Doğal afet senaryolarına dayalı kablosuz teknolojilerin seçimi için karar destek sistemi önerisi

Öz

Doğal afetler ve acil durumlar, telekomünikasyon altyapısında ciddi hasarlara yol açarak geleneksel mobil şebekelere dayalı iletişim sistemlerinde kesintilere neden olmaktadır. Afet anlarında iletişimin kesintisiz sürdürülmesi hayati önem taşıdığından, mobil şebekeden bağımsız alternatif iletişim çözümlerinin geliştirilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada, farklı afet senaryoları dikkate alınarak mobil altyapıdan bağımsız bir kablosuz iletişim ağının tasarlanmasına yönelik bir karar destek sistemi modeli önerilmiştir. Modelin uygulanabilirliğini göstermek amacıyla İstanbul’un Zeytinburnu ilçesi pilot bölge olarak seçilmiş, afet sonrası toplanma alanları talep noktaları, mahalleler ise aday noktalar olarak ele alınmıştır. Problem, çok amaçlı yapıyı dikkate alacak biçimde hedef programlama ve küme kapsama yaklaşımlarının bütünleşik kullanımıyla farklı senaryolar altında çözülmüştür. Elde edilen sonuçlar, modelin çeşitli kısıtlar altında etkin çözümler üretebildiğini ve LPWAN teknolojileri olan Sigfox ve LoRa’nın birlikte kullanımının afet durumlarında iletişim sürekliliği açısından daha verimli ve maliyet etkin bir çözüm sunduğunu göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Doğal afetler
• kablosuz iletişim
• karar destek sistemi
• LPWAN
• küme kapsamda problemi

A decision support system proposal for the selection of wireless technologies based on natural disaster scenarios

Öz

Natural disasters and emergencies can severely damage telecommunication infrastructures, causing disruptions in communication systems relying on conventional mobile networks. Since uninterrupted communication is vital during disasters, alternative solutions independent of mobile networks are required. This study proposes a decision support system model to design a mobile-independent wireless communication network under different disaster scenarios. Istanbul’s Zeytinburnu district was selected as a pilot area, where post-disaster assembly areas were defined as demand points and neighborhoods as candidate locations. The problem was solved under different scenarios by integrating goal programming and set covering approaches to capture its multi-objective structure. The results show that the model produces effective solutions under various constraints and that jointly deploying Sigfox and LoRa LPWAN technologies offers a more efficient and cost-effective solution for communication continuity in disaster situations.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Natural disasters
• Wireless communication
• Decision support system
• LPWAN
• Set covering problem

Kaynakça

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