Geleneksel ve flaş sinterleme yöntemlerinin ZrO2-SnO2 nanokompozitlerin özelliklerine etkisi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 39 Sayı: 3, 1611 - 1620, 20.05.2024

Zeynep Çetinkaya

https://doi.org/10.17341/gazimmfd.1255470

Öz

ZrO2-SnO2 nanokompoziti, elektro-eğirme tekniği ile nanofiber (NF) formunda hacimce (%v/v) üç farklı oranda üretilmiştir. NF’lerin mikro yapısı ve morfolojik karakterizasyonu, ZrO2-SnO2-ZrSnO4’ün üçlü sistemini ortaya koymaktadır. Ayrıca, NF’lerin bileşim oranı değiştirildiğinde, hem bant aralığı hem de elektriksel (flaş) sinterleme (ES veya FS) olayının sıcaklık ve sinter süresi değişimini etkilemiştir. FS deneyleri, termal (844-878 oC) ve elektrik alanı (420V/mm) altında 3,77mA/mm2 akım kesiminde kullanılmıştır. 1,58W/mm3 maksimum güç absorpsiyonu ile 80 saniyeden daha kısa bir sürede oldukça yoğun nanokompozitler elde edilmiştir. Düşük sinterleme sıcaklığı ve süresi sayesinde nanokompozitlerin nano yapılı yüzey morfolojisi elde edilmiştir. FS işleminin yanı sıra ZrO2-SnO2-ZrSnO4 KNF’leri geleneksel sinterleme (GS) yöntemi kullanılarak 1200 oC’de 1 saat süre ile sinterlenmiştir. Bu çalışmada, sinterleme tekniklerindeki farklılığın sinterlenme sıcaklığına ve süresine bunun yanında yoğunluk ve sertlik gibi özelliklerine etkileri incelenmiştir. Kompozisyondaki Sn miktarı (%v/v) arttıkça yoğunluk artmakta ancak sertlik değeri düşmektedir. ZrO2-SnO2-ZrSnO4 KNF’lerinde FS işlemi ile GS’ye göre daha yoğun ve daha sert kompozisyonlar elde edildiği kanıtlanmıştır. Bu sonuçların tamamı değerlendirildiğinde, sentezlenen nanokompozitlerin, model organizmada antimikrobiyal etkisi ve toksik olmaması nedeniyle diş implantları gibi sağlık sisteminde geçerli bir aday olarak kullanılabileceğine inanılmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Elektriksel sinterleme, geleneksel sinterleme, kompozit fiber, ZrO2-SnO2, sertlik

Destekleyen Kurum

Konya Teknik Üniversitesi BAP

Proje Numarası

221019015

Teşekkür

Dr. İlyas ŞAVKLIYILDIZ’a cihaz ve teknik desteği için teşekkür ederim.

Kaynakça

• 1. Kaviyarasu, K., Kotsedi, L., Simo, A., Fuku, X., Mola, G. T., Kennedy, J., Maaza, M.Photocatalytic activity of ZrO2 doped lead dioxide nanocomposites: Investigation of structural and optical microscopy of RhB organic dye, Applied surface science, 421, 234-239, 2017.
• 2. Ali Baig, A. B., Rathinam, V., Palanınathan, J., Photodegradation activity of yttrium-doped SnO2 nanoparticles against methylene blue dye and antibacterial effects, Applied Water Science, 10 (2), 76, 2020.
• 3. Coble, R.L., Sintering Crystalline Solids. I. Intermediate and Final State Diffusion Models, Sōmiya, S., Moriyoshi, Y. (eds) Sintering Key Papers. Springer, Dordrecht, 55-67, 1990.
• 4. Coble, R.L., Sintering crystalline solids II. Experimental test of diffusion models in powder compacts, Sōmiya, S., Moriyoshi, Y. (eds) Sintering Key Papers. Springer, Dordrecht, 69-83, 1990.
• 5. Bocanegra-Bernal, M. H., Hot isostatic pressing (HIP) technology and its applications to metals and ceramics, Journal of Materials Science, 39 (21), 6399-6420, 2004.
• 6. Mitomo, M., Uenosono, S., Gas pressure sintering of β-silicon nitride, Journal of Materials Science, 26, 3940-3944, 1991.
• 7. Mamedov, V., Spark plasma sintering as advanced PM sintering method, Powder Metallurgy, 45 (4), 322-328, 2002.
• 8. Akdoğan, E. K., Şavklıyıldız, İ., Biçer, H., Paxton, W., Toksoy, F., Zhong, Z., Tsakalakos, T., Anomalous lattice expansion in yttria-stabilized zirconia under simultaneous applied electric and thermal fields: A time-resolved in situ energy dispersive X-ray diffractometry study with an ultrahigh energy synchrotron probe, Journal of Applied Physics, 11 (23), 2013.
• 9. Cologna, M., Rashkova, B., Raj, R., Flash sintering of nanograin zirconia in < 5 s at 850oC, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 93, (11), 3556-3559, 2010.
• 10. Dahl, P., Kaus, I., Zhao, Z., Johnsson, M., Nygren, M., Wiik, K., Grande, T., Einarsrud, M. A., Densification and properties of zirconia prepared by three different sintering techniques, Ceramics International, 33 (8) 1603-1610, 2007.
• 11. Francis, J. S. C., Raj, R., Flash‐sinter forging of nanograin zirconia: field assisted sintering and superplasticity, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 95 (1), 138-146, 2012.
• 12. Francis, J. S. C, Raj, R., Influence of the field and the current limit on flash sintering at isothermal furnace temperatures. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 96 (9), 2754-2758, 2013.
• 13. Cologna, M., Prette, A. L. G., Raj, R., Flash‐sintering of cubic yttria‐stabilized zirconia at 750℃ for possible use in SOFC manufacturing, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 94 (2), 316-319, 2011.
• 14. Hao, X., Liu, Y., Wang, Z., Qiao, J., Sun, K., A novel sintering method to obtain fully dense gadolinia doped ceria by applying a direct current, Journal of Power Sources, 210, 86-91, 2012.
• 15. Karakuscu, A., Cologna, M., Yarotski, D., Won, J., Francis, J. S., Raj, R., Uberuaga, B. P., Defect structure of flash‐sintered strontium titanate, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 95 (8), 2531-2536, 2012.
• 16. M’Peko, J. C., Francis, J. S. C., Raj, R., Field-assisted sintering of undoped BaTiO3: Microstructure evolution and dielectric permittivity, Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 34 (15), 3655-3660, 2014.
• 17. Prette, A. L., Cologna, M., Sglavo, V., & Raj, R., Flash-sintering of Co2MnO4 spinel for solid oxide fuel cell applications, Journal of Power Source, 196 (4), 2061-2065, 2011.
• 18. Yu, M., Grasso, S., Mckinnon, R., Saunders, T., & Reece, M. J., Review of flash sintering: materials, mechanisms and modeling, Advances in Applied Ceramics, 116 (1), 24-60, 2017.
• 19. Bichaud, E., Chaix, J. M., Carry, C., Kleitz, M., & Steil, M. C., Flash sintering incubation in Al2O3/TZP composites, Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 35 (9) 2587-2592, 2015.
• 20. Wang, Q., Zhang, G., Li, Y., Hong, Z., Wang, D., Shi, S., Application of phase-field method in rechargeable batteries, Computational Materials, 6 (1), 176, 2020.
• 21. Lee, N. W., Yoon, K. R., Lee, J. Y., Park, Y., Pyo, S. J., Kim, G. Y., Ha, D. H., Ryu, W. H., Highly conductive off-stoichiometric zirconium oxide nanofibers with controllable crystalline structures and bandgaps and improved electrochemical activities, ACS Applied Energy Materials, 2 (5), 3513-3522, 2019.
• 22. Abd-Elwahed, M. S., Ibrahim, A. F., Reda, M. M., Effects of ZrO2 nanoparticle content on microstructure and wear behavior of titanium matrix composite, Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 9 (4), 8528-8534, 2020.
• 23. Akdoğan, E. K., Şavklıyıldız, İ., Berke, B., Zhong, Z., Wang, L., Vaughan, M., Tsakalakos, T., High-pressure phase transformations in MgO-Y2O3 nanocomposites, Applied Physics Letters, 99 (14), 2011.
• 24. El-Wazery, M., Electrical and mechanical performance of zirconia-nickel functionally graded materials, International Journal of Engineering, 2013, 26.4: 375-382.
• 25. Akdoğan, E. K., Şavklιyιldιz, İ., Berke, B., Zhong, Z., Wang, L., Weidner, D., Croft, M. C., Tsakalakos, T., Pressure effects on phase equilibria and solid solubility in MgO-Y2O3 nanocomposites, Journal of Applied Physics, 111 (5), 2012.
• 26. Şavklıyıldız, İ., Akdoğan, E. K., Zhong, Z., Wang, L., Weidner, D., Vaughan, M., Croft, M. C., Tsakalakos, T., Phase transformations in hypereutectic MgO-Y2O3 nanocomposites at 5.5 GPa, Journal of Applied Physics, 113 (20), 2013.
• 27. Anitha, V. S., Lekshmy, S. S., Joy, K., Bandgap tuning of ZrO2-SnO2 nanocomposite thin films by sol-gel dip coating technique, Materials Today: Proceedings, 2 (3), 1026-1030, 2015.
• 28. Surbhi, S., Kumar, S., Studies on Structural Parameters of ZrO2–SnO2 Binary System, In Physics of Semiconductor Devices: 17th International Workshop on the Physics of Semiconductor Devices, Springer International Publishing, 717-719, 2014.
• 29. Anitha, V. S., Lekshmy, S. S., Joy, K., Effect of Mn doping on the structural, magnetic, optical and electrical properties of ZrO2–SnO2 thin films prepared by sol–gel method, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 675, 331-340, 2016.
• 30. Kim, J. S., Kim, S. Y., Kim, D. H., Ott, R. T., Kim, H. G., Lee, M. H., Effect of hydrothermal condition on the formation of multi-component oxides of Ni-based metallic glass under high temperature water near the critical point, AIP Advances, 5 (7), 2015.
• 31. Shima, S., Alexander, J. M., Tobias, S. A., Koenigsberger, F., Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Machine Tool Design and Research Conference, Macmillan Education UK, London, 471-478, 1973.
• 32. Çetinkaya, Z., Güneş, E., Şavkliyildiz, İ., Investigation of biochemical properties of flash sintered ZrO2–SnO2 nanofibers, Materials Chemistry and Physics, 293, 126900, 2023.
• 33. Dursun, S., Kaya, I. C., Kalem, V., Akyildiz, H., UV/visible light active CuCrO2 nanoparticle–SnO2 nanofiber p–n heterostructured photocatalysts for photocatalytic applications, Dalton Transactions, 47 (41), 14662-14678, 2018. 34. Çetinkaya, Z., Kalem, V., Production of red mud based nanofibers and their potential in arsenate removal from waste water, Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 43(7), 1079-1088, 2022.
• 35. Biçer, H., Akdoğan, E. K., Şavklıyıldız, İ., Haines, C., Zhong, Z., & Tsakalakos, T., Thermal expansion of nano–boron carbide under constant DC electric field: An in situ energy dispersive X-ray diffraction study using a synchrotron probe, Journal of Materials Research, 35 (1), 90-97, 2020.
• 36. Çetinkaya, Z., Flaş sinterleme yönteminin uçucu kül mikroyapısına etkisi, Journal of The Faculty of Engineering and Architechure of Gazi University, 37 (1), 137-144, 2021.
• 37. Şavklıyıldız, İ., Okur, Ç., Akdoğan, E. K., Flash sintering and dielectric properties of K0.5Na0.5NbO3. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 105 (1), 469-480, 2022.
• 38. Şavkliyildiz, İ., Demir, A., Flash sintering effect on PMN-PT ceramics. El-Cezeri, 8 (2), 793-799, 2022.
• 39. Song, S., Wei, J., He, X., Yan, G., Jiao, M., Zeng, W., Dai, F., Shi, M., Oxygen vacancies generated by Sn-doped ZrO2 promoting the synthesis of dimethyl carbonate from methanol and CO2, RSC advances, 11(56), 35361-35374, 2021.
• 40. Channu, V. R., Kalluru, R. R., Schlesinger, M., Mehring, M., & Holze, R., Synthesis and characterization of ZrO2 nanoparticles for optical and electrochemical applications, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 386 (1-3), 151-157, 2011.
• 41. Shi, F., Li, Y., Wang, H., Zhang, Q., Fabrication of well-dispersive yttrium-stabilized cubic zirconia nanoparticles via vapor phase hydrolysis, Progress in Natural Science: Materials International, 22 (1), 15-20, 2012.
• 42. Athar, T., Vishwakarma, S. K., Bardia, A., Alabass, R., Alqarlosy, A., Khan, A. A., Green approach for the synthesis and characterization of ZrSnO4 nanopowder, Applied Nanoscience, 6, 767-777, 2016.
• 43. Anitha, V. S., Lekshmy, S. S., Joy, K., Effect of annealing temperature on optical and electrical properties of ZrO2–SnO2 nanocomposite thin films, Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 24, 4340-4345, 2013.
• 44. Mote, V. D., Dargad, J. S., Dole, B. N., Effect of Mn doping concentration on structural, morphological, and optical studies of ZnO nanoparticles, Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, 1(2), 116-122,2013.
• 45. Sokolov, V. I., Druzhinin, A. V., Gruzdev, N. B., Dejneka, A., Churpita, O., Hubicka, Z., Jastrabic, L., Trepakov, V., Optical evidence of strong coupling between valence-band holes and d-localized spins in Zn1− x MnxO, Physical Review B, 81(15), 153104, 2010.
• 46. Cologna, M., Francis, J. S., Raj, R., Field-assisted and flash sintering of alumina and its relationship to conductivity and MgO-doping, Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 31(15), 2827-2837, 2011.
• 47. Raj, R., Analysis of the power density at the onset of flash sintering, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 99 (10), 3226-3232, 2016.
• 48. Wagner, R. K., Kline, H. E., High-Strength Zirconium Alloys, Atomics International, 1959.