Biyoreaktör depolama alanlarında sızıntı suyu karakterizasyonu

Yıl 2020, , 1455 - 1468, 07.04.2020

Esra Tınmaz Köse , İbrahim Demir

https://doi.org/10.17341/gazimmfd.435886

Öz

Atıkların depolanması, Dünya
genelinde uygulanan nihai bertarafı yöntemidir. Ancak atıkların depolanması
sıklıkla çevre kirliğine neden olabilmekte ve canlı sağlığını olumsuz yönde
etkileyebilmektedir. Bu sorunlarının önüne geçilebilmesi adına atıkların biyorektör
depolama alanlarında depolanabilirliğinin araştırılması çalışmaları göndeme
gelmiştir. Biyoreaktör depolama alanları, atıkların parçalanarak,
sıkıştırılarak, arıtma çamurları ile birlikte depolanarak, enzim ve tampon
madde ilave edilerek, sızıntı suyu geri devrettirilerek veya havalandırma
uygulanarak konvansiyonel depolamaya göre atık bozunmasını hızlandıran ve
kararlı atığa en kısa sürede ulaşmayı hedefleyen sistemlerdir. Bu çalışmada
kapsamında, sızıntı suyu geri devrinin, havalandırmanın ve havalandırma yönünün
ve atık içeğinin biyorektör depolama alanlarından oluşan sızıntı sularının
ihtiva ettiği kirletici konsantrasyonları üzerindeki etkileri pilot ölçekli
olarak araştırılmıştır. Çalışma sonuçlarına göre atık boyutunun
küçültülmesinin ve havalandırmanın sızıntı suyunun neden olduğu kirleticilerin giderimi
açısından etkili olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca havalandırmanın reaktörün
üstünden yapılmasının da etkili bir uygulama olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Biyoreaktör depolama alanı, sızıntı suyu, geri devir, havalandırma

Kaynakça

• [1] US Environmental Protection Agency. http://es.epa.gov. Erişim tarihi Kasım 25, 2016.
• [2] Yuen S.T.S., Bioreactor landfills: Do they work? 2nd ANZ Conference on Environmental Geotechnics, Newcastle-Australia, 28-30 Kasım 2001.
• [3] Bartholameuz E.M., Hettiaratchi J.P.A., Kumar S., Enhanced performance of the aerobic landfill reactor by augmentation of manganese peroxidase, Bioresource technology, 218, 46-52, 2016.
• [4] Omar H., Rohani S., Treatment of landfill waste, leachate and landfill gas: A review, Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering, 9(1), 15–32, 2015.
• [5] Cossu R., Morello L., Ragaa R., Giulia Cerminara Biogas production enhancement using semi-aerobic pre-aeration in a hybrid bioreactor landfill, Waste Management, 55, 83-92, 2016.
• [6] Ni Z., Liu J., Girotto F., Cossu R., Qi G., Targeted modification of organic components of organic components of municipal solid waste by short-term pre-aeration and its enhancement on anaerobic degradation in simulated landfill bioreactors, Bioresource technology, 216, 250‐259, 2016.
• [7] Bolyard S.C., Reinhart D.R., Application of landfill treatment approaches for stabilization of municipal solid waste, Waste management, 55, 22-30, 2016.
• [8] Reinhart, D.R., Townsend, T.G., Landfill Bioreator Design and Operation, CRC Pres Lewis Publ, New York. 1998.
• [9] Rhyner C.R., Schwartz L.J., Wenger R.B., Kohrell M.G., Waste Management and Resource Recovery, Lewis Publishers, USA. 1995.
• [10] Borling S.E., Hazen T.,G., Oldenburg, C. M., Zawislanski, P., Comparison of Aerobic and Anaerobic Biotreatment of Municipal Solid Waste, J.Air&Waste Management, 54(7), 815-822, 2004.
• [11] Cossu R., Raga R., Rossetti D., The PAF Model: An İntegrated Approach For Landfill Sustainability, Waste Management, 23, 37-44, 2003.
• [12] Read A.D., Hudgins M., Phillips P., Perpetual Landfilling Through Aeration of the Waste Mass: Lesson from Test Cells in Georgia (USA), Waste Management, 21, 617-629, 2001.
• [13] Morris J.W.F., Vasuki N.C., Baker J.A., Pendleton, C.H., Findings From Long-Term Monitoring Studies at MSW Landfill Facilities With Leachate Recirculation, Waste Management, 23, 653-666, 2003.
• [14] Ishigaki T., Sugano W., Nakanishi A., Tateda M., Ike M., Fujita, M., The Degradability Of Biodegradable Plastics İn Aerobic And Anaerobic Waste Land.Ll Model Reactors, Chemosphere, 54, 225–233, 2004.
• [15] Smith M.C., Gatti D.K., Boothe D.D.H., Das K.C., Enhancing Aerobic Bioreduction under Controlled Conditions in A Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Through the Use of Air Injection and Water Recirculation”, Advances in Environmental Research, 3, 459-471, 2000.
• [16] Keener H.M., Elwell D.L., Das K., Hansen R.C., Specifying Design/Operation of Composting Systems Using Pilot Scale Data, Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 13, 767-772, 1997.
• [17] Bernreuter J. Stessel R.I., A Review of Aerobic Biocell Research and Technology, Biological Processes Subcommittee of SWANA, Earth and Environmental Engineering. Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027. 1999.
• [18] Bhatt A.H., Altouqi S., Karanjekar R.V., Sahadat Hossaina M.D., Chend V. P., Sattlera M. S., Preliminary regression models for estimating first-order rate constants for removal of BOD and COD from landfill leachate, Technology & Innovation, 5, 188-198, 2016.
• [19] APHA Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 20th Edition, American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association and Water Environmental Federation, Washington DC., 1998.
• [20] Ağdağ O.N., Sponza D.T., Katı Atıkların Biyoreaktörlerde Ayrışmasını Etkileyen Faktörler: “Katı Atıkların Sıkıştırılması ve Parçalanması”, DEÜ Mühendislik Fakültesi Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi, 6, 83-95, 2004.
• [21] Kim H.,. Comparative Studies of Aerobic and Anaerobic Landfills Using Simulated Landfill Lysimeters, Doktora Tezi, University of Florida, USA. 2005
• [22] Jun D., Yongsheng Z., Henry R. K., Mei H., Impacts of Aeration and Active Sludge Addition on Leachate Recirculation Bioreactor, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 147, 240-248, 2007.
• [23] Erses S., Onay T.T., Yenigün O., Comparison of Aerobic and Anaerobic Degradation of Municipal Solid Waste in Bioreactor Landfills, Bioresource Technology, 99, 5418–5426, 2007.
• [24] Xu Q., Jin X., Ma Z., Tao H., Ko J.H., Methane Production in Simulated Hybrid Bioreactor Landfill, Bioresource Technology, 168, 92-96, 2014
• [25] Akkoyunlu B. O., Tayanç M., Four Storms with Sub-events: Sampling and Analysis, Environment International, 34, 606-612, 2008.
• [26] Başak B., Alagha O., The Chemical Composition of Rainwater over Büyükçekmece Lake, İstanbul, Atmospheric Research, 71, 275-288, 2004.
• [27] Karahan G., Öztürk N., Bayülken A., Natural radioactivity in various surface waters in İstanbul, Turkey, Water Research, 34(18), 4367–4370, 2000.
• [28] Sahal N., Lacasse M. A., Proposed method for calculating water penetration test parameters of wall assemblies as applied to Istanbul, Turkey Building and Environment, 2008, 43(7), 1250-1260, 2008.
• [29] Güler E., Kişisel Görüşme, 2008.
• [30] Bilgili M. S.,. Katı Atık Düzenli Depo Sahalarında Atıkların Aerobik ve Anaerobik Ayrışması Üzerine Sızıntı Suyu Geri Devrinin Etkileri, Doktora Tezi, Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi, İstanbul, 2006
• [31] Qasim S.R., Chiang W., Sanitary Landfill Leachate Generation, Control and Treatment, Technomic Publishing Company, Switzerland, 1994.
• [32] Tchobanoglous G., Burton F.L, Wastewater engineering: treatment, disposal, and reuse,McGraw-Hill, 1991.
• [33] Ehrig H.J., Basic Biochemical Processes in Landfills, SanitaryLandfilling: Process, Technology and Environmental Impact, Academic Pres, New York, 213-229, 1989.
• [34] Alvarez‐Vazquez H., Jefferson B, Judd S.J., Membrane bioreactors vs conventional biological treatment of landfill leachate: a brief review, Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 79 (10), 1043-1049,2004.
• [35] Barlaz M.A., Ham R.K., Schaefer D.M., Microbial, chemical and methane production characteristics of anaerobically decomposed refuse with and without leachate recycling, Waste Management Research, 10, 257-267. 1992.
• [36] Swarbrick, G.E., Microbiology of landfill. In: Smith, D.W., Fityus, S.G., Allman, M.A. (Eds.), GeoEnvironment, Australian Geomechanics Society, Newcastle, Australia, Swarbrick, G.E., 2001.
• [37] Godio A., Arato A., Chiampo F., Ruggeri B., Addario M. D., Fischetti M., Perissinotto E., Liquid Injection to Enhance Biogas Production in Landfills for Pretreated Municipal Solid Wastes, Environmental Engineering and Management Journal, 14(7), 1623-1636, 2015.
• [38] Kjeldsen P. , Barlaz M. A. , Rooker A. P., Baun A. Ledin A., Christensen T. H., Present and Long-Term Composition of MSW Landfill Leachate: A Review, Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 32 (4), 2002.
• [39] Toptas P., Erses Yay S., Kesikli (Kısmi) Aerobik, Hibrit ve Anaerobik Arıtma Yöntemlerinin Atık Yönetiminde Kullanılması, Journal of Engineering and Science, 5-2, 15-21, 2017.
• [40] Price G.A., Barlaz M.A., Hater G.R., Nitrogen Management in Bioreactor Landfills, Waste Management, 23, 675-688, 2003.
• [41] İnanç B., Çallı B., Saatçi A., Characterization and Anaerobic Treatment of the Sanitary Landfill Leachate in İstanbul, Water Science and Technology, 41, 223-230, 2000.
• [42] Ritzkowski M., Walker B., Kuchta K., Raga R., Stegmanna R., Aeration of the Teuftal landfill: Field scale concept and lab scale simulation, Waste management, 55, 99-107, 2016.
• [43] Zhao X., Musleh R., Maher S., Khire M.V., Voice T., Hashsham S. A., Start-up performance of a full-scale bioreactor landfill cell under cold-climate conditions, Waste Management, 28(12), 2623-2634, 2008.
• [44] Giannis A. Makripodis G., Simantiraki F., Somara M., Gidarakos E., Monitoring Operational and Leachate Characteristics of an Aerobic Simulated Landfill Bioreactor, Waste Management 28 (8), 1346-54, 2007.
• [45] He R., Liu X., Zhang Z., Shen D., Characterisrics of the Bioreactor Landfill System Using an Anaerobic-Aerobic Process for Nitrogen Removal, Bioresource Technology, 98, 2526-2532, 2007.
• [46] Cossu R., Serra R., Effects of Codisposal on Degradation Processes, Sanitary Landfilling: Process, Technology and Environmental Impact, Academic Pres, New York, 1989.
• [47] Xie S., Ma Y., Strong P.J., Clarke W.P., Fluctuation Of Dissolved Heavy Metal Concentrations in The Leachate From Anaerobic Digestion of Municipal Solid Waste in Commercial Scale Landfill Bioreactors: The Effect of pH and Associated Mechanisms, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 299 (15), 577-583, 2015.
• [48] Yao J., Li W., Kong Q., Zhu H., Long Y., Shen D., Fractionation of Zinc In Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Leachate: Effect of Leachate Recirculation, Environmental Engineering & Management Journal, 17 (2), 443-450, 2018.
• [49] Yang K., Zhu Y., Shan R., Shao Y., Tian C., Heavy Metals in Sludge During Anaerobic Sanitary Landfill: Speciation Transformation and Phytotoxicity, Journal of Environmental Management, 189, 58-66, 2017.
• [50] Ko J.H., Ma Z., Jin X., Xu Q., Effects of Aeration Frequency on Leachate Quality and Waste in Simulated Hybrid Bioreactor Landfills, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 66 (12), 1245-1256, 2016.