Konutlarda ısıtma ve soğutma yükleri altında optimum ısı yalıtım kalınlığının enerji performansına etkisi: Antalya örneği

Öz

Dünya nüfusundaki artış ve konut talebinin büyümesi, enerji talebini artırarak çevresel sorunları derinleştirmiştir. Türkiye, 2021 yılında Paris İklim Anlaşması'na taraf olarak enerji verimliliğini artırma ve sera gazı emisyonlarını azaltma taahhüdünde bulunmuştur. Türkiye’nin inşaat sektöründeki yoğun yapı stoku ve yüksek enerji tüketimi, enerji verimli bina tasarımını zorunlu hale getirmiştir. Özellikle binalarda enerji tüketiminin büyük bir kısmının ısıtma amaçlı kullanılması, ısı yalıtımını kritik bir unsur haline getirmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’nin 1. Derece-Gün Bölgesinde yer alan Antalya’da, farklı yapı elemanları (duvar (blok bims, delikli tuğla, gazbeton), betonarme duvar, çatı, toprak temaslı döşeme) ve yalıtım malzemeleri (xps, eps, camyünü, taşyünü) kullanılarak optimum enerji etkin bina kabuğu tasarımı yapılmıştır. Binalarda ısıtma ve soğutma enerji ihtiyacı, enerji tasarrufu, geri ödeme süresi ve çevresel etkiler Yaşam Döngüsü Maliyet Analizine (YDMA) dayalı statik yöntemle elde edilmiştir. Optimum ısı yalıtım kalınlıkları 0,026-0,111 m arasında, enerji tasarrufu 1,09-52,15 $/m²yıl ve geri ödeme süresi 0,4-3,4 yıl olarak hesaplanmıştır. Optimum yalıtım malzemesi EPS olarak belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen optimum yalıtım kalınlıkları, Baz Bina Modellerine uygulanarak Tasarım Bina Modelleri oluşturulmuştur. Tasarım Bina Modellerinde ısıtma enerji tüketimi %35,09-%45,72, toplam enerji tüketimi ise %3,10-%8,70 oranında azalmıştır. EnergyPlus yazılımı ile yapılan saatlik analizlerle enerji tüketim-maliyet ilişkisi incelenmiş, optimum yalıtım uygulamasının bina maliyetini ortalama 5,4 $/m² artırdığı görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Enerji verimli binalar
• ısı yalıtım kalınlığı
• yaşam döngüsü maliyet analizi
• termal dinamik simülasyon
• termal konfor

The effect of optimum thermal insulation thickness on energy performance under heating and cooling loads in residential buildings: A case study of Antalya

Öz

The increase in the world population and the growth in housing demand have deepened environmental problems by increasing energy demand. As a party to the Paris Climate Agreement in 2021, Türkiye committed to increase energy efficiency and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The dense building stock and high energy consumption in Türkiye's construction sector has made energy efficient building design mandatory. In particular, the fact that most of the energy consumption in buildings is used for heating makes thermal insulation a critical element. In this study, an optimum energy-efficient building envelope was designed using different building elements (wall (block bims, hollow brick, aerated concrete), reinforced concrete wall, roof flooring, earth contact flooring) and insulation materials (xps, eps, glasswool, rockwool) in Antalya, located in the 1st Degree-Day Zone of Türkiye. Heating and cooling energy demand, energy savings, payback period and environmental impacts are obtained by static method based on Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA). Optimum thermal insulation thicknesses between 0.026-0.111 m, energy savings 1.09-52.15 $/m²year and payback period 0.4-3.4 years were calculated. The optimum insulation material was determined as EPS. Design Building Models were created by applying the obtained optimum insulation thicknesses to the Base Building Models. In Design Building Models, heating energy consumption decreased by 35.09%-45.72% and total energy consumption decreased by 3.10%-8.70%. The energy consumption-cost relationship was analysed by hourly analyses with EnergyPlus software and it was seen that the optimum insulation application increased the building cost by 5.4 $/m² on average.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Energy efficient buildings
• thermal insulation thickness
• life cycle cost analysis
• thermal dynamic simulation
• thermal comfort

Kaynakça

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