SODYUM HİDROKSİT (NaOH) VE POTASYUM HİDROKSİT (KOH) KULLANILARAK ÜRETİLEN MISIR YAĞI BİYODİZELLERİNİN OPTİMUM REAKSİYON PARAMETRELERİNİN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI

Yıl 2015, , 503 - 511, 30.09.2015

Mert Gülüm , Atilla Bilgin , Abdülvahap Çakmak

https://doi.org/10.17341/gummfd.81237

Cited By: 13

Öz

Bu çalışmada, katalizör olarak sodyum hidroksit (NaOH) ve potasyum hidroksit (KOH) kullanılarak transesterifikasyon reaksiyonuyla üretilebilecek en düşük viskoziteye sahip mısır yağı biyodizellerinin optimum reaksiyon parametrelerinin karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda sırasıyla katalizör oranı, reaksiyon sıcaklığı, reaksiyon süresi ve alkol/yağ mol oranı gibi transesterifikasyon reaksiyonuna etki eden başlıca parametrelerin söz konusu katalizörler kullanılarak üretilen mısır yağı biyodizellerinin kinematik viskozitelerine ve yoğunluklarına etkileri incelenmiştir. Deneysel çalışma sonuçlarına göre, en düşük viskozitelerin elde edildiği optimum reaksiyon parametreleri, NaOH kullanılarak üretilen biyodizel için %0,90 katalizör oranı, 50℃ reaksiyon sıcaklığı, 60 dakika reaksiyon süresi ve 9:1 alkol/yağ mol oranı; KOH kullanılarak üretilen biyodizel için %1,10 katalizör oranı, 60℃ reaksiyon sıcaklığı, 60 dakika reaksiyon süresi ve 9:1 alkol/yağ mol oranı olarak belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, üretilen en düşük viskoziteli biyodizellerin her ikisinin de yakıt özelliklerinin EN 14214 ve ASTM D 6751 standartlarına uygun olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Biyodizel, transesterifikasyon reaksiyonu, mısır yağı biyodizeli, viskozite, üretim parametreleri, optimizasyon

COMPARISON OF OPTIMUM REACTION PARAMETERS OF CORN OIL BIODIESELS PRODUCED BY USING SODIUM HYDROXIDE (NaOH) AND POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE (KOH)

Öz

In this study, it was aimed to compare optimum reaction parameters of the lowest kinematic viscosity corn oil biodiesels which can be producible by using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and potassium hydroxide (KOH) as catalyst and methanol (CH3OH) as alcohol by means of transesterification reaction. Therefore, the effects of main parameters influencing the transesterification reaction such as catalyst concentration, reaction temperature, reaction time, alcohol/oil molar ratio on the kinematic viscosities and densities of produced corn oil biodiesels were investigated. According to experimental results, optimum reaction parameters giving the lowest viscosity were determined as 0,90% catalyst concentration, 50℃ reaction temperature, 60 minutes reaction time and 9:1 alcohol/oil molar ratio for biodiesel produced by using sodium hydroxide, and, 1,10% catalyst concentration, 60℃ reaction temperature, 60 minutes reaction time and 9:1 alcohol/oil molar ratio for biodiesel produced by using potassium hydroxide. Also, fuel properties of each optimum biodiesels were found in accordance with EN ASTM D 6751 and EN 14214 standards.  

Anahtar Kelimeler

Biodiesel, transesterification reaction, corn oil biodiesel, viscosity, production parameters, optimization

Kaynakça

• Özsezen, A.N. ve Çanakçı, M., “Atık Kızartma Yağından Elde Edilen Metil Esterin Ön Yanma Odalı Bir Dizel Motorda Kullanımının Performans ve Emisyonlara Etkisinin İncelenmesi”, Journal of The Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, Cilt 23, No 2, 395-404, 2008.
• Encinar, J.M., González, J.F. ve Reinares, A.R., “Biodiesel from Used Frying Oil. Variables Affecting the Yields and Characteristics of the Biodiesel”, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., Cilt 44, No 15, 5491-5499, 2005.
• Aktaş, A. ve Sekmen, Y., “Biyodizel ile Çalışan Bir Dizel Motorda Yakıt Püskürtme Avansının Performans ve Egzoz Emisyonlarına Etkisi”, Journal of The Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, Cilt 23, No 1, 199-206, 2008.
• Knothe, G. ve Steidley, K.R., “Lubricity of Components of Biodiesel and Petrodiesel. The Origin of Biodiesel Lubricity”, Energy&Fuels, Cilt 19, No 3, 1192-1200, 2005.
• Ramadhas, A.S., Jayaraj, S., Muraleedharan, C. ve Padmakumari, K., “Artificial Neural Networks Used for the Prediction of the Cetane Number of Biodiesel”, Renewable Energy, Cilt 31, No 15, 2524-2533, 2006.
• Pulkrabek, W.W., Engineering Fundamentals of the Internal Combustion Engine, Prentice-Hall, New Jersey, A.B.D., 1997.
• Kaya, C., Bitkisel Yağlardan Biyodizel Üretimi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Dicle Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2006.
• Alptekin, E. ve Canakci, M., “Determination of the Density and the Viscosities of Biodiesel-Diesel Fuel Blends”, Renewable Energy, Cilt 33, No 12, 2623-2630, 2008.
• Zhu, L., Zhang, W., Liu, W. ve Huang, Z., “Experimental Study on Particulate and NOx Emissions of a Diesel Engine Fueled with Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel, RME-Diesel Blends and PME-Diesel Blends”, Science of The Total Environment, Cilt 408, No 5, 1050-1058, 2010.
• Ghai, S., Das, L.M. ve Babu, M.K.G., “Emissions and Performance Study with Sunflower Methyl Ester as Diesel Engine Fuel”, ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cilt 3, No 5, 75-80, 2008.
• Ng, J.H., Ng, H.K. ve Gan, S., “Characterisation of Engine-Out Responses from a Light-Duty Diesel Engine Fuelled with Palm Methyl Ester (PME)”, Applied Energy, Cilt 90, No 1, 58-67, 2012.
• Department of Agriculture Philippine Coconut Authority Web Sitesi, Çevrimiçi: http://www.pure-essence.biz/site/biodiesel_iec_1_.pdf, Son Erişim Tarihi: 9 Kasım 2014.
• Çetinkaya, M. ve Karaosmanoğlu, F., “Optimization of Base-Catalyzed Transesterification Reaction of Used Cooking Oil”, Energy&Fuels, Cilt 18, No 6, 1888-1895, 2004.
• Anastopoulos, G., Zannikou, Y., Stournas, S. ve Kalligeros, S., “Transesterification of Vegetable Oils with Ethanol and Characterization of the Key Fuel Properties of Ethyl Esters”, Energies, Cilt 2, No 2, 362-376, 2009.
• Satyanarayana, M. ve Muraleedharan, C., “A Comparative Study of Vegetable Oil Methyl Esters (Biodiesels)”, Energy, Cilt 36, No 4, 2129-2137, 2011.
• Atabani, A.E., Silitonga, A.S., Badruddin, I.A., Mahlia, T.M.I., Masjuki, H.H. ve Mekhilef, S., “A Comprehensive Review on Biodiesel as an Alternative Energy Resource and Its Characteristics”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Cilt 16, No 4, 2070-2093, 2012.
• Enweremadu, C.C. ve Mbarawa, M.M., “Technical Aspects of Production and Analysis of Biodiesel from Used Cooking Oil-A Review”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Cilt 13, No 9, 2205-2224, 2009.
• Leung, D.Y.C., Wu, X. ve Leung, M.K.H., “A Review on Biodiesel Production Using Catalyzed Transesterification”, Applied Energy, Cilt 87, No 4, 1083-1095, 2010.
• Holman, J.P., Experimental Methods for Engineers, McGraw-Hill, New York, A.B.D, 2001.
• Ghanei, R., Moradi, G.R., Taherpourkalantari, R. ve Arjmandzadeh, E., “Variation of Physical Properties During Transesterification of Sunflower Oil to Biodiesel As an Approach to Predict Reaction Progress”, Fuel Processing Technology, Cilt 92, No 8, 1593-1598, 2011.
• Moradi, G.R., Dehghani, S. ve Ghanei, R., “Measurements of Physical Properties During Transesterification of Soybean Oil to Biodiesel for Prediction of Reaction Progress”, Energy Conversion and Management, Cilt 61, No 1, 67-70, 2012.
• Hoque, M.D.E., Singh, A. ve Chuan, Y.L., “Biodiesel from Low Cost Feedstocks: The Effects of Process Parameters on the Biodiesel Yield”, Biomass and Bioenergy, Cilt 35, No 4, 1582-1587, 2011.
• El-Sabagh, S.M., Keera, S.T. ve Taman, A.R., “The Characterization of Biodiesel Fuel from Waste Frying Oil”, Energy Sources, Cilt 33, No 5, 401-409, 2011.
• Çildir, O. ve Çanakçı, M., “Çeşitli Bitkisel Yağlardan Biyodizel Üretiminde Katalizör ve Alkol Miktarının Yakıt Özellikleri Üzerine Etkisinin İncelenmesi”, Journal of The Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, Cilt 21, No 2, 367-372, 2006.
• Yavuz, H., Aksoy, F., Bayrakçeken, H. ve Baydır, Ş.A., “Değişik Bitkisel Yağ Metil Esterlerinin Üretilmesi, Fiziksel ve Kimyasal Özelliklerinin Karşılaştırılması”, Makine Teknolojileri Elektronik Dergisi, Cilt 2, No 1, 23-30, 2008.
• Ibeto, C.N., Ofoefule, A.U. ve Ezugwu, H.C., “Analytical Methods for Quality Assessment of Biodiesel from Animal and Vegetable Oils”, Trends in Applied Sci. Res., Cilt 6, No 6, 537-553, 2011.
• Sivaramakrishnan, K. ve Ravikumar, P., “Determination of Higher Heating Value of Biodiesels”, International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, Cilt 3, No 11, 7981-7987, 2011.
• Özcanlı, M., Keskin, A. ve Aydın, K., “Biodiesel Production from Terebinth (Pistacia Terebinthus) Oil and Its Usage in Diesel Engine”, International Journal of Green Energy, Cilt 8, No 5, 518-528, 2011.