TEK SİLİNDİRLİ BİR DİZEL MOTORUNUN DİNAMİK VE TİTREŞİM ANALİZLERİ

Yıl 2012, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 3, 0 - , 19.02.2013

Erkan Öztürk Halit Karabulut

Öz

Bu araştırmada tek silindirli dört zamanlı bir dizel motorunun piston, biyel, krank ve bloğunun dinamik modelioluşturularak krank milinin çevrimlik açısal hız değişimleri ve bloğun titreşimleri incelenmiştir. Oluşturulandinamik model dört serbestlik dereceli olup sırasıyla krank milinin açısal hareketini, bloğun krank mili eksenietrafındaki açısal hareketini, bloğun düşey ve yatay doğrultulardaki doğrusal hareketlerini kapsamaktadır.Analizde dört farklı motor yükü için deneysel olarak elde edilen gaz basınç profilleri kullanılmıştır. Krankmilinin açısal hızındaki değişimlerin motor yüküyle arttığı gözlemlenmiştir. Motor bloğunun krank mili eksenietrafındaki açısal titreşimlerinin gaz kuvvetlerinden, düşey ve yatay doğrultulardaki doğrusal titreşimlerinin isepiston kütlesi ve krank milinin balansızlığından kaynaklandığı belirlenmiştir. Pistonun kütle ataletindenkaynaklanan düşey titreşimin azaltılması için kullanılan balans ağırlıklarının, yatay eksendeki titreşimi arttırdığıanlaşılmıştır. Bu sebeple düşey eksendeki titreşim genliğinin sıfırlanması yerine genliği yarıya indirecek balansağırlıklarının kullanılmasının gerekli olduğu görülmüştür. Frekansa bağlı olarak elde edilen takoz kuvvetideğerlerinden; takozların yay ve sönümleme sabitlerinin optimum değerleri sırasıyla 100 kN/m ve 1000 Ns/molarak belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Pistonlu motor, dinamik modelleme, titreşim, takoz tasarımı

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