Yanıt yüzeyi yöntemi ile üniversite binasında enerji tüketimini optimize etmek için kullanıcı yoğunluğunun yön etkisiyle birlikte analiz edilmesi

Öz

Üniversite binaları, genellikle enerji tüketimi yüksek olan binalardır. Bu nedenle üniversite binaları enerji tasarrufunu sağlamak ve karbon salımını azaltmada önemli bir rol oynar. Son yıllarda öğrenci ve üniversite binası sayısında önemli artışlar görülür. Bu artış, mekânların etkin kullanımının önemini arttırmaktadır. Çoğunlukla üniversite binaları mekân yerleşimleri ve doluluk oranlarına dikkat edilmeden ısıtma ve soğutması yapılmaktadır. Farklı yönlere bakan sınıflardaki optimum doluluk oranları ile bina enerji verimliliğini iyileştirmeyi amaçlayan bu çalışmada, hesaplamalı simülasyon ve çok amaçlı optimizasyonu bütünleştiren RSM yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışmada, bina simülasyonu için öncelikle bina doluluk oranları hesaplanmış ve hesaplamalar doğrultusunda çok amaçlı optimizasyon için tasarım çözümleri üretilmiştir. Farklı dönemlerde enerji tüketimlerine ait arzu edilebilirliğin yüksek olduğu optimum çözümlere ait doluluk oranları aynı döneme ait sabah ve öğleden sonraki periyotlarda farklılık göstermesi en dikkat çekici bulgulardandır. Optimum çözümler ile ısıtma tüketiminde yaklaşık %2, soğutma tüketiminde ise %9,3 oranında enerji tasarrufu sağlanmıştır. Ayrıca ısıtma amaçlı enerji tüketimi için en etkili parametre kuzey yönlü doluluk oranı iken soğutma amaçlı enerji tüketimi için en etkili parametrenin batı yönlü doluluk oranı olmuştur. Doğu yönlü doluluk oranının ise en az etkili parametre olduğu bulunmuştur. Bu çalışma, eğitim binalarında enerji tasarrufu için mekân kullanımı ve yerleşimi konusunda yapılacak gelecekteki araştırmalara yeni bir bakış sunmayı hedeflemektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Mekân doluluğu
• çok amaçlı optimizasyon
• yanıt yüzeyi yöntemi
• enerji verimliliği
• eğitim binalarında mekân kullanımı

Analyzing occupancy density with directional effect to optimize energy consumption in a university building using the response surface method

Öz

University buildings are generally buildings with high energy consumption. Therefore, university buildings play an important role in saving energy and reducing carbon emissions. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the number of students and university buildings. This increase increases the importance of effective use of spaces. Mostly, university buildings are heated and cooled without paying attention to space layouts and occupancy rates. In this study, which aims to improve building energy efficiency with optimum occupancy rates in classrooms facing different directions, the RSM method integrating computational simulation and multi-objective optimization was used. In this study, building occupancy rates were first calculated for building simulation and design solutions were produced for multi-objective optimization in line with the calculations. One of the most important findings is that the occupancy rates of optimum solutions, where the desirability of energy consumption is high in different periods, differ in the morning and afternoon periods of the same period. With optimum solutions, energy savings of approximately 2% in heating consumption and 9.3% in cooling consumption were achieved. In addition, the most effective parameter for energy consumption for heating purposes was the northern occupancy rate, while the most effective parameter for energy consumption for cooling purposes was the western occupancy rate. Eastern occupancy rate was found to be the least effective parameter. This study aims to provide a new perspective on future research on space use and layout for energy saving in educational buildings.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Building occupancy
• multi-objective optimization
• response surface method
• energy efficiency
• use of space in educational buildings.

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