DÜŞÜK SICAKLIK DÜŞÜK ZAMAN ALKALİ ÖN İŞLEMLERİNİN FINDIK KABUĞUNUN BİLEŞİMİ VE ENZİMATİK HİDROLİZİ ÜZERİNE ETKİSİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Yıl 2017, , 0 - 0, 13.06.2017

Emir Zafer Hoşgün Berrin Bozan

https://doi.org/10.17341/gazimmfd.322177

Cited By: 2

Öz

Bu çalışmada, fındık kabuklarından enzimatik hidroliz ile glikoz üretimi için, düşük sıcaklık kısa zaman alkali ön işlemi uygulanmıştır. Çalışılan alkaliler içinde enzimatik hidroliz verimi ve lignin giderimi açısında sodyum hidroksitin etkili olduğu görülmüş ve çalışmalarda NaOH işlem koşullarının glikoz kazanımı ve ön işlem görmüş katı kompozisyonuna etkileri incelenmiştir. Uygulanan farklı alkali ön işlemler ve enzimatik hidroliz sonucunda elde edilen glikoz kazanımı %10,12 ile %43,53 arasında, lignin giderimi ise %19,48 ile %53,84 arasında değişmiştir. 1 gram glikoz üretebilmek için harcanan enerji ise 10,03 kj ile 219,46 kj arasında bulunmuştur. Çalışılan koşullarda glikoz verimi ve enerji bakımından en uygun ön işlem koşulunun %2,25 NaOH, 60^oC, 30 min, 1/10 olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Bu koşullarda glikoz verimi %37,23 lignin giderimi %44,22 ön işlem için harcanan enerji miktarı ise 60,90 kj/g dır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Fındık kabuğu, Alkali ön işlem, Fermente şeker, Biyoetanol, Enzimatik hidroliz.

Kaynakça

• Alvira, P., Tomás-Pejó, E., Ballesteros, M., & Negro, M. J., “Pretreatment technologies for an efficient bioethanol production process based on enzymatic hydrolysis”: a review. Bioresource technology, 101(13), 4851-4861, 2010.
• Wyman, C.E. ve Yang, B., “Cellulose biomass could help meet California’s transportation fuel needs”. California Agriculture 63 (4), 185-190, 2009.
• Taherzadeh, M.J. ve Karimi, K., “Enzyme-Based hydrolysis processes for ethanol from lignocellulosic materials”. Bioresources 2(4), 707-738, 2007.
• Hendriks, A. T. W. M. ve Zeeman, G., “Pretreatments to enhance the digestibility of lignocellulosic biomass”. Bioresource Technology, 100(1), 10-18, 2009.
• Gupta, R., & Lee, Y. Y., “Pretreatment of corn stover and hybrid poplar by sodium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide”. Biotechnology Progress, 26(4), 1180-1186, 2010.
• Xu, J., Cheng, J.J., Sharma-Shivappa, R.R., Burns, J.C., “Sodium hydroxide pretreatment of switchgrass for ethanol production”. Energy Fuels, 24, 2113– 2119, 2010.
• Vancov, T. ve McIntosh, S., “Alkali pretreatment of cereal crop residues for second-generation biofuels”, Energy & Fuels, 25(7), 2754-2763, 2011.
• Anonim, “2012 yılı fındık raporu”, Gümrük ve Ticaret Bakanlığı Kooperatifçilik Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara, 2013.
• Doğan, M., Abak, H., Alkan, M., “Adsorption of methylene blue onto hazelnut shell: Kinetics, mechanism and activation parameters”, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 164, 172–181, 2009.
• Demirbas, O., Karadag,A., Alkan, M., Dogan, M., “Removal of copper ions from aqueous solutions by hazelnut shell”, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 153, 677–684, 2008.
• Midilli, A. Dogru, M., Howarth, C.R., Ayhan,T. “Hydrogen production from hazelnut shell by applying air-blown downdraft gasification technique”, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 26, 29-37, 2001.
• Caglar, A., Aydinli, B., “Isothermal co-pyrolysis of hazelnut shell and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene: The effect of temperature and composition on the amount of pyrolysis products” J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 86, 304–309, 2009.
• Mutlu, S. F., “İki Basamakli Tepkime İle Sivi Özütlemeli Yöntem Kullanarak Findik Tohum Kabuklarindan Furfural Üretimi İçin En Uygun Koşullarin İstatistik Yöntem İle Belirlenmesi”, Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik-Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 25(1), 2010.
• Arslan Y., Saraçoğlu, N.E., “Effects of pretreatment methods for hazelnut shell hydrolysate fermentation with Pichia Stipitisto ethanol”, Bioresource Technology, 101, 8664–8670, 2010.
• Arslan, Y., Takac, S., Saracoglu, N.E., “Kinetic study of hemicellulosic sugar production from hazelnut shells”, Chemical Engineering Journal, 185– 186, 23– 28, 2012.
• Sluiter A, Hames B, Ruiz R, Scarlata C, Sluiter J, Templeton D, Crocker D., “Determination of structural carbohydrates and lignin in biomass”, Laboratory Analytical Procedures (LAPs). Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 2008b.
• Miller, G.L., “Use of dinitrosalicylic acid reagent for determination of reducing sugar,” Anal. Chem., 31, 426–428, 1959.
• Mafe, O. A., Davies, S. M., Hancock, J. ve Du, C., “Development of an estimation model for the evaluation of the energy requirement of dilute acid pretreatments of biomass”, Biomass and Bioenergy,72, 28-38, 2015.
• White, J. E.,Catallo, W. J. ve Legendre, B. L., “Biomass pyrolysis kinetics: a comparative critical review with relevant agricultural residue case studies”, Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 91(1), 1-33, 2011.
• Demirbaş, A., Akdeniz, F., Erdogan, Y. ve Pamuk, V., “Kinetics for fast pyrolysis of hazelnut shell”, Fuel Science and Technology International, 14(3), 405-415, 1996.
• Caballero, J. A.,Conesa, J. A., Font, R. ve Marcilla, A., “Pyrolysis kinetics of almond Shells and olive Stones considering the irorganic fractions”, Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 42(2), 159-175, 1997.
• Antal, M. J.,Allen, S. G., Dai, X., Shimizu, B., Tam, M. S. ve Grønli, M., “Attainment of the theoretical yield of carbon from biomass”, Industrial & engineering chemistry research, 39(11), 4024-4031, 2000.
• Gonzalez, J. F.,Ramiro, A., González-García, C. M., Gañán, J., Encinar, J. M., Sabio, E. ve Rubiales, J., “Pyrolysis of almondshells. Energyapplications of fractions”, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 44(9), 3003-3012, 2005.
• Bhushan, B., "Agricultural residues and their utilization in some countries of South and South East Asia", Residue utilization, management of agricultural and agro-industrial residues, Rome, January 18-21, 1977. Vol. 1. Papers and documents. Vol. 2. Presentations by participants, UNEP/FAO, 255-314, 1978.
• Bonelli, P. R.,DellaRocca, P. A., Cerrella, E. G. ve Cukierman, A. L., “Effect of pyrolysis temperature on composition, surface properties and thermal degradation rates of Brazil Nutshells”, Bioresource Technology, 76(1), 15-22, 2001.
• Cheng, Y. S., Zheng, Y., Yu, C. W., Dooley, T. M., Jenkins, B. M., & VanderGheynst, J. S., “Evaluation of high solids alkaline pretreatment of rice straw”, Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 162(6), 1768-1784, 2010.
• Kang, K. E., Jeong, G. T., & Park, D. H., “Pretreatment of rapeseed straw by sodium hydroxide”, Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, 35(5), 705-713. 2012.
• Chen, Y., Stevens, M. A., Zhu, Y., Holmes, J., ve Xu, H., “Understanding of alkaline pretreatment parameters for corn stover enzymatic saccharification”, Biotechnology for Biofuels, 6(1), 1, 2013.
• Binod, P., Kuttiraja, M., Archana, M., Janu, K. U., Sindhu, R., Sukumaran, R. K., ve Pandey, A., “High temperature pretreatment and hydrolysis of cotton stalk for producing sugars for bioethanol production”, Fuel, 92(1), 340-345, 2012.
• Wang, Z., Keshwani, D. R., Redding, A. P., ve Cheng, J. J., “Sodium hydroxide pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of coastal Bermuda grass”, Bioresource Technology, 101(10), 3583-3585, 2010.
• Han, L., Feng, J., Zhang, S., Ma, Z., Wang, Y., ve Zhang, X., “Alkali pretreated of wheat straw and its enzymatic hydrolysis”, Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 43(1), 53-61, 2012.
• Sahare, P., Singh, R., Laxman, R. S., & Rao, M., “Effect of alkali pretreatment on the structural properties and enzymatic hydrolysis of corn cob”, Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 168(7), 1806-1819, 2012.
• Diaz, A., Le Toullec, J., Blandino, A., De Ory, I., ve Caro, I., “Pretreatment of rice hulls with alkaline peroxide to enhance enzyme hydrolysis for ethanol production”, Chem. Eng. Trans, 32, 949-954, 2013.
• Rawat, R., Kumbhar, B. K., ve Tewari, L., “Optimization of alkali pretreatment for bioconversion of poplar (Populus deltoides) biomass into fermentable sugars using response surface methodology”, Industrial Crops and Products, 44, 220-226, 2013.
• Velmurugan, R., & Muthukumar, K. (2012). Ultrasound-assisted alkaline pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse for fermentable sugar production: optimization through response surface methodology.Bioresource technology, 112, 293-299.
• Ko C.-H., Wang Y.-N., Chang F.-C., Lee C.-Y., Chen W.-H., Hwang W.-S., “Energy Analysis of Bioethanols Produced from Dendrocalamus latiflorus”, Chemical Eng Transactions, 34, 109-114, 2013.
• Vani, S., Binod, P., Kuttiraja, M., Sindhu, R., Sandhya, S. V., Preeti, V. E., ... & Pandey, A., “Energy requirement for alkali assisted microwave and high pressure reactor pretreatments of cotton plant residue and its hydrolysis for fermentable sugar production for biofuel application”, Bioresource Technology, 112, 300-307, 2012.
• Carrillo, F.,Lis, M. J., Colom, X., López-Mesas, M., & Valldeperas, J., “Effect of alkali pretreatment on cellulase hydrolysis of wheat straw: Kinetic study”, Process biochemistry, 40(10), 3360-3364, 2005.
• Jeya, M.,Zhang, Y. W., Kim, I. W., & Lee, J. K., “Enhanced saccharification of alkali-treated rice straw by cellulase from Trameteshirsuta and statistical optimization of hydrolysis conditions by RSM”, Bioresource technology, 100(21), 5155-5161, 2009.
• Goshadroua, A.,Karimia, K., Taherzadeh, M.J., “Bioethanol production from sweet sorghum bagasseby Mucorhiemalis”, Industrial Cropsand Products, 34, 1219– 1225, 2011.
• Sharma S. K.,Kalra, K. L., Grewal, H. S., “Enzymatic saccharification of pretreated sunflower stalks”, Biomass and Bioenergy, 23, 237– 243, 2002.
• Zhang, Q.,Cai, W., “Enzymatichydrolysis of alkali-pretreated rice straw by Trichodermareesei ZM4-F3”, Biomass and Bioenergy, 32,1130–1135, 2008.