GEOMETRİK YAKLAŞIMLA KAZANÇ VE FOTON ÇOĞALMASININ ARASINDAKİ AÇININ HESAPLANMASI
Yıl 2009,
Cilt: 24 Sayı: 4, 0 - , 14.02.2013
Remzi Yıldırım
Fatih V. Çelebi
Öz
Bu çalışmada daha önce tasarımı yapılmış olup doğrusal olmayan optoelektronik geri beslemeli lazer diyot
sistemi için Volterra serisi kullanılarak sistem yaklaşımı uygulanmış ve sıfırıncı derece çözümden foton ( Po ) ve
kazanç (g) eşitlikleri elde edilmiştir. Bu eşitliklerden elde edilen eğriler geometrik yaklaşım için kullanılmıştır.
Geometrik yaklaşımla kazanç ve foton çoğalması arasındaki ilişki eşik akımına ( Ith ) bağlı olarak muhtemel
doğrusal bölgeler bulunmuştur. Kazanç ve foton çoğalması arasındaki olabilecek en büyük ve en küçük açı
değerleri bulunmuş ve bu değerlere karşılık gelen Ith oranı, en iyi doğrusal bölge, doğrusal olarak
kullanılabilecek en büyük Ith oranı ve doyum noktasının başladığı Ith akım değeri tespit edilmiştir.
Kaynakça
- Schetzen, M., Yildirim, R. “System theory of the
- single-mode laser-diode” Opt. Commun, 219
- pp341-350., 2003.
- Yildirim, R., Schetzen, M. “Application of the
- Single–mode Laser Diode System Theory” Opt.
- Commun, 219 pp351-355., 2003.
- Aydın, E and Yıldırım, R “Optimizing the
- Performance of Single-mode Laser Diode System
- Using Genetic Algorithm” Optics and Laser in
- Eng.42 July pp41-46., 2004.
- Çelebi, F.V., Yıldırım, R., “Distortion System
- Theory of The Two Tone Small Signal Input
- Laser Diode” J. Fac. Eng. Arch. Gazi Univ. Vol
- , No 3, pp373-377., 2005.
- Yıldırım, R., “Intermodulation Distortion System
- Theory of the Three-Tone Small Signal Input
- Laser Diode with Non-Linear Optoelectronic
- Feedback” J. Fac. Eng. Arch. Gazi Univ. Vol
- , No 2, pp417-430, 2007.
- Schetzen,M.,Yıldırım,R.,Çelebi,F.V.
- “Intermodulation distortion of the single-mode
- laser-diode” Appl Phys B, Lasers and Optics,
- Vol. 93, Issue: 4 pp837-847., 2008.
- Loiko, N.A. and Samson, A.M., " Posible
- Regimes of Generation of a Semiconductor Laser
- with a Delayed Optoelectronic Feedback" Optics
- Comm. Vol. 93 pp 66- 72 Sept. 1992.
- Abarbanel, H.D.I., Kennel,M.B.,Illing,I., Chen,
- H., Fand J.M. Liu.," Synchronization and
- Communication Using Semiconductor Lasers
- with Optoelectronic Feedback" IEEE J.QE.
- Vol:37, pp 1301- 1311, Oct. 2001.
- Tabatabai,Farbot., and Al-Raweshidy, Hamed S.,
- “Feedforward Linearization Technique for
- Reducing Nonlinearity in Semiconductor Optical
- Amplifier” J. Lightwave Tech., Vol. 25, No. 9,
- September 2007.
- Lee, Sang-Hoon., Kang, Jeung-Mo., Choi, In-
- Hyuk., and Han, Sang-Kook.., “Linearization of
- DFB Laser Diode by External Light-Injected
- Cross-Gain Modulation for Radio-Over-Fiber
- Link”, IEEE Photon. Technol. Let, Vol.18,
- No.14, July 15 pp1545, 2006.
- Lim Won-ki Sung, Sang-hoon Lee duk-gyu.,
- Lim, Hae-jin And Han, Sang-kook., “Feedback
- harmonic injection technique for reduction of
- Third intermodulation distortion in radio-overfiber
- Link” Microwave and Optical Tech.
- Letters Vol. 48, No. 10, October doi 10.1002
- mop, 2006.
- Choi, In-hyuk., Lee, Sang-hoon., Kwon, Hyuk-
- Choon., Choi, Young-wan and Han, Sang-kook
- “Compensation of Intermodulation distortion of
- Laser diode by using Optoelectronically
- Predistorted signals” Microwave And Optical
- Technology Letters Vol. 48, No. 6, June 2006.
- Iiyama,Koichi., Okamoto, Takuya. and
- Takamiya, Saburo., “Linearizing Optical
- Frequency Sweep of a Laser Diode by Injection
- Current Modulation with a Rectangular-Signal-
- Superimposed Triangular Signal for FMCW
- Reflectometry” Electronics and
- Communications in Japan, Part 2, Vol. 81, No.
- , 1998 Translated from Denshi Joho Tsushin
- Gakkai Ronbunshi, Vol. J81-C-I, No. 2,
- February, pp 74-80, 1998.
- Hong M.K, Han S.K., “All optical linearization
- technique of DFB-LD based on optical injection
- locking for RF system “ Microwave And
- Opt,cal Technology Letters Vol. 49 Issue: 10
- Pages:2403-2406,Oct, 2007.
- Hsu,D. Z., Lee,S., Gong, L. P. M., Lin, Y. M. S.
- W. Lee, and M. C. Yuang., “High-efficiency
- wide-band SOA-based wavelength converters by
- using dual-pumped four-wave mixing and an
- assist beam” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., Vol.
- , No. 8, pp. 1903–1905, Aug. 2004.
- Roselli,L., Borgioni,V., Zepparelli, F., Ambrosi,
- F., Comez, M.., Faccin, P. and Casini, A.
- “Analog laser predistortion for multiservice
- radio-over fiber systems” J. Lightwave Tech.,
- Vol. 21, No. 5, pp. 1211–1223, May 2003.
- Kenington,P. B. High-Linearity RF Amplifier
- Design, Norwood, MA,Artech House, 2000.
- Tanaka, S. Taguchi, N., Kimura, T. and Atsumi,
- Y., “A predistortion type equi-path linearizer
- designed for radio-on-fiber system” IEEE Trans.
- Microw. Theory Tech., Vol.54, No.2, pp 938–
- , Feb. 2006.
- Çoskun, A. H. and Demir, S., “A mathematical
- characterization and analysis of a feedforward
- circuit for CDMA applications” IEEE Trans.
- Microw.Theory Tech., Vol. 51, No. 3, pp767–
- , Mar. 2003.
- Lau, K. Y. and Yariv, A., “Intermodulation
- distortion in a directly modulated semiconductor
- injection laser” Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 45,
- No.10, pp1034–1036, Nov. 1984.
- Jung, H. D. and Han, S. K. “Nonlinear distortion
- suppression in directly modulated DFB-LD by
- dual-parallel modulation” IEEE
- Photon.Technol. Lett., Vol. 14, No. 7, pp 980–
- , Jul. 2002.
- Jeon, D. H.., Jung,H. D. and Han, S. K.
- “Mitigation of dispersion-induced effects using
- SOA in analog optical transmission” IEEE Photon.Technol. Lett., Vol. 14, No.8, pp 1166–
- , Aug. 2002.
- Ismail,T. Liu,C. P., Mitchell, J. E. and Seeds, A.
- J. “Interchannel distortion suppression for
- broadband wireless over fibre transmission using
- feed-forward linearized DFB laser” IEEE Int.
- Topical Meeting Microwave Photonics, Vol.
- TE-2, pp. 229–232, 2004.
- Lidgard, A. and. Olsson, N. A., “Generation and
- cancellation of secondorder harmonic distortion
- in analog optical systems by interferometric FMAM
- conversion” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.,
- Vol. 2, No. 7, pp. 519–521, Jul. 1990.
- Meng,X. J., Chau, T. and Wu, M. C., “Improved
- intrinsic dynamic distortions in directly
- modulated semiconductor lasers by optical
- injection locking,” IEEE Trans. Microw.
- Theory Tech., Vol.47, No. 7, pp 1172–1176, Jul.
- -
- Tang, P.K., Ong, L.C., Luo,B., Alphones, A. and
- Fujise, M. ”Transmission of multiple wireless
- standards over a radio-over-fiber network” IEEE
- MTT-S Digest 3, 2051–2054, 2004.
- Lee,S.H., Kang,S.H., Won,J.M., Kwon,Y.Y., H.C
- and Han, S.K., “Linearization of RF optical
- source by using light-injected gain modulation”
- Int Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics
- TP-37 265–268. 2005.
- Aitchison, C.S., Mbabele, C.S., Moazzam,,.
- Budimir, M., M.R.D. and F, Ali, ”Improvement
- of third-order intermodulation product of RF and
- microwave amplifiers by injection” IEEE Trans
- Microwave Theory Tech 49, pp1148–1154.
- -
- Fan, C.W, and Cheng,K-K.M. “Theoretical and
- experimental study of amplifier linearization
- based on harmonic and baseband signal
- injectiontechnique” IEEE Trans. Microwave
- Theory Tech. 50, pp1801–1806,2002.
- Yıldırım, R., “Selection of Frequency
- Components For Symmetric And Asymmetric
- Communication Systems ” J. Fac. Eng. Arch.
- Gazi Univ. Vol 23, No 2, pp 329-341, 2008
- Hassine, L. et al., “Volterra Functional Series
- Expansions for Semiconductor Lasers Under
- Modulation” IEEE J.QE, Vol 30, No 4, pp. 918-
- , April 1994.
- Schetzen, M., The Volterra and Wiener
- Theories of Nonlinear Systems, R.E. Krieger
- Publishing Co., reprint edition with additional
- material, Malabar, Fla., 1989.
- Petermann, K., Laser Diode Modulation and
- Noise, Kluwer Academic Pub.Boston,1988
- Yariv, A., Optical Electronics in Modern
- Communications, Fifth Ed. Oxford Uni.Press.
- New York 1997.
- Agrawal, G.P. and N.K. Dutta, N.K., Long-
- Wavelength Semiconductor Lasers, Van
- Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1986.
- Agrawal,G.P. and Dutta,N.K., Semiconductor
- Lasers, Second Ed. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New
- York, 1993.
Yıl 2009,
Cilt: 24 Sayı: 4, 0 - , 14.02.2013
Remzi Yıldırım
Fatih V. Çelebi
Kaynakça
- Schetzen, M., Yildirim, R. “System theory of the
- single-mode laser-diode” Opt. Commun, 219
- pp341-350., 2003.
- Yildirim, R., Schetzen, M. “Application of the
- Single–mode Laser Diode System Theory” Opt.
- Commun, 219 pp351-355., 2003.
- Aydın, E and Yıldırım, R “Optimizing the
- Performance of Single-mode Laser Diode System
- Using Genetic Algorithm” Optics and Laser in
- Eng.42 July pp41-46., 2004.
- Çelebi, F.V., Yıldırım, R., “Distortion System
- Theory of The Two Tone Small Signal Input
- Laser Diode” J. Fac. Eng. Arch. Gazi Univ. Vol
- , No 3, pp373-377., 2005.
- Yıldırım, R., “Intermodulation Distortion System
- Theory of the Three-Tone Small Signal Input
- Laser Diode with Non-Linear Optoelectronic
- Feedback” J. Fac. Eng. Arch. Gazi Univ. Vol
- , No 2, pp417-430, 2007.
- Schetzen,M.,Yıldırım,R.,Çelebi,F.V.
- “Intermodulation distortion of the single-mode
- laser-diode” Appl Phys B, Lasers and Optics,
- Vol. 93, Issue: 4 pp837-847., 2008.
- Loiko, N.A. and Samson, A.M., " Posible
- Regimes of Generation of a Semiconductor Laser
- with a Delayed Optoelectronic Feedback" Optics
- Comm. Vol. 93 pp 66- 72 Sept. 1992.
- Abarbanel, H.D.I., Kennel,M.B.,Illing,I., Chen,
- H., Fand J.M. Liu.," Synchronization and
- Communication Using Semiconductor Lasers
- with Optoelectronic Feedback" IEEE J.QE.
- Vol:37, pp 1301- 1311, Oct. 2001.
- Tabatabai,Farbot., and Al-Raweshidy, Hamed S.,
- “Feedforward Linearization Technique for
- Reducing Nonlinearity in Semiconductor Optical
- Amplifier” J. Lightwave Tech., Vol. 25, No. 9,
- September 2007.
- Lee, Sang-Hoon., Kang, Jeung-Mo., Choi, In-
- Hyuk., and Han, Sang-Kook.., “Linearization of
- DFB Laser Diode by External Light-Injected
- Cross-Gain Modulation for Radio-Over-Fiber
- Link”, IEEE Photon. Technol. Let, Vol.18,
- No.14, July 15 pp1545, 2006.
- Lim Won-ki Sung, Sang-hoon Lee duk-gyu.,
- Lim, Hae-jin And Han, Sang-kook., “Feedback
- harmonic injection technique for reduction of
- Third intermodulation distortion in radio-overfiber
- Link” Microwave and Optical Tech.
- Letters Vol. 48, No. 10, October doi 10.1002
- mop, 2006.
- Choi, In-hyuk., Lee, Sang-hoon., Kwon, Hyuk-
- Choon., Choi, Young-wan and Han, Sang-kook
- “Compensation of Intermodulation distortion of
- Laser diode by using Optoelectronically
- Predistorted signals” Microwave And Optical
- Technology Letters Vol. 48, No. 6, June 2006.
- Iiyama,Koichi., Okamoto, Takuya. and
- Takamiya, Saburo., “Linearizing Optical
- Frequency Sweep of a Laser Diode by Injection
- Current Modulation with a Rectangular-Signal-
- Superimposed Triangular Signal for FMCW
- Reflectometry” Electronics and
- Communications in Japan, Part 2, Vol. 81, No.
- , 1998 Translated from Denshi Joho Tsushin
- Gakkai Ronbunshi, Vol. J81-C-I, No. 2,
- February, pp 74-80, 1998.
- Hong M.K, Han S.K., “All optical linearization
- technique of DFB-LD based on optical injection
- locking for RF system “ Microwave And
- Opt,cal Technology Letters Vol. 49 Issue: 10
- Pages:2403-2406,Oct, 2007.
- Hsu,D. Z., Lee,S., Gong, L. P. M., Lin, Y. M. S.
- W. Lee, and M. C. Yuang., “High-efficiency
- wide-band SOA-based wavelength converters by
- using dual-pumped four-wave mixing and an
- assist beam” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., Vol.
- , No. 8, pp. 1903–1905, Aug. 2004.
- Roselli,L., Borgioni,V., Zepparelli, F., Ambrosi,
- F., Comez, M.., Faccin, P. and Casini, A.
- “Analog laser predistortion for multiservice
- radio-over fiber systems” J. Lightwave Tech.,
- Vol. 21, No. 5, pp. 1211–1223, May 2003.
- Kenington,P. B. High-Linearity RF Amplifier
- Design, Norwood, MA,Artech House, 2000.
- Tanaka, S. Taguchi, N., Kimura, T. and Atsumi,
- Y., “A predistortion type equi-path linearizer
- designed for radio-on-fiber system” IEEE Trans.
- Microw. Theory Tech., Vol.54, No.2, pp 938–
- , Feb. 2006.
- Çoskun, A. H. and Demir, S., “A mathematical
- characterization and analysis of a feedforward
- circuit for CDMA applications” IEEE Trans.
- Microw.Theory Tech., Vol. 51, No. 3, pp767–
- , Mar. 2003.
- Lau, K. Y. and Yariv, A., “Intermodulation
- distortion in a directly modulated semiconductor
- injection laser” Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 45,
- No.10, pp1034–1036, Nov. 1984.
- Jung, H. D. and Han, S. K. “Nonlinear distortion
- suppression in directly modulated DFB-LD by
- dual-parallel modulation” IEEE
- Photon.Technol. Lett., Vol. 14, No. 7, pp 980–
- , Jul. 2002.
- Jeon, D. H.., Jung,H. D. and Han, S. K.
- “Mitigation of dispersion-induced effects using
- SOA in analog optical transmission” IEEE Photon.Technol. Lett., Vol. 14, No.8, pp 1166–
- , Aug. 2002.
- Ismail,T. Liu,C. P., Mitchell, J. E. and Seeds, A.
- J. “Interchannel distortion suppression for
- broadband wireless over fibre transmission using
- feed-forward linearized DFB laser” IEEE Int.
- Topical Meeting Microwave Photonics, Vol.
- TE-2, pp. 229–232, 2004.
- Lidgard, A. and. Olsson, N. A., “Generation and
- cancellation of secondorder harmonic distortion
- in analog optical systems by interferometric FMAM
- conversion” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.,
- Vol. 2, No. 7, pp. 519–521, Jul. 1990.
- Meng,X. J., Chau, T. and Wu, M. C., “Improved
- intrinsic dynamic distortions in directly
- modulated semiconductor lasers by optical
- injection locking,” IEEE Trans. Microw.
- Theory Tech., Vol.47, No. 7, pp 1172–1176, Jul.
- -
- Tang, P.K., Ong, L.C., Luo,B., Alphones, A. and
- Fujise, M. ”Transmission of multiple wireless
- standards over a radio-over-fiber network” IEEE
- MTT-S Digest 3, 2051–2054, 2004.
- Lee,S.H., Kang,S.H., Won,J.M., Kwon,Y.Y., H.C
- and Han, S.K., “Linearization of RF optical
- source by using light-injected gain modulation”
- Int Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics
- TP-37 265–268. 2005.
- Aitchison, C.S., Mbabele, C.S., Moazzam,,.
- Budimir, M., M.R.D. and F, Ali, ”Improvement
- of third-order intermodulation product of RF and
- microwave amplifiers by injection” IEEE Trans
- Microwave Theory Tech 49, pp1148–1154.
- -
- Fan, C.W, and Cheng,K-K.M. “Theoretical and
- experimental study of amplifier linearization
- based on harmonic and baseband signal
- injectiontechnique” IEEE Trans. Microwave
- Theory Tech. 50, pp1801–1806,2002.
- Yıldırım, R., “Selection of Frequency
- Components For Symmetric And Asymmetric
- Communication Systems ” J. Fac. Eng. Arch.
- Gazi Univ. Vol 23, No 2, pp 329-341, 2008
- Hassine, L. et al., “Volterra Functional Series
- Expansions for Semiconductor Lasers Under
- Modulation” IEEE J.QE, Vol 30, No 4, pp. 918-
- , April 1994.
- Schetzen, M., The Volterra and Wiener
- Theories of Nonlinear Systems, R.E. Krieger
- Publishing Co., reprint edition with additional
- material, Malabar, Fla., 1989.
- Petermann, K., Laser Diode Modulation and
- Noise, Kluwer Academic Pub.Boston,1988
- Yariv, A., Optical Electronics in Modern
- Communications, Fifth Ed. Oxford Uni.Press.
- New York 1997.
- Agrawal, G.P. and N.K. Dutta, N.K., Long-
- Wavelength Semiconductor Lasers, Van
- Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1986.
- Agrawal,G.P. and Dutta,N.K., Semiconductor
- Lasers, Second Ed. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New
- York, 1993.