Fındık yağından elde edilen biyodizelin karakteristik özelliklerine ultrasonik banyo uygulamasının etkilerinin araştırılması

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 39 Sayı: 3, 1583 - 1596, 20.05.2024

Fadime Şimşek

https://doi.org/10.17341/gazimmfd.1230079

Öz

Bu çalışmada bitkisel kökenli fındık yağına baz katalizle transesterifikasyon işlemi uygulanarak, gliserinle biyodizelin ayrışması sağlanmıştır. Çalışmada üretilen biyodizele, saflaştırılmak ve reaksiyon verimini artırmak amacıyla ultrasonik banyo muamelesi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen biyodizel numunelerine farklı sürelerde ultrasonikasyon uygulanarak, biyodizelin yapısında meydana gelen kimyasal değişikliklerin, fiziksel özelliklere etkisi araştırılmıştır. Öncelikle, serbest yağ asitliği tespit edildikten sonra rafine fındık yağı, NaOH katalizörlüğünde 55°C'de metil alkol ile transesterifikasyon reaksiyonu gerçekleştirilmiştir. Akabinde, biyodizel örneklerine belirli sürelerde ultrasonik banyo işlemi uygulanarak biyodizelin yapısına ve karakteristik özelliklerine etkisi test edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, ultrasonik banyo işlemi görmüş fındık yağı biyodizel numunelerinin FTIR analizleri, sonikasyon uygulama süresinin transesterifikasyonu doğrudan etkilediğini göstermiş, düşük uygulama sürelerinde reaksiyon verimi artarken yüksek uygulama sürelerinden biyodizel veriminin düştüğü belirlenmiştir. Bu yöntem, biyodizel eldesinde en önemli sorun olan uzun yağ zincirlerinin kısaltılmasında kimyasal yöntemler kadar iyi bir etki göstermiştir. Yöntemin yüksek verim ile daha kısa zincirli yağ asidi-metil esterlerinin oluşumunu sağladığı ve yardımcı kimyasalların uzaklaştırılması adımını içermemesi nedeniyle hızlı ve yüksek uygulama potansiyeline sahip olduğu görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Biyodizel, Fındık yağı, Ultrasonikasyon, Transesterifikasyon, Sürdürülebilir enerji

Destekleyen Kurum

Kastamonu Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırmalar Koordinatörlüğü

Proje Numarası

KÜBAP01_2015-28

Teşekkür

Çalışma kapsamında analizlere verdikleri destekleri için Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Nuray EMİN’e, Uz. Kimyager Atike Özcan’a, Havva Yazar’a ve Ant Teknik Laboratuvar Cihazları Firmasına teşekkür ederim.

Investigation of the effects of ultrasonic bath application on the characteristic properties of biodiesel obtained from hazelnut oil

Öz

In this study, the decomposition of glycerin and biodiesel was achieved by applying a base-catalyzed transesterification process to hazelnut oil of vegetable origin. Ultrasonic bath treatment was carried out to purify the biodiesel produced in the study and to increase the reaction efficiency. The effects of chemical changes in the structure of biodiesel on physical properties were investigated by applying ultrasonication to the obtained biodiesel samples at different times. First of all, after the free fatty acidity was determined, the transesterification reaction of refined hazelnut oil was carried out with methyl alcohol at 55 °C under NaOH catalysis. Afterwards, ultrasonic bathing was applied to biodiesel samples for certain periods and its effect on the structure and characteristics of biodiesel was tested. As a result, FTIR analyzes of ultrasonically treated hazelnut oil biodiesel samples showed that sonication application time directly affected transesterification, it was determined that while reaction efficiency increased at low application times, biodiesel yield decreased at higher application times. This method showed as good an effect as chemical methods in shortening the long oil chains, which is the most important problem in biodiesel production. It has been seen that the method has a fast and high application potential because it provides the formation of shorter chain fatty acid-methyl esters with high efficiency and does not include the removal of auxiliary chemicals.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Biodiesel, Hazelnut oil, Ultrasonication, Transesterification, Sustainable energy

Proje Numarası

KÜBAP01_2015-28

Kaynakça

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