Üretimin su ayak izinin incelenmesi: Diyarbakır ili için bir vaka çalışması

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 35 Sayı: 2, 845 - 858, 25.12.2019

Abdullah Muratoğlu

https://doi.org/10.17341/gazimmfd.543933

Cited By: 8

Öz

Hızlı kentleşme, kişi başına düşen su tüketiminin artması ve gelişen endüstriye
paralel olarak su kirliliğinin artması, bölgesel su kaynakları üzerinde daha
etkili ölçüm, yönetim ve karar mekanizmalarının işleme alınmasını gerekli
kılmıştır. Su ayak izi (SA) kavramı, özellikle su kaynakları yönetimine destek
sağlamak için ekolojik ve karbon ayak izlerine benzer şekilde son yıllarda
literatüre kazandırılan yeni bir parametredir. Herhangi bir alan veya ürünün su
ayak izi, üretim süreci boyunca doğrudan veya dolaylı olarak işleme alınan veya
kirletilen su kaynaklarının toplam hacmini ifade eder. Bu çalışmanın temel
amacı, 2008-2019 yılları arasında Diyarbakır ilinde tarım, hayvancılık,
endüstriyel üretim ve evsel kullanımından kaynaklanan mavi ve yeşil su ayak
izlerinin detaylı olarak analiz edilmesidir. Buna göre, bölgenin ortalama SA
değeri 3,43 milyar m³/yıl olarak hesaplamıştır. İl genelindeki su
kaynaklarının büyük çoğunluğunun % 86’lık bir oranla tarımsal ürünlerin
yetiştirilmesinde kullanıldığı, mevcut taze suyun % 49’unun yüzey ve yeraltı
suyundan tedarik edildiği ve kurak sezonda bu oranın % 62’ye kadar yükseldiği
tespit edilmiştir. İlde yetiştirilen tarımsal ürünlerin sanal su muhtevaları ve
toplam su kullanımları ayrıca hesaplanmış ve tartışılmıştır. Mevcut çalışma,
ülkemizde yapılan ilk bölgesel SA analizlerinden biri olup, tarımsal planlama, evsel
ve endüstriyel su tahsisi, atık yönetimi ve su kaynaklarının sürdürülebilirliği
gibi konularda katkıda bulunması beklenmektedir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Su ayak izi, Diyarbakır, mavi su, evapotranspirasyon, bitkisel üretim

Assessment of water footprint of production: A case study for Diyarbakır province

Öz

Rapid urbanization,
increasing per capita water consumption and pollution together with the
developing industry necessitated to process more effective measurement,
management and decision mechanisms on regional water resources. The concept of
water footprint (WF) is a new parameter that has been introduced to the
literature in recent years similar to the ecological and carbon footprints to support
water resource management works. The WF of any field or product refers to the
total volume of water resources that is processed or contaminated directly or
indirectly during the production process. The main purpose of this study is to
analyze blue and green water footprints of agricultural, livestock, industrial
production and domestic use in Diyarbakır province for 2008-2019. Accordingly,
the average WF value of the study area was calculated to be 3.43 billion m³/year.
The majority of the water resources in the province corresponding 86 % of all
water resources is used for the cultivation of agricultural products. Also, 49 %
of freshwater was supplied from surface and ground water which increases up to
62 % in dry season. The virtual water contents and water utilization of
agricultural products were also calculated and discussed. The current study is
one of the first regional WF analyzes performed in Turkey and it is expected to
contribute to agricultural planning, domestic and industrial water allocation,
waste management and sustainability works of water resources.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Water footprint, Diyarbakır, blue water, evapotranspiration, crop production

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