The effects of Nb content on the glass forming ability, thermal stability, and hardness properties of Ni-Co-W-B bulk metallic glasses

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 41 Sayı: 1 , 349 - 356 , 31.03.2026

Hakan Şahin , Aytekin Hitit , Ziya Özgür Yazıcı

https://doi.org/10.17341/gazimmfd.1656203

https://izlik.org/JA56MZ75UP

Öz

In this study, the effects of reducing the amount of W element and adding Nb element in the bulk metallic glass alloy Ni36.3Co25NbxW(23.7-x)B15 (x = 2–10) on the glass forming ability (GFA), thermal stability and microhardness properties of the alloy were investigated. The purpose of adding Nb element to the alloy is to increase the glass forming ability of the alloy and thus increase the potential of using metallic glasses as precursors in the production of metal matrix composite materials with high toughness and high hardness. It was found that the addition of Nb to the Ni36.3Co25W23.7B15 alloy increased the GFA of the alloy from 0.5 mm to 1 mm and increased the crystallization temperature (Tx) from 909 K to 942 K. However, it was observed that as the amount of Nb added to the alloy increased, the probability of precipitation of the Ni₃(NbW) phase also increased, and although it doubled the GFA of the alloy, it was determined that it also caused it to remain limited to 1 mm. The improved GFA and Tx in Ni-Co-W-B alloys increases the potential of these alloys to be used as precursors for tough and hard composites. Additionally, no major change was observed in the microhardness values of the developed alloys.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bulk metallic glasses , glass forming ability , thermal properties

Proje Numarası

214M111

Ni-Co-W-B iri hacimli metalik cam alaşımına Nb ilavesinin alaşımın camlaşma kabiliyeti, termal stabilitesi ve sertlik özelliklerine etkisinin incelenmesi

https://izlik.org/JA56MZ75UP

Öz

Bu çalışmada, Ni36.3Co25NbxW(23.7-x)B15 (x = 2–10) iri hacimli metalik cam alaşımındaki W elementi miktarı azaltılarak Nb elementinin eklenmesi ile alaşımın camlaşma kabiliyeti (GFA), termal kararlılığı ve mikrosertlik özellikleri üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmıştır. Alaşıma Nb elementi eklenmesindeki amaç alaşımın camlaşma kabiliyetini arttırarak, yüksek tokluk ve yüksek sertliğe sahip metal matrisli kompozit malzeme üretiminde metalik camların öncül olarak kullanım potansiyelini arttırmaktır. Ni36.3Co25W23.7B15 alaşımına Nb eklenmesi, alaşımın GFA'sını 0,5 mm'den 1 mm'ye çıkarmış ve kristalleşme sıcaklığını (Tx) 909 K'den 942 K'ye çıkardığı tespit edilmiştir. Ancak alaşıma eklenen Nb miktarı artıkça Ni₃(NbW) fazının çökelme olasılığının da arttığı gözlemlenmiş ve hernekadar alaşımın GFA’sını iki katına çıkarsa da 1mm ile sınırlı kalmasına da neden olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ni-Co-W-B alaşımlarındaki iyileştirilmiş GFA ve Tx, bu alaşımların tok ve sert kompozitler için öncül olarak kullanım potansiyellerini artırmaktadır. Ayrıca geliştirilen alaşımların mikrosertlik değerlerinde büyük bir değişim gözlemlenmemiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İri hacimli metalik camlar , camlaşma kabiliyeti , termal özellikler , metal matrisli kompozitler

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma kapsamında herhangi bir çıkar çatışması bulunmamaktadır. İnsan veya hayvan denekler üzerinde deneysel bir çalışma gerçekleştirilmemiştir, bu nedenle etik kurul onayı gerekmemektedir. Tüm yazarlar, makalede belirtilen katkıları kabul etmekte ve makalenin yayımlanmasını onaylamaktadır.

Destekleyen Kurum

Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu (TÜBİTAK)

Proje Numarası

214M111

Teşekkür

Bu çalışma, Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu (TÜBİTAK) tarafından 214M111 proje numarasıyla desteklenmiştir.

Kaynakça

• 1. Klement, W., Willen, R. H., Duwez, P., Non-crystalline structure in solidified gold–silicon alloys, Nature, 187 (4740), 869–870, 1960.
• 2. Inoue, A., Takeuchi, A., Recent development and application products of bulk glassy alloys, Acta Material, 59 (6), 2243–2267, 2011.
• 3. D.,C., Hofmann, Andersen, L., M., Kolodziejska, J., Roberts, S., N., Borgonia, J., P., Johnson, William, L., Kenneth, S., V., Kennett, A. Optimizing bulk metallic glasses for robust, highly wear-resistant gears, Advanced Engineering Materials, 19 (1), 1-10, 2017.
• 4. Lindroos, V., K., Talvitie, M. J., Recent advances in metal matrix composites, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 53, 273-284, 1995.
• 5. Suresh Kumar, S., Thirumalai Kumaran, S., Velmurugan, G., Perumal, A., Sekar, S., Uthayakumar, M., Physical and mechanical properties of various metal matrix composites: A review, Materials Today: Proceedings, 50 (5), 1022-1031, 2022.
• 6. Şenel M.C., Taşkın A., Demir M., Gürbüz M., The effect of induction heat treatment on mechanical and tribological properties of Si3N4 and graphene reinforced Al6061 matrix composites, Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 39 (3), 1567-1581, 2024.
• 7. Rashid, A. L., Muhammad, J., Asif, A. L., Aqib, M. K., Material characteristics and machinability of metal matrix composite materials: A critical review on recent advances and future perspectives, Measurement, 242 (B), 115839, 2025.
• 8. Jayalakshmi, S., Arvind Singh, R., Gupta, M., Metallic glasses as potential reinforcements in al and mgmatrices: A Review, Technologies, 6 (2), 1-17, 2018.
• 9. Fornell, J., Gonzalez, S., Rossinyol, E., Surinach, S., Enhanced mechanical properties due to structural changes induced by devitrification in Fe–Co–B–Si–Nb bulk metallic glass, Acta Materialia, 58 (18), 6256–6266, 2010.
• 10. Han, J., Wang, C., Kou, S., Liu, X., Thermal stability, crystallization behavior, vickers hardness and magnetic properties of Fe−Co−Ni−Cr−Mo−C−B−Y bulk metallic glasses, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc., 23 (1), 148−155, 2013.
• 11. Hitit, A. Geçgin, M. Öztürk, P., effect of annealing on microstructure and microhardness of Co-Fe-Ni-Ta-B-Si bulk metallic glass, J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 31 (2), 148-152, 2015.
• 12. Hitit, A., Yazıcı, Z. Ö., Şahin, H., Öztürk, P., Aşgın, A. M. Hitit, B., A novel Ni-based bulk metallic glass containing high amount of tungsten and boron, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 807, 151661, 2019.
• 13. Zakharıev, Z. Zlateva, R., Petrov, K., Microhardness and high-temperature oxidation stability of CoWB, Journal of the Less Common Metals, 117 (1–2), 129-133, 1986.
• 14. A. Hitit, Z. O. Yazici, P. Öztürk, H. Sahin, A. M. Asgın, B. Hitit, A Ni–CoWB composite developed by devitrification of Ni–Co–W–B bulk metallic glass, Materials Science & Engineering A, 803, 140479, 2021.
• 15. Sohrabi, N. Jhabvala, J. Logé, R. E., Additive manufacturing of bulk metallic glasses process, challenges and properties: A Review, Metals, 11 (8), 1-59, 2021.
• 16. Sohrabi, N., Jhabvala, J., Kurtuldu, G., Frison, R., Parrilli, A., Stoica, M., Neels, A., Löffler, J. F., Logé, R. E., Additive manufacturing of a precious bulk metallic glass, Applied Materials Today, 24, 101080, 2021.
• 17. Lu, Y., Huang, Y., Wu, J., Laser additive manufacturing of structural graded bulk metallic glass, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 766, 506-510, 2018.
• 18. Işılak C., Ünal G., Yılmazoğlu G., Üzel U., Durgut R., Uğuz A., Joining AlSi10Mg plates produced by additive manufacturing with MIG method and optimization of welding parameters, Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University 40 (1), 573-586, 2025.
• 19. Li, N., Zhang, J., Xing, W., Ouyang, D., Liu, L., 3Dprinting of Fe-based bulk metallic glass composites with combined high strength and fracture toughness, Materials and Design, 143, 285–296, 2018.
• 20. Sohrabi, N. Schawe, J. E.K. Jhabvala, J., Löffler, J. F., Logé, R. E., Critical crystallization properties of an industrial grade Zr-based metallic glass used in additive manufacturing, Scripta Materialia, 199, 113861, 2021.
• 21. Lu, Z.P., Tan, H., Li, Y., Ng, S.C., The correlation between reduced glass transition temperature and glass forming ability of bulk metallic glasses, Scripta mater, 42, 66-673, 2000.
• 22. Lu, Z.P., Lia, Y., Ng, S.C., Reduced glass transition temperature and glass forming ability of bulk glass forming alloys, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 270, 103-114, 2000.
• 23. Lu, Z.P., Liu, C.T., A new glass-forming ability criterion for bulk metallic glasses, Acta Materialia, 50, 3501–3512, 2002.
• 24. Brazhkin, V.V., Lyapin, A.G., Hemley, R.J., Harder than diamond: Dreams and reality, Philosophical Magazine, 82 (2), 231-253, 2002.
• 25. Liang, J. C., Li, X. W., Wu, J. C., Wei, Z. X., Wang, X. L., First-principles study on structural stability, electronic structure and mechanical properties of VB group transition metal tungsten alloys W-TM (TM=V, Nb, Ta), Materials Today Communications, 38, 107920, 2024.
• 26. Wang, T., Yang, X., Li, Q., Effect of Cu and Nb additions on crystallization kinetics of Fe80P13C7 bulk metallic glasses, Thermochimica Acta, 579, 9-14, 2014.
• 27. Mukherjee, S., Schroers, J. Zhou, Z., Johnson, W.L., Rhim, W. K., Viscosity and specific volume of bulk metallic glass-forming alloys and their correlation with glass forming ability, Acta Materialia, 52, 3689–3695, 2004.
• 28. Evenson, Z., Raedersdorf, S., Gallino, I. Busch, R., Equilibrium viscosity of Zr–Cu–Ni–Al–Nb bulk metallic glasses, Scripta Materialia, 63, 573–576, 2010.
• 29. Samavatian, M. Gholamipour, R. Samavatian, V. Farahani, F., Effects of Nb minor addition on atomic structure and glass forming ability of Zr55Cu30Ni5Al10 bulk metallic glass, Materials Research Express, 6 (6), 1-17, 2019.
• 30. Suoa Z.Y., Qiua K., Q. Lia Q., F. Rena Y., L. Hu, Z., Q., Effect of Nb on glass forming ability and plasticity of (Ti–Cu) based bulk metallic glasses, Materials Science and Engineering A 527, 2486–2491, 2010.
• 31. Caoa, G. Lua, K. Liub, G. Zonga, H. Balab, H. Zhang, B., Improving the glass-forming ability and the plasticity of Zr-Cu-Al bulk metallic glass by addition of Nb, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 513, 105-110, 2019.
• 32. Jiao, W., Wang, X. L., Lan, S., Pan, S. P., Lu, Z. P., Propensity of bond exchange as a window into the mechanical properties of metallic glasses, Applied Physics Letters, 106, 061910, 2015.
• 33. Zhang, X., Lai, L., Xiao, S., Zhang, H., Zhang, F., Li, N., Guo, S., Effect of W on the thermal stability, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of Fe-based bulk metallic glass, Intermetallics, 143, 107485, 2022.
• 34. Ma, L., Wang, L., Zhang, T., Inoue, A., Effect of Nb addition on glass-forming ability, strength, and hardness of Fe–B–Zr amorphous alloys, Materials Research Bulletin, 34 (6), 915–920, 1999.