Farklı işletme koşullarının yukarı akışlı anaerobik filtre reaktör performansına etkisi: PHREEQCI-ADM1 model karşılaştırması

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 38 Sayı: 2, 1013 - 1026, 07.10.2022

Sevgi Tokgöz Güneş , Ezgi Özgünerge Falay

https://doi.org/10.17341/gazimmfd.1031991

Öz

Çalışmada, laboratuvar ölçekli farklı filtre malzemesi doluluk oranlarında yukarı akışlı anaerobik sabit yatak filtre sisteminin yarı sürekli (Ysm) ve sürekli işletme (Sm) modlarında melas içeren sentetik atıksu için arıtma performansı incelenmiştir. %100 (AF100), %75 (AF75), %50 (AF50) ve %25 (AF25) filtre malzeme oranına sahip olan 4 reaktör, 0,5, 1 ve 2,0 kgKOİ/m³.gün organik yükleme oranlarında (YO), 2 günlük hidrolik alıkonma süresinde (HAS) ve mezofilik şartlarda (37 ± 5°C) çalıştırılmıştır. YSm modunda daha fazla olmak üzere her iki işletme modu için, YO’nın artması reaktörlerin KOİ verimleri ve performansını AF100’den AF25’e doğru azalacak şekilde etkilemiştir. En yüksek KOİ (%85), TKM (%76) ve TUKM (%71) giderme verimleri Sm’da AF100 reaktöründe 0,5 kgKOİ/m3.gün’lük YO değerinde ve en düşük KOİ (%40), TKM (%31) ve TUKM (%27) giderme verimleri ise, YSm’nda AF25 reaktöründe YO’nın 2,0 kg KOİ/m3.gün değerinde elde edilmiştir.

Çalışmada ayrıca laboratuvar ölçekte uygulanan AF100 sürekli modu işletme parametreleri kullanılarak anaerobik çürütme model No.1 (ADM1) temelinde PHREEQCI yazılımında KOİ ve biyogaz verimlerini hesaplamak için model benzetimi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Deneysel verilerin aksine model sonuçlarında YO’lardaki artışla verimlerde artış gözlenmiştir. Bu farklılığı anlayabilmek için PHREEQCI yazılımı desteğinde atmosfere kapalı şartlarda organik karbon parçalanması sürücülüğünde denitrifikasyon ve sülfat indirgenmesi modellenmiştir. Model sonuçları arıtmada verim azalmasının artan YO değerlerinde, atıksu karakterizasyonundaki azot oksitlerin denitrifikasyonun ve yüksek sülfat konsantrasyonunda düşük indirgenme hızı etkisinde metanojenez inhibisyonu nedeni ile olabileceğini göstermiştir. Mikroorganizmaların substrat rekabeti, denitrifikasyon ve sülfat indirgeyici biyokütleyi çoğaltırken metanojenez aktivitesinin azalmasına ve redoks kaymasına yol açabilmektedir. ADM1 modeli, nitrat ve sülfat indirgenmesi gibi alternatif elektron kabul eden süreçleri içermemektedir. Bu durum, ADM1 model sonuçlarının laboratuvar ölçekli çalışma sonuçlarına göre YO’nın artışıyla daha yüksek KOİ giderme verimleri oluşturmasında önemli bir diğer etken olabilir. Ancak, yine de ADM1 modeli ve PHREEQCI yazılımı birlikteliğindeki benzetim yapısı arıtma süreç yapılarının eksikliklerinin anlaşılması ve geliştirilmesinde çok güçlü bir araç olmuştur. ADM1 modelinin PHREEQCI yazılımı sürücülüğünde anaerobik süreç işletim kabiliyetinin arttırılmasının endüstriyel ve laboratuvar ölçekli sistemlerin tasarım ve işletimi açısından çok yararı vardır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Anaerobik bozunma, anaerobik filtre, melas atıksuyu, ADM1, PHREEQCI

Teşekkür

Yazarlar, Pakmaya Ekmek Mayası Fabrikası’na (İzmir, Türkiye) desteklerinden dolayı teşekkür eder.

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