Yıl 2025,
, 573 - 586, 16.08.2024
Cemil Işılak
,
Gonca Esmer Ünal
,
Gürkan Yılmazoğlu
,
Uğur Üzel
,
Rafet Durgut
,
Agah Uğuz
Kaynakça
- 1. Matrukanitz RP., Selection and weldability of heat-treatable aluminum alloys. ASM Handbook-Welding, Brazing and Soldering, 6, 528–536, 1990.
- 2. Balasubramanian V., Ravisankar V., & Madhusudhan Reddy G., Effect of pulsed current welding on mechanical properties of high strength aluminum alloy, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 36, 254-262, 2008.
- 3. Reddy G.M., Gokhale A. A., & Rao K. P., Optimisation of pulse frequency in pulsed current gas tungsten arc welding of aluminium–lithium alloy sheets, Materials Science and Technology, 14 (1), 61-66, 1998.
- 4. Eryürek İ., Barlas., Gazaltı ark kaynağı, İTÜ Yayınları, 1, 2007.
- 5. Ahmad Z., (Ed.)., Recent trends in processing and degradation of aluminium alloys, BoD–Books on Demand, 64, 2011.
- 6. Poyraz Ö., Kuşhan M.C., Investigation of the effect of different process parameters for laser additive manufacturing of metals, Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 33 (2), 730-742, 2018.
- 7. Nobrega G., Souza M.S., Rodríguez-Martín M., Rodríguez-Gonzálvez P., & Ribeiro J., Parametric optimization of the GMAW welding process in thin thickness of austenitic stainless steel by Taguchi method, Applied Sciences, 11 (18), 8742 2021.
- 8. Gülcan O., Şimşek U., Özdemir M., Günaydın K., Tekoğlu E., The effect of build parameters on distortion, dimensional deviation and surface roughness of laser powder bed fusion built lattice structures, Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 39 (1), 101-111, 2024.
- 9. Kerr H., W., & Katoh M., Investigation of heat-affected zone cracking of GMA welds of Al-Mg-Si alloys using the Varestraint test, Welding Journal, 66, 1987.
- 10. Huang L., Hua X., Wu., D., Jiang Z., Li F., Wang H., & Shi S., Microstructural characterization of 5083 aluminum alloy thick plates welded with GMAW and twin wire GMAW processes, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 93, 1809-1817, 2017.
- 11. Nuñez E., E., N., Unfried Silgado J., Torres Salcedo J., E., & Ramírez, A., J., Influence of gas mixtures Ar-He and Ar-He-O2 on weldability of aluminum alloy AA5083-O using automated GMAW-P, Welding international, 30 (6), 423-431, 2016.
- 12. Zhang C, Bao Y, Zhu H, et al. A comparison between laser and TIG welding of selective laser melted AlSi10Mg, Opt Laser Technol., 120, 105696, 2019.
- 13. Nahmany M, Rosenthal I, Benishti I, et al., Electron beam welding of AlSi10Mg workpieces produced by selected laser melting additive manufacturing technology, Addit Manuf., 8, 63–70, 2015.
- 14. Shribman V, Nahmany M, Levi S, et al., MP welding of dissimilar materials: AM laser powder-bed fusion AlSi10Mg to wrought AA6060-T6, Prog Addit Manuf., 5, 171–181, 2020.
- 15. Scherillo F, Astarita A, Prisco U, et al., Friction stir welding of AlSi10Mg plates produced by selective laser melting, Metallogr Microstruct Anal., 7, 457–463, 2018.
- 16. Minhas N., Sharma V., & Bhadauria S.S., A review on weldability and corrosion behaviour of L-PBF printed AlSi10Mg alloy, Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly, 1-33, 2022.
- 17. Nunes R, Faes K, De Waele W, Simar A, Verlinde W, Lezaack M, Sneyers W, Arnhold J, A Review on the Weldability of Additively Manufactured Aluminium Parts by Fusion and Solid-State Welding Processes, Metals, 13 (10), 1724, 2023.
- 18. SLM Solutions, https://www.slm-solutions.com/products-and-solutions/powders/, Erişim tarihi Aralık 2023.
- 19. Cao G., & Kou S., Liquation cracking in full penetration Al-Si welds, Welding Journal, 84, 63-71, 2005.
- 20. Tewari SP et al., Effect of welding parameters on the weld- ability of materials: improve in effectiveness, Int J Eng Sci Tech- nol., 2 (4), 512–516, 2010.
- 21. Tesfaye F.K., Parameter optimizations of GMAW process for dissimilar steel welding, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 1-8, 2023.
- 22. Lakshminarayanan A.K., Balasubramanian V., & Elangovan K., Effect of welding processes on tensile properties of AA6061 aluminium alloy joints, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 40, 286-296, 2009.
- 23. Kuang X., Qi B., & Zheng H., Effect of pulse mode and frequency on microstructure and properties of 2219 aluminum alloy by ultrahigh-frequency pulse Metal-Inert Gas Welding. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 20, 3391-3407, 2022.
- 24. Li Z., Li Z., Tan Z., Xiong D.B., & Guo Q., Stress relaxation and the cellular structure-dependence of plastic deformation in additively manufactured AlSi10Mg alloys, International Journal of Plasticity, 127, 102640, 2020.
- 25. Sagheer-Abbasi Y., Ikramullah-Butt S., Hussain G., Imran S. H., Mohammad-Khan A., & Baseer R. A., Optimization of parameters for micro friction stir welding of aluminum 5052 using Taguchi technique, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 102, 369-378, 2019.
- 26. Min S.Y., Kwang S.S., & Nack J.K., Effect of Mg2Si Particles on the Elevated Temperature Tensile Properties of Squeeze-Cast Mg-Al Alloys, Metallurgical And Materials Transactions A, 35, 1629, 2004.
- 27. Oliveira J.P., Santos T.G., & Miranda R.M., Revisiting fundamental welding concepts to improve additive manufacturing: From theory to practice. Progress in Materials Science, 107, 100590, 2020.
- 28. Da Silva C.L.M., & Scotti A., The influence of double pulse on porosity formation in aluminum GMAW, Journal of materials processing technology, 171 (3), 366-372, 2006.
- 29. Beckmann, F., & Emmelmann, C., Optimization of the weldability of laser additive manufactured aluminum by means of hydrogen minimization in the component and welding parameter optimization, In Proceedings of Lasers in Manufacturing Conference, 2019.
Eklemeli imalat ile üretilen AlSi10Mg plakalarının MIG yöntemiyle birleştirilmesi ve kaynak parametrelerinin optimizasyonu
Yıl 2025,
, 573 - 586, 16.08.2024
Cemil Işılak
,
Gonca Esmer Ünal
,
Gürkan Yılmazoğlu
,
Uğur Üzel
,
Rafet Durgut
,
Agah Uğuz
Öz
Eklemeli imalat teknolojisinin hızlı prototipleme, tasarım özgürlüğü, özgün parça üretimi gibi birçok avantajı olduğu gibi bazı dezavantajları da bulunmaktadır. Bu dezavantajlardan biri de sınırlı üretim hacimleri ile üretim yapılabilmesidir. Bu nedenle bilim insanları eklemeli imalat yöntemiyle üretilen parçaların birleştirilmesi üzerine birçok araştırma yürütmektedir. AlSi10Mg alaşımı, mekanik özellikleri ve hafifliği nedeniyle bu araştırmalar arasında yer almaktadır. Bu çalışma, SLM (Seçici lazer eritme) yöntemiyle üretilen AlSi10Mg plakalarının GMAW (Gaz metal ark kaynağı) prosesi ile kaynaklanabilirliğinin araştırılmasına ve ardından kaynak bölgesi sertliği ve çekme mukavemeti için kaynak parametrelerinin optimize edilmesine odaklanmaktadır. Optimizasyon kapsamında incelenen parametreler voltaj, akım ve kaynak dolgu malzemeleridir. Kaynak bölgesinin sertlik optimizasyonunda elde edilen en uygun parametreler 20,6 V, 120 A, 5356 (AlMg5) olarak belirlenmiştir. Çekme mukavemeti optimizasyonu için ise en uygun parametreler 20,6 V, 110 A ve 4047 (AlSi12) olarak belirlenmiştir. Tüm bunlara ek olarak hem en iyi çekme mukavemeti performansını sağlayan hem kabul edilebilir kaynak bölgesi sertliği sunan hem de piyasada nispeten kolay ulaşılabilirliğe sahip olan 4047 dolgu malzemesinin bu çalışma için en uygun kaynak dolgu malzemesi olduğu düşünülmektedir.
Destekleyen Kurum
TÜBİTAK
Teşekkür
Bu araştırma TÜBİTAK 2244 sanayi doktora programı (proje 118C083) yardımıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Birinci yazar burslu olduğu TÜBİTAK'a teşekkürlerini borç bilir. Yazarlar ayrıca TÜBİTAK ile birlikte bu projeye mali destek ve test imkanlarını sağlayan TOFAŞ A.Ş.'ye de teşekkürlerini borç bilir.
Kaynakça
- 1. Matrukanitz RP., Selection and weldability of heat-treatable aluminum alloys. ASM Handbook-Welding, Brazing and Soldering, 6, 528–536, 1990.
- 2. Balasubramanian V., Ravisankar V., & Madhusudhan Reddy G., Effect of pulsed current welding on mechanical properties of high strength aluminum alloy, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 36, 254-262, 2008.
- 3. Reddy G.M., Gokhale A. A., & Rao K. P., Optimisation of pulse frequency in pulsed current gas tungsten arc welding of aluminium–lithium alloy sheets, Materials Science and Technology, 14 (1), 61-66, 1998.
- 4. Eryürek İ., Barlas., Gazaltı ark kaynağı, İTÜ Yayınları, 1, 2007.
- 5. Ahmad Z., (Ed.)., Recent trends in processing and degradation of aluminium alloys, BoD–Books on Demand, 64, 2011.
- 6. Poyraz Ö., Kuşhan M.C., Investigation of the effect of different process parameters for laser additive manufacturing of metals, Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 33 (2), 730-742, 2018.
- 7. Nobrega G., Souza M.S., Rodríguez-Martín M., Rodríguez-Gonzálvez P., & Ribeiro J., Parametric optimization of the GMAW welding process in thin thickness of austenitic stainless steel by Taguchi method, Applied Sciences, 11 (18), 8742 2021.
- 8. Gülcan O., Şimşek U., Özdemir M., Günaydın K., Tekoğlu E., The effect of build parameters on distortion, dimensional deviation and surface roughness of laser powder bed fusion built lattice structures, Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 39 (1), 101-111, 2024.
- 9. Kerr H., W., & Katoh M., Investigation of heat-affected zone cracking of GMA welds of Al-Mg-Si alloys using the Varestraint test, Welding Journal, 66, 1987.
- 10. Huang L., Hua X., Wu., D., Jiang Z., Li F., Wang H., & Shi S., Microstructural characterization of 5083 aluminum alloy thick plates welded with GMAW and twin wire GMAW processes, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 93, 1809-1817, 2017.
- 11. Nuñez E., E., N., Unfried Silgado J., Torres Salcedo J., E., & Ramírez, A., J., Influence of gas mixtures Ar-He and Ar-He-O2 on weldability of aluminum alloy AA5083-O using automated GMAW-P, Welding international, 30 (6), 423-431, 2016.
- 12. Zhang C, Bao Y, Zhu H, et al. A comparison between laser and TIG welding of selective laser melted AlSi10Mg, Opt Laser Technol., 120, 105696, 2019.
- 13. Nahmany M, Rosenthal I, Benishti I, et al., Electron beam welding of AlSi10Mg workpieces produced by selected laser melting additive manufacturing technology, Addit Manuf., 8, 63–70, 2015.
- 14. Shribman V, Nahmany M, Levi S, et al., MP welding of dissimilar materials: AM laser powder-bed fusion AlSi10Mg to wrought AA6060-T6, Prog Addit Manuf., 5, 171–181, 2020.
- 15. Scherillo F, Astarita A, Prisco U, et al., Friction stir welding of AlSi10Mg plates produced by selective laser melting, Metallogr Microstruct Anal., 7, 457–463, 2018.
- 16. Minhas N., Sharma V., & Bhadauria S.S., A review on weldability and corrosion behaviour of L-PBF printed AlSi10Mg alloy, Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly, 1-33, 2022.
- 17. Nunes R, Faes K, De Waele W, Simar A, Verlinde W, Lezaack M, Sneyers W, Arnhold J, A Review on the Weldability of Additively Manufactured Aluminium Parts by Fusion and Solid-State Welding Processes, Metals, 13 (10), 1724, 2023.
- 18. SLM Solutions, https://www.slm-solutions.com/products-and-solutions/powders/, Erişim tarihi Aralık 2023.
- 19. Cao G., & Kou S., Liquation cracking in full penetration Al-Si welds, Welding Journal, 84, 63-71, 2005.
- 20. Tewari SP et al., Effect of welding parameters on the weld- ability of materials: improve in effectiveness, Int J Eng Sci Tech- nol., 2 (4), 512–516, 2010.
- 21. Tesfaye F.K., Parameter optimizations of GMAW process for dissimilar steel welding, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 1-8, 2023.
- 22. Lakshminarayanan A.K., Balasubramanian V., & Elangovan K., Effect of welding processes on tensile properties of AA6061 aluminium alloy joints, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 40, 286-296, 2009.
- 23. Kuang X., Qi B., & Zheng H., Effect of pulse mode and frequency on microstructure and properties of 2219 aluminum alloy by ultrahigh-frequency pulse Metal-Inert Gas Welding. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 20, 3391-3407, 2022.
- 24. Li Z., Li Z., Tan Z., Xiong D.B., & Guo Q., Stress relaxation and the cellular structure-dependence of plastic deformation in additively manufactured AlSi10Mg alloys, International Journal of Plasticity, 127, 102640, 2020.
- 25. Sagheer-Abbasi Y., Ikramullah-Butt S., Hussain G., Imran S. H., Mohammad-Khan A., & Baseer R. A., Optimization of parameters for micro friction stir welding of aluminum 5052 using Taguchi technique, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 102, 369-378, 2019.
- 26. Min S.Y., Kwang S.S., & Nack J.K., Effect of Mg2Si Particles on the Elevated Temperature Tensile Properties of Squeeze-Cast Mg-Al Alloys, Metallurgical And Materials Transactions A, 35, 1629, 2004.
- 27. Oliveira J.P., Santos T.G., & Miranda R.M., Revisiting fundamental welding concepts to improve additive manufacturing: From theory to practice. Progress in Materials Science, 107, 100590, 2020.
- 28. Da Silva C.L.M., & Scotti A., The influence of double pulse on porosity formation in aluminum GMAW, Journal of materials processing technology, 171 (3), 366-372, 2006.
- 29. Beckmann, F., & Emmelmann, C., Optimization of the weldability of laser additive manufactured aluminum by means of hydrogen minimization in the component and welding parameter optimization, In Proceedings of Lasers in Manufacturing Conference, 2019.