Farklı bağıl yoğunluklardaki Inconel 718 ve Ti6Al4V biyomedikal parçaların seçici lazer ergitme (SLE) metoduyla üretiminin simülasyonu

Yıl 2022, , 469 - 484, 10.11.2021

Berkay Ergene

https://doi.org/10.17341/gazimmfd.934143

Cited By: 13

Öz

Metal eklemeli imalatta en yaygın kullanılan alaşımlar olan Inconel 718 ve Ti6Al4V otomotiv, uzay-uçak, savunma sanayii, biyomedikal gibi bir çok alandaki uygulamalarda tercih edilmektedirler. Bilindiği üzere, fonksiyonel hafifletilmiş parçalar, hafif olmalarına karşın sergilemiş oldukları yüksek spesifik dayanımdan dolayı araştırmacıların ilgi odağı haline gelmiştir. Artan ilgilerin bir sonucu olarak da üzerine gelen yükü homojen dağıtma, yükü ve sesi iyi düzeyde absorbe etme gibi üstün özelliklere sahip olan hafifletilmiş parçaların yapılan tasarımı katman katman gerçek ürüne dönüştüren eklemeli imalat (Eİ) teknolojisi ile üretilme fikri ön plana çıkmıştır. Seçici lazer ergitme (SLE) ve elektron ışın ergitme (EIE) gibi Eİ yöntemlerinin geleneksel imalat yöntemlerine nazaran bir çok avantajı olmasına ragmen, üretim sırasında parçada meydana gelen kalıntı gerilim oluşumları, yüksek yüzey pürüzlülüğü ve distorsiyonlar nedeniyle, ilgili imalat yöntemleri geliştirilmeye ihtiyaç duymaktadır. Bu bağlamda, eklemeli imal edilen hücresel yapıların deneysel olarak kalıntı gerilim ve distorsiyon ölçümleri oldukça zor ve zaman alıcıdır. Bu çalışmada ise, biyomedikal alanda iskele ve implant çekirdek yapısı olarak kullanılan hücresel yapılar ele alınmıştır. İmplantın yükü kemiğe oranla daha fazla taşıması nedeniyle kemiğin güç kaybetmesi anlamına gelen stress shielding olgusunu minimize eden kemik-implant arasındaki osseointegrasyonu geliştiren bu hücresel yapılar % 100, % 73,4 ve % 42,6 doluluk oranı ile tasarlanmıştır. Bu hücresel yapıların Inconel 718 ve Ti6Al4V malzemelerden SLE metoduyla üretimi sırasında meydana gelen kalıntı gerilmeler (σx, σy, ve σz), distorsiyonlar, plastik birim şekil değişimleri ve meydana gelen maksimum sıcaklık değerleri Eİ simülasyon programı Amphyon 2021 ile tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar göstermektedir ki, Ti6Al4V parçalar, Inconel 718 parçalara göre daha fazla deplasman göstermektedir. Çatlak oluşumunun hangi bölgede gerçekleşebileceğine dair öngörü sağlayan plastik birim şekil değişimleri ise parçaların alt köşe bölgelerinde, destek yapının bittiği, asıl parçanın yer aldığı bölgelerde lokalize olmuştur. Ayrıca, parçalardaki maksimum sıcaklık değerleri imalat yüksekliğinin artmasıyla birlikte artış göstermekte ve her iki malzeme türü için de doluluk oranları % 73,4 ve % 42,6 olan parçalarda kritik bir imalat yüksekliğinden sonra tam dolu parçaya nazaran daha fazla maksimum sıcaklık değerleri gözlemlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Seçici lazer ergitme, Biyomedikal, Kalıntı gerilme, Simülasyon, Amphyon 2021

Simulation of the production of Inconel 718 and Ti6Al4V biomedical parts with different relative densities by selective laser melting (SLM) method

Öz

Inconel 718 and Ti6Al4V which are the most widely used alloys in metal additive manufacturing, are preferred in applications in many fields such as automotive, aerospace, defense industry and biomedical. As it is known, functional lightened parts have become the focus of attention of researchers due to the high specific strength they exhibit, despite their lightness. As a result of the increasing interest, the idea of manufacturing lightened parts, which have superior properties such as homogeneous distribution of the load and good absorption of load and sound, has come to the fore with the additive manufacturing (AM) technology, which transforms the design into a real product layer by layer. Although AM methods such as selective laser melting (SLM) and electron beam melting (EBM) have many advantages over traditional manufacturing methods, the related manufacturing methods need to be developed due to residual stresses, high surface roughness and distortions that occur in the part during manufacturing. In this context, experimental residual stress and distortion measurements of additively manufactured cellular structures are very difficult and time consuming. In this study, cellular structures used as scaffold and implant core structures in the biomedical field are discussed. These cellular structures, which improve osseointegration between bone-implant, which minimizes the phenomenon of stress shielding, which means the loss of strength of the bone, because the implant carries more load than the bone, is designed with 100%, 73.4% and 42.6% infill rate. The residual stresses (σx, σy, and σz), distortions, plastic strains and the maximum temperature values that occur during the production of these cellular structures from Inconel 718 and Ti6Al4V materials with the SLM method were determined by the AM simulation program Amphyon 2021. The results obtained show that Ti6Al4V parts have more displacement than Inconel 718 parts. Plastic strains which provide prediction about where the crack formation may occur, are localized in the lower corner regions of the parts, where the support structure ends and where the main part is located. In addition, the maximum temperature values of the parts increase with the increase of the building height, and for both material types, the parts with 73.4% and 42.6% infill rates have been observed to have higher maximum temperature values after a critical building height compared to the full part.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Selective laser melting, Biomedical, Residual stress, Simulation, Ampyhon 2021

Kaynakça

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