas under demand uncertainty, EURO Journal on Transportation and Logistics, 9, 2020.
• 67. Li, J., Xie, C., Bao, Z., Optimal en-route charging station locations for electric vehicles: A new modeling perspective and a comparative evaluation of network-based and metanetwork-based approaches, Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 142, 2021.
• 68. T. C. Sanayi ve Teknoloji Bakanlığı İstanbul Kalkınma Ajansı. İstanbul İli Elektrikli Araçlar İçin Şarj İstasyonu Kurulumu Ön Fizibilite Raporu. https://www.istka.org.tr/media/pdf/o5T8CmtWn9CDypaBhIYt9EqEZOFm8EzPZroD8B4oK9yOyDKD3QTR.pdf. Yayın tarihi Nisan 21, 2022.
• 69. T. C. Sanayi ve Teknoloji Bakanlığı. İlçelerin Sosyo-Ekonomik Gelişmişlik Sıralaması Araştırması Sege-2017. https://www.sanayi.gov.tr/merkez-birimi/b94224510b7b/sege/ilce-sege-raporlari. 2017.
• 70. Keçeci B., Dengiz O., Dengiz B., Sümer E., Kılıç A., Çeki E., İnan B., Çiçek S., WEEE estimation and determination of collection points: A case for the Municipality of Çankaya, Pamukkale University Journal of Engineering Sciences, 24 (4), 692-704, 2018.
• 71. Arora, R.K., Optimization: algorithms and applications, CRC Press, 2015.
• 72. Mavrotas, G., Effective implementation of the e-constraint method in Multi-Objective Mathematical Programming problems, Applied Mathematics and Computation, 213, 455-465, 2009.
• 73. Mavrotas, G., Florios, K., AUGMECON2: A novel version of the ε-constraint method for finding the exact Pareto set in Multi-Objective Integer Programming problems.
• 74. Parvizi, M., Shadkam, E., Jahani, N., A Hybrid COA/ε-Constraint Method for Solving Multi-Objective Problems, International Journal in Foundations of Computer Science & Technology, 5, 27-40, 2015.
• 75. Rabbani, M., Mokarrari, K.R., Akbarian-saravi, N., A multi-objective location inventory routing problem with pricing decisions in a sustainable waste management system, Sustainable Cities and Society, 75, 2021.
• 76. Govindan, K., Nosrati-Abarghooee, S., Nasiri, M.M., Jolai, F., Green reverse logistics network design for medical 25 waste management: A circular economy transition through case approach, Journal of Environmental Management, 322, 2022.