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Üretimin su ayak izinin incelenmesi: Diyarbakır ili için bir vaka çalışması

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 35 Sayı: 2, 845 - 858, 25.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.17341/gazimmfd.543933

Öz

Hızlı kentleşme, kişi başına düşen su tüketiminin artması ve gelişen endüstriye
paralel olarak su kirliliğinin artması, bölgesel su kaynakları üzerinde daha
etkili ölçüm, yönetim ve karar mekanizmalarının işleme alınmasını gerekli
kılmıştır. Su ayak izi (SA) kavramı, özellikle su kaynakları yönetimine destek
sağlamak için ekolojik ve karbon ayak izlerine benzer şekilde son yıllarda
literatüre kazandırılan yeni bir parametredir. Herhangi bir alan veya ürünün su
ayak izi, üretim süreci boyunca doğrudan veya dolaylı olarak işleme alınan veya
kirletilen su kaynaklarının toplam hacmini ifade eder. Bu çalışmanın temel
amacı, 2008-2019 yılları arasında Diyarbakır ilinde tarım, hayvancılık,
endüstriyel üretim ve evsel kullanımından kaynaklanan mavi ve yeşil su ayak
izlerinin detaylı olarak analiz edilmesidir. Buna göre, bölgenin ortalama SA
değeri 3,43 milyar m3/yıl olarak hesaplamıştır. İl genelindeki su
kaynaklarının büyük çoğunluğunun % 86’lık bir oranla tarımsal ürünlerin
yetiştirilmesinde kullanıldığı, mevcut taze suyun % 49’unun yüzey ve yeraltı
suyundan tedarik edildiği ve kurak sezonda bu oranın % 62’ye kadar yükseldiği
tespit edilmiştir. İlde yetiştirilen tarımsal ürünlerin sanal su muhtevaları ve
toplam su kullanımları ayrıca hesaplanmış ve tartışılmıştır. Mevcut çalışma,
ülkemizde yapılan ilk bölgesel SA analizlerinden biri olup, tarımsal planlama, evsel
ve endüstriyel su tahsisi, atık yönetimi ve su kaynaklarının sürdürülebilirliği
gibi konularda katkıda bulunması beklenmektedir. 

Kaynakça

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Assessment of water footprint of production: A case study for Diyarbakır province

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 35 Sayı: 2, 845 - 858, 25.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.17341/gazimmfd.543933

Öz

Rapid urbanization,
increasing per capita water consumption and pollution together with the
developing industry necessitated to process more effective measurement,
management and decision mechanisms on regional water resources. The concept of
water footprint (WF) is a new parameter that has been introduced to the
literature in recent years similar to the ecological and carbon footprints to support
water resource management works. The WF of any field or product refers to the
total volume of water resources that is processed or contaminated directly or
indirectly during the production process. The main purpose of this study is to
analyze blue and green water footprints of agricultural, livestock, industrial
production and domestic use in Diyarbakır province for 2008-2019. Accordingly,
the average WF value of the study area was calculated to be 3.43 billion m3/year.
The majority of the water resources in the province corresponding 86 % of all
water resources is used for the cultivation of agricultural products. Also, 49 %
of freshwater was supplied from surface and ground water which increases up to
62 % in dry season. The virtual water contents and water utilization of
agricultural products were also calculated and discussed. The current study is
one of the first regional WF analyzes performed in Turkey and it is expected to
contribute to agricultural planning, domestic and industrial water allocation,
waste management and sustainability works of water resources.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Brunner M.I., Björnsen Gurung A., Zappa M., Zekollari H., Farinotti D., Stähli M., Present and future water scarcity in Switzerland: Potential for alleviation through reservoirs and lakes, Science of The Total Environment, 666, 1033–1047, 2019.
  • 2. Şenol R., Agricultural irrigation and solar energy, Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 27 (3), 519–526, 2013.
  • 3. Albostan A., Önöz B., Wavelet application approach on the chaotic analysis of dialy river discharge, Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 30 (1), 39–48, 2015.
  • 4. Ünlü A., Çoban F., Tunç M.S., Investigation o Lake Hazar water quality according to physical and inorganic chemical parameters, Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 23 (1), 119–127, 2013.
  • 5. Dişli M., Akkurt F., Alıcılar A., Evaluation on water quality of Şanlıurfa Balıklıgöl concerning with physical parameters, Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 19 (3), 287–294, 2013.
  • 6. Seçkin N., Topçu E., Regional frequency analysis of annual peak rainfall of adana and the vicinity, Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 31 (4), 1049–1062, 2016.
  • 7. Mahmut F., Yurdusev M.A., Mermer M., Monthly water demand forecasting by adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system approach, Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 23 (2), 449–457, 2008.
  • 8. Distefano T., Kelly S., Are we in deep water? Water scarcity and its limits to economic growth, Ecological Economics, 142, 130–147, 2017.
  • 9. Tunç Dede Ö., Sezer M., The application of Canadian water quality index (CWQI) model for the assessment of water quality of Aksu creek, Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 32 (3), 909–917, 2017.
  • 10. Gürer İ., Uçar İ., Simulation of the runoff hydrograph by SRM supported by GIS and remote sensing (Kayseri-Sariz creek watershed case study), Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 28 (1), 91–101, 2014.
  • 11. Dönmez S., Akşehir Gölü su seviyesinin çekilmesinin meteorolojik ve uydu verileri ile incelenmesi, Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik-Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 33 (1), 177–188, 2018.
  • 12. Şarlak N., Tiğrek Ş., Flood frequency analysis: Case study of Göksu River and Kayraktepe Dam, Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 31 (4), 1095–1103, 2016.
  • 13. Aküzüm T., Çakmak B., Gökalp Z., Türkiye’de Su Kaynakları Yönetiminin Değerlendirilmesi, Tarım Bilimleri Araştırma Dergisi, 3 (1), 67–74, 2010.
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  • 15. Lirika K., Alma I., Magdalena C., Dashnor K., Use of diatom and macrophyte index to evaluate the water quality in Ohrid Lake, Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 2 (2), 393–400, 2013.
  • 16. Yaykiran S., Cuceloglu G., Ekdal A., Yaykiran S., Cuceloglu G., Ekdal A., Estimation of Water Budget Components of the Sakarya River Basin by Using the WEAP-PGM Model, Water, 11 (2), 2019.
  • 17. Falkenmark M., The Massive Water Scarcity Now Threatening Africa: Why Isn’t It Being Addressed?, Ambio, 1989.
  • 18. Karadağ A.A., Türkiye’deki Su Kaynakları Yönetimine İlişkin Sorunlar ve Çözüm Önerileri, TMMOB 2 Su Politikaları Kongresi, 2008.
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  • 61. Feng L., Hayat T., Alsaedi A., Ahmad B., The driving force of water footprint under the rapid urbanization process: a structural decomposition analysis for Zhangye city in China, Journal of Cleaner Production, 163, S322–S328, 2017.
  • 62. Zhang F., Zhan J., Li Z., Jia S., Chen S., Impacts of urban transformation on water footprint and sustainable energy in Shanghai, China, Journal of Cleaner Production, 190, 847–853, 2018.
  • 63. Fang K., Zhang Q., Yu H., Wang Y., Dong L., Shi L., Sustainability of the use of natural capital in a city: Measuring the size and depth of urban ecological and water footprints, Science of The Total Environment, 631–632, 476–484, 2018.
  • 64. Qian Y., Dong H., Geng Y., Zhong S., Tian X., Yu Y., et al., Water footprint characteristic of less developed water-rich regions: Case of Yunnan, China, Water Research, 141, 208–216, 2018.
  • 65. Luo P., Yang Y., Wang H., Gu Y., Xu J., Li Y., Water footprint and scenario analysis in the transformation of Chongming into an international eco-island, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 132, 376–385, 2018.
  • 66. Zhao X., Tillotson M.R., Liu Y.W., Guo W., Yang A.H., Li Y.F., Index decomposition analysis of urban crop water footprint, Ecological Modelling, 348, 25–32, 2017.
  • 67. Cai B., Liu B., Zhang B., Evolution of Chinese urban household’s water footprint, Journal of Cleaner Production, 208, 1–10, 2019. 68. Pérez A.J., Hurtado-Patiño J., Herrera H.M., Carvajal A.F., Pérez M.L., Gonzalez-Rojas E., et al., Assessing sub-regional water scarcity using the groundwater footprint, Ecological Indicators, 96, 32–39, 2019.
  • 68. Pérez A.J., Hurtado-Patiño J., Herrera H.M., Carvajal A.F., Pérez M.L., Gonzalez-Rojas E., et al., Assessing sub-regional water scarcity using the groundwater footprint, Ecological Indicators, 96, 32–39, 2019.
  • 69. Ding X., Wang S., Chen B., The Blue, Green and Grey Water Consumption for Crop Production in Heilongjiang, Energy Procedia, 158, 3908–3914, 2019.
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  • 71. Çelik R., Mapping of groundwater potential zones in the Diyarbakır city center using GIS, Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 8 (6), 4279–4286, 2015.
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  • 73. UN-ESCWA and BGR, Chapter 3 Tigris River Basin, Inventory of Shared Water Resources in Western Asia, 2013.
  • 74. Muratoglu A., Assessment of Tigris River Hydropower Potential, Gaziantep 2011.
  • 75. Yalcin E., Tigrek S., The Tigris hydropower system operations: the need for an integrated approach, International Journal of Water Resources Development, 35 (1), 110–125, 2019.
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  • 77. FAO, CLIMWAT 2.0, Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, 2018.
  • 78. TAGEM, DSI, Turkiye’de Sulanan Bitkilerin Bitki Su Tuketim Rehberi, Turkish General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies, Turkish General Directorate of State Hydraulic Works, Ankara, 2017.
  • 79. FAO, Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, 2019.
  • 80. MGM, Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü, 2019.
  • 81. FAO, Crop Water Information, 2018.
  • 82. TSI, Turkish Statistical Institute, , Ankara, Turkey, 2019.
  • 83. Mekonnen M., Hoekstra A., A global assessment of the water footprint of farm animal products, Ecosystems, 15 (3), 401–415, 2012.
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  • 85. Lovarelli D., Bacenetti J., Fiala M., Water Footprint of crop productions: A review, Science of The Total Environment, 548–549, 236–251, 2016.
  • 86. Novoa V., Ahumada-Rudolph R., Rojas O., Sáez K., de la Barrera F., Arumí J.L., Understanding agricultural water footprint variability to improve water management in Chile, Science of The Total Environment, 670, 188–199, 2019.
  • 87. Ran Y., Lannerstad M., Herrero M., Van Middelaar C.E., De Boer I.J.M., Assessing water resource use in livestock production: A review of methods, Livestock Science, 187, 68–79, 2016.
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  • 94. Bosire C.K., Lannerstad M., de Leeuw J., Krol M.S., Ogutu J.O., Ochungo P.A., et al., Urban consumption of meat and milk and its green and blue water footprints Patterns in the 1980s and 2000s for Nairobi, Kenya, Science of The Total Environment, 579, 786–796, 2017.
  • 95. Ibidhi R., Hoekstra A.Y., Gerbens-Leenes P.W., Chouchane H., Water, land and carbon footprints of sheep and chicken meat produced in Tunisia under different farming systems, Ecological Indicators, 77, 304–313, 2017.
  • 96. Hoekstra A.Y., The hidden water resource use behind meat and dairy, Animal Frontiers, 2 (2), 3–8, 2012.
  • 97. Gönül H., Demirel F., A case study on prefabricated industrial buildings: Diyarbakır first organized industrial area, Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 18 (1), 2013.
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  • 99. Mekonnen M.M., Hoekstra A.Y., A global and high-resolution assessment of the green, blue and grey water footprint of wheat, Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 14 (7), 1259–1276, 2010.
  • 100. Ye Q., Li Y., Zhuo L., Zhang W., Xiong W., Wang C., et al., Optimal allocation of physical water resources integrated with virtual water trade in water scarce regions: A case study for Beijing, China, Water Research, 129, 264–276, 2018.
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Toplam 105 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Abdullah Muratoğlu 0000-0001-8981-5983

Yayımlanma Tarihi 25 Aralık 2019
Gönderilme Tarihi 24 Mart 2019
Kabul Tarihi 2 Temmuz 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 35 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Muratoğlu, A. (2019). Üretimin su ayak izinin incelenmesi: Diyarbakır ili için bir vaka çalışması. Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 35(2), 845-858. https://doi.org/10.17341/gazimmfd.543933
AMA Muratoğlu A. Üretimin su ayak izinin incelenmesi: Diyarbakır ili için bir vaka çalışması. GUMMFD. Aralık 2019;35(2):845-858. doi:10.17341/gazimmfd.543933
Chicago Muratoğlu, Abdullah. “Üretimin Su Ayak Izinin Incelenmesi: Diyarbakır Ili için Bir Vaka çalışması”. Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi 35, sy. 2 (Aralık 2019): 845-58. https://doi.org/10.17341/gazimmfd.543933.
EndNote Muratoğlu A (01 Aralık 2019) Üretimin su ayak izinin incelenmesi: Diyarbakır ili için bir vaka çalışması. Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi 35 2 845–858.
IEEE A. Muratoğlu, “Üretimin su ayak izinin incelenmesi: Diyarbakır ili için bir vaka çalışması”, GUMMFD, c. 35, sy. 2, ss. 845–858, 2019, doi: 10.17341/gazimmfd.543933.
ISNAD Muratoğlu, Abdullah. “Üretimin Su Ayak Izinin Incelenmesi: Diyarbakır Ili için Bir Vaka çalışması”. Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi 35/2 (Aralık 2019), 845-858. https://doi.org/10.17341/gazimmfd.543933.
JAMA Muratoğlu A. Üretimin su ayak izinin incelenmesi: Diyarbakır ili için bir vaka çalışması. GUMMFD. 2019;35:845–858.
MLA Muratoğlu, Abdullah. “Üretimin Su Ayak Izinin Incelenmesi: Diyarbakır Ili için Bir Vaka çalışması”. Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 35, sy. 2, 2019, ss. 845-58, doi:10.17341/gazimmfd.543933.
Vancouver Muratoğlu A. Üretimin su ayak izinin incelenmesi: Diyarbakır ili için bir vaka çalışması. GUMMFD. 2019;35(2):845-58.