Bina inşaatındaki çalışan duruşlarının farklı ergonomik risk değerlendirme yöntemi ile değerlendirilmesi

Öz

İnşaat sektörü hem Türkiye hem de Dünya için lokomotif sektörlerden bir tanesidir. İnşaat sektörü ekonomik açıdan önemli bir yere sahip olmasına rağmen iş kazaları ve meslek hastalıklarının en fazla görüldüğü sektörlerden bir tanesidir. Mevcut çalışmada, 4 farklı görevdeki toplam 39 çalışma duruşu REBA, OWAS, QEC risk değerlendirme yöntemleri ile analiz edildi. Değerlendirme sonucunda Kruskal - Wallis test ile analiz edildiğinde QEC yöntemi çıktılarının diğer metotlardan ayrıldığı belirlendi. Aynı zamanda bina inşaatında görevleri yapan toplam 93 işçi ile İskandinav Kas-İskelet Sistemi Anketi uygulandı. Anket sonuçlarına göre değerlendirilen 4 farklı görev için çalışan vücut risk haritası oluşturuldu. Vücut risk haritasına göre bina inşaatlarında çalışanların daha fazla “bel” bölgesinde rahatsızlıkları olduğu belirlendi. Değerlendirilen dört görev arasında vücudun farklı bölgelerine maruziyet bakımından en riskli görevin “Tuğla/Sıva İşleri”, ağrı şiddeti bakımından ise “İskele İşleri” olduğu belirlendi ve riskleri azaltıcı öneriler verildi.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kas-iskelet sistemi bozuklukları,risk değerlendirme yöntemi,inşaat işçileri,duruş

Kaynakça

1. Referans 1. Chiasson, M.E., et al., Comparing the results of eight methods used to evaluate risk factors associated with musculoskeletal disorders. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 2012. 42(5): p. 478-488.
2. Referans 2. Cote, J.N., et al., Quebec Research on Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders: Deeper Understanding for Better Prevention. Relations Industrielles-Industrial Relations, 2013. 68(4): p. 643-660.
3. Referans 3. Lu, J.M., L.J. Twu, and M.J.J. Wang, Risk assessments of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among the TFT-LCD manufacturing operators. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 2016. 52: p. 40-51.
4. Referans 4. Dalkılıç, B.v.A., M, Gayrimenkul ve konut sektörüne bakış. Emlak Konut: G. Y. O., 2018.
5. Referans 5. KARLUK, S.R., Cumhuriyet’in İlanından Günümüze Türkiye Ekonomisi’nde Yapısal Dönüşüm, Gözden Geçirilmiş 10. Baskı, İstanbul, Beta Basım Yayım Dağıtım A. Ş, 2005.
6. Referans 6. T.C Aile, Ç.v.S.H.B., İnşaat Sektörü 2017 İstatistikleri. 22.03.2019.
7. Referans 7. Wibowo, A., The contribution of the construction industry to the economy of Indonesia: A systemic approach. 2009.
8. Referans 8. Elnamrouty, K., The Impact of Construction Sector on Palestinian Economy-Case Study:(Gaza Strip). The Impact of Construction Sector on Palestinian Economy-Case Study:(Gaza Strip), 2012. 4(5).

9. Referans 9. Kaya, V., Ö. YALÇINKAYA, and İ. Hüseyni, Ekonomik Büyümede İnşaat Sektörünün Rolü: Türkiye Örneği (1987-2010). Ataturk University Journal of Economics & Administrative Sciences, 2013. 27(4).
10. Referans 10. T.C Aile, Ç.v.S.H.B., Ölümlü İş Kazalarının Sebepleri. 22.03.2019.
11. Referans 11. Jaafar, M.H., et al., Occupational safety and health management in the construction industry: a review. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2018. 24(4): p. 493-506.
12. Referans 12. Tam, C.M., S.X. Zeng, and Z.M. Deng, Identifying elements of poor construction safety management in China. Safety Science, 2004. 42(7): p. 569-586.
13. Referans 13. Im, H.J., et al., The characteristics of fatal occupational injuries in Korea's construction industry, 1997-2004. Safety Science, 2009. 47(8): p. 1159-1162.
14. Referans 14. Kim, M.H. and W.G. Yoo, Effect of a worktable position on head and shoulder posture and shoulder muscles in manual material handling. Work-a Journal of Prevention Assessment & Rehabilitation, 2015. 51(2): p. 289-292.
15. Referans 15. Lee, T.H. and C.S. Han, Analysis of Working Postures at a Construction Site Using the OWAS Method. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2013. 19(2): p. 245-250.
16. Referans 16. David, G.C., Ergonomic methods for assessing exposure to risk factors for work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Occupational Medicine-Oxford, 2005. 55(3): p. 190-199.
17. Referans 17. Juul-Kristensen, B., et al., Assessment of work postures and movements using a video-based observation method and direct technical measurements. Applied ergonomics, 2001. 32(5): p. 517-524.
18. Referans 18. Takala, E.-P., et al., Systematic evaluation of observational methods assessing biomechanical exposures at work. Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health, 2010: p. 3-24.
19. Referans 19. Drinkaus, P., et al., Comparison of ergonomic risk assessment outputs from Rapid Upper Limb Assessment and the Strain Index for tasks in automotive assembly plants. Work, 2003. 21(2): p. 165-172.
20. Referans 20. Motamedzade, M., et al., Comparison of ergonomic risk assessment outputs from rapid entire body assessment and quick exposure check in an engine oil company. Journal of research in health sciences, 2011. 1(1): p. 26-32.
21. Referans 21. Jones, T. and S. Kumar, Comparison of Ergonomic Risk Assessment Output in Four Sawmill Jobs. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2010. 16(1): p. 105-111.
22. Referans 22. Jones, T. and S. Kumar, Comparison of ergonomic risk assessments in a repetitive high-risk sawmill occupation: Saw-filer. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 2007. 37(9-10): p. 744-753.
23. Referans 23. Enez, K. and S.S. Nalbantoğlu, Comparison of ergonomic risk assessment outputs from OWAS and REBA in forestry timber harvesting. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 2019. 70: p. 51-57.
24. Referans 24. Berlin, C., et al., Corporate-internal vs. national standard–A comparison study of two ergonomics evaluation procedures used in automotive manufacturing. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 2009. 39(6): p. 940-946.
25. Referans 25. Nadri, H., et al., Comparison of ergonomic risk assessment results from Quick Exposure Check and Rapid Entire Body Assessment in an anodizing industry of Tehran, Iran. Journal of Occupational Health and Epidemiology, 2013. 2(4): p. 195-202.
26. Referans 26. Kong, Y.-K., et al., Comparisons of ergonomic evaluation tools (ALLA, RULA, REBA and OWAS) for farm work. International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics, 2018. 24(2): p. 218-223.
27. Referans 27. Kee, D. and W. Karwowski, A comparison of three observational techniques for assessing postural loads in industry. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2007. 13(1): p. 3-14.
28. Referans 28. Mattila, M., W. Karwowski, and M. Vilkki, Analysis of working postures in hammering tasks on building construction sites using the computerized OWAS method. Applied ergonomics, 1993. 24(6): p. 405-412.
29. Referans 29. Li, K.W. and C.L. Lee, Postural analysis of four jobs on two building construction sites: An experience of using the OWAS method in Taiwan. Journal of Occupational Health, 1999. 41(3): p. 183-190.
30. Referans 30. Domingo, J.R.T., et al., Risk assessment on Filipino construction workers. Procedia Manufacturing, 2015. 3: p. 1854-1860.
31. Referans 31. Vachhani, T.R., S.K. Sawant, and S. Pataskar, Ergonomics Risk Assessment of Musculoskeletal Disorder on Construction Site. Journal of Civic Engineering and Environmental Technology, 2016. 3: p. 228-231.
32. Referans 32. Kemmlert, K., A Method Assigned for the Identification of Ergonomic Hazards - Plibel. Applied Ergonomics, 1995. 26(3): p. 199-211.
33. Referans 33. Burgess-Limerick, R., et al. Manual Tasks Risk Assessment Tool (ManTRA) V 2.0. in Human Factors and Ergonomics Society of Australia workshop at the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society of Australia annual conference. 2004.
34. Referans 34. Hignett, S. and L. McAtamney, Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA). Applied Ergonomics, 2000. 31(2): p. 201-205.
35. Referans 35. Osmo Karhu , P.K., Iikka Kuorinka Correcting working postures in industry: A practical method for analysis. Applied Ergonomics, 1977. Volume 8(Issue 4,): p. Pages 199-201.
36. Referans 36. Li, G.Y. and P. Buckle, A practical method for the assessment of work-related musculoskeletal risks - Quick exposure check (QEC). Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 42nd Annual Meeting, Vols 1 and 2, 1998: p. 1351-1355.
37. Referans 37. Kuorinka, I., et al., Standardised Nordic questionnaires for the analysis of musculoskeletal symptoms. Applied ergonomics, 1987. 18(3): p. 233-237.
38. Referans 38. Baron, S., T. Hales, and J. Hurrell, Evaluation of symptom surveys for occupational musculoskeletal disorders. American journal of industrial medicine, 1996. 29(6): p. 609-617.
39. Referans 39. Kahraman, T., A. Genç, and E. Göz, The Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire: cross-cultural adaptation into Turkish assessing its psychometric properties. Disability and rehabilitation, 2016. 38(21): p. 2153-2160.
40. Referans 40. Başkurt, F., Z. Başkurt, and N. Gelecek, Prevalence of self-reported musculoskeletal symptoms in teachers. SDÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi Cilt, 2011. 2(2): p. 58-64.
41. Referans 41. Aghilinejad, M., et al., Work-related musculoskeletal complaints among workers of Iranian aluminum industries. Archives of environmental & occupational health, 2012. 67(2): p. 98-102.
42. Referans 42. Esen, H. and N. Fığlalı, Çalışma duruşu analiz yöntemleri ve çalışma duruşunun kas-iskelet sistemi rahatsızlıklarına etkileri. SAÜ. Fen Bil. Der., 2013. 17. Cilt: p. 41-51.
43. Referans 43. Ayan, B., Montaj hattında ergonomik risk unsurlarının incelenmesi: otomotiv sektörüne yönelik bir uygulama. Uzmanlık Tezi, TC Çalışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bakanlığı, İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara, 2015.
44. Referans 44. SAĞIROĞLU, H., M.B. COŞKUN, and N. ERGİNEL, REBA İLE BİR ÜRETİM HATTINDAKİ İŞ İSTASYONLARININ ERGONOMİK RİSK ANALİZİ. Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi, 2015. 3(3): p. 339-345.
45. Referans 45. Brandl, C., A. Mertens, and C.M. Schlick, Effect of sampling interval on the reliability using the Ovako working posture analysing of ergonomic analysis system (OWAS). International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 2017. 57: p. 68-73.
46. Referans 46. Kant, I., J.H.V. Notermans, and P.J.A. Borm, Observations of Working Postures in Garages Using the Ovako Working Posture Analyzing System (Owas) and Consequent Workload Reduction Recommendations. Ergonomics, 1990. 33(2): p. 209-220.
47. Referans 47. Buchholz, B., et al., PATH: A work sampling-based approach to ergonomic job analysis for construction and other non-repetitive work. Applied Ergonomics, 1996. 27(3): p. 177-187.
48. Referans 48. White, H.A. and R.L. Kirby, Folding and unfolding manual wheelchairs: an ergonomic evaluation of health-care workers. Applied Ergonomics, 2003. 34(6): p. 571-579.
49. Referans 49. Hignett, S., Postural analysis of nursing work. Applied Ergonomics, 1996. 27(3): p. 171-176.
50. Referans 50. Perkio-Makela, M. and H. Hentila, Physical work strain of dairy farming in loose housing barns. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 2005. 35(1): p. 57-65.
51. Referans 51. Carrasco, C., et al., Packing Products for Customers - an Ergonomics Evaluation of 3 Supermarket Checkouts. Applied Ergonomics, 1995. 26(2): p. 101-108.
52. Referans 52. Kjellberg, K., et al. Comparisons of six observational methods for risk assessment of repetitive work-results from a consensus assessment. in Proceedings 19th Triennial Congress of the IEA, Melbourne. 2015.
53. Referans 53. Hoy, J., et al., Whole body vibration and posture as risk factors for low back pain among forklift truck drivers. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2005. 284(3-5): p. 933-946.
54. Referans 54. Figlali, N., et al., Image processing-aided working posture analysis: I-OWAS. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 2015. 85: p. 384-394.
55. Referans 55. Karwowski, W. and W.S. Marras, The occupational ergonomics handbook. 1998: Crc Press.
56. Referans 56. David, G., et al., The development of the Quick Exposure Check (QEC) for assessing exposure to risk factors for work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Applied Ergonomics, 2008. 39(1): p. 57-69.
57. Referans 57. Cheng, A.S.K. and P.C.W. So, Development of the Chinese version of the Quick Exposure Check (CQEC). Work-a Journal of Prevention Assessment & Rehabilitation, 2014. 48(4): p. 503-510.
58. Referans 58. Özcan, E., İŞ YERİNDE ERGONOMİK RİSKLERİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ VE HIZLI MARUZİYET DEĞERLENDİRME (HMD) YÖNTEMİ. Engineer & the Machinery Magazine, 2011(616).
59. Referans 59. Holmström, E., J. Lindell, and U. Moritz, Low back and neck/shoulder pain in construction workers: occupational workload and psychosocial risk factors. Part 1: Relationship to low back pain. Spine, 1992. 17(6): p. 663-671.
60. Referans 60. Damlund, M., et al., Low-back pain and early retirement among Danish semiskilled construction workers. Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health, 1982: p. 100-104.
61. Referans 61. Merlino, L.A., et al., Symptoms of musculoskeletal disorders among apprentice construction workers. Applied occupational and environmental hygiene, 2003. 18(1): p. 57-64.
62. Referans 62. Kohammadi, Y., et al., Comparing the posture assessments based on RULA and QEC methods in a carpentry workshop. Res J Med Sci, 2016. 10: p. 80-3.
63. Referans 63. Qutubuddin, S., S. Hebbal, and A. Kumar, An ergonomic study of work related musculoskeletal disorder risks in Indian Saw Mills. Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, 2013. 7(5): p. 7-13.
64. Referans 64. Wittmann, F.H. and A. Balkema, Advances in autoclaved aerated concrete. 1992: Citeseer.
65. Referans 65. Vatin, N.I. and O.S. Gamayunova, Using plastering machines to improve the efficiency of finishing works. Applied Mechanics & Materials, 2014.
66. Referans 66. Kangari, R. and T. Yoshida, Automation in construction. Robotics and Autonomous Systems, 1990. 6(4): p. 327-335.