Çok dönemli güvenlik hizmetleri çizelgelemesi için hedef programlama tabanlı bir yaklaşım

Öz

7 gün 24 saat kesintisiz hizmet verilme gereksinimi nedeniyle, güvenlik hizmetlerinin çizelgelenmesi genellikle vardiya sisteminin uygulanmasını gerektirmekte ve önemli yönetimsel zorluklar doğurabilmektedir. Vardiya çizelgesi oluşturulurken, çalışanların sadece çalışma günleri sayılarının değil aynı zamanda vardiya sayılarının eşitliği, ardışık olarak çalışılabilecek maksimum gün sayısı ve vardiya geçişleriyle ilgili iş kanununda belirtilen bazı insani unsurların da dikkate alınması gerekmektedir. Söz konusu kısıtlar altında, güvenlik hizmetleri için ideal bir vardiya çizelgesi oluşturmak, özellikle insan sayısının ve planlama döneminin uzunluğundaki artışlarla büyük ölçekli gerçek hayat problemleri için daha da zor bir problem haline gelmektedir. Planlama döneminin daha kısa periyotlara bölünmesiyle problem boyutlarının önemli ölçüde azaltılması söz konusu zorluğun aşılmasında yardımcı olabilir. Ancak bunun yapılması, ardışık dönemlerin çizelgelerini ilişkilendirmek için esnek bir yaklaşım gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada, ardışık dönemlerin çizelgelerini esnek bir şekilde ilişkilendirmek için bir yaklaşım sunulmakta ve bunu etkin bir şekilde ele alan bir tamsayı-hedef programlama formülasyonu önerilmektedir. Ayrıca, önerilen yaklaşımın performansı, yüz kişilik bir güvenlik ekibinin bir yıl boyunca aylık çizelgelerinin oluşturulmasını içeren gerçekçi bir problem üzerinde gösterilmiştir. Sonuçlar incelendiğinde, aylık vardiya çizelgelerinin birkaç dakika içinde oluşturabildiği gözlemlenmiş ve önerilen yaklaşımın iş mevzuatına uygun, adaletli ve verimli bir şekilde gerçek hayat vardiya çizelgeleme problemlerinde kullanım potansiyeli olabileceği düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Güvenlik hizmetleri
• çok dönemli personel çizelgeleme
• işgücü planlaması
• tamsayılı programlama
• hedef programlama

A goal programming-based approach for multi-period security services scheduling

Öz

A shift system implementation is usually required in scheduling security services which also causes important managerial challenges due to the necessity of the 7 days-24 hours continuous nature of the corresponding services. In the construction of a shift schedule, it is also necessary to consider some criteria about the humanitarian issues, such as the equality of not only the number workdays but also the number of shifts for each person as well as the ones imposed by the corresponding labor law legislation usually about the maximum number of workdays and shift transitions. Construction of an ideal schedule for security services under the aforementioned constraints is thus a challenging task, especially for the large-sized real-life problems due to the increases in both the number of people and the length of the planning horizon. An idea to deal with the curse of dimensionality in the shift-scheduling problem is dividing a planning horizon into shorter periods, which might reduce problem size significantly; however, it also requires a flexible approach for relating the solutions of the consecutive periods. Such a flexible approach for relating the corresponding schedules of the consecutive periods is proposed in this study where we propose an integer-goal programming formulation that efficiently handles the issue. We also illustrate its performance on a real-life problem involving the construction of the monthly schedules in a year for a security team of a hundred people. It is noted from the computational experiments that the proposed formulation is able to construct the corresponding monthly schedules in a few minutes, implying its potential for use real-life shift scheduling problems.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Security services
• multi-period personnel scheduling
• workforce planning
• integer programming
• goal programming

Kaynakça

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