The Effect of Graftıng On Some Qualıty Parameters of Tomato Fruıt Under Salt Stress

Öz

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of grafting on different tomato rootstocks on the quality characteristics of tomato fruits under saline conditions. Nine tomato rootstocks were used in the experiment (Amaron F₁ (Antalya Tarım), Beaufort F₁ (Antalya Tarım, Monsanto), Hamarat F₁ 9T7379 (Multi Seeds), Embajador RZ Fı (Rijk Zwaan), Armstrong F₁ 500292 (Syngenta), UG 5433 Fı, Suketto F₁ (United Genetics), Sarar F₁ and Kalyon Fı (Yüksel Tohum)). Nongrafted and self-grafted plants were used as controls. Alsancak F1 undeterminate tomato variety (Yüksel Tohum) was used as scion. The seedlings were planted on April 20, 2023. Plants were grown in the greenhouse under soilless conditions and in peat + perlite (3:1) media. Modified Hoagland nutrient solution was used to fertilizing the plants. Control and 3 different salt concentrations were used in the experiment. In the control application, Hoagland nutrient solution was used with an EC of 1.80 dS m−1 until flowering and an EC of 2.0 dS m−1 after flowering. The pH of the nutrient solution was adjusted to 6.5. In the salt stress application, 25, 50 and 75 mM NaCl were used. The experiment was carried out with 3 replications according to the randomized plot design, and 6 plants were grown in each plot. In the study, water soluble solid matter (scm-brix) (%), electrical conductivity (EC) (dS/m), pH, titratable acidity (%) (citric acid), and fruit firmness were measured. While salt stress caused significant increases in quality parameters affecting taste and aroma in tomato fruits, the effect of grafting applications varied according to rootstocks. Increasing salt concentrations resulted in a linear increase in soluble solids matter, titratable acidity, electrical conductivity and fruit firmness. No significant relationship was found between fruit pH content and salinity. Apart from the control plants, among the 9 rootstocks, none of the rootstocks stood out clearly under salt stress conditions. However, some grafting combinations provided an increase in quality parameters compared to the control. Especially at high salt concentrations, grafting increased the water-soluble solids, titratable acidity and fruit firmness.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Brix
• pH
• Electircial conductivity
• Fruit firmness
• Titretable acidity
• Salt stress.

Aşılamanın Tuz Stresinde Domates Meyvesinin Bazı Kalite Parametreleri Üzerine Etkisi

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı domateste farklı anaçlar üzerine aşılamanın tuz stresi altında domates meyvelerinde kalite özelliklerine etkisi araştırılmıştır. Denemede 9 farklı domates aşı anacı kullanılmıştır (Amaron F₁ Fı (Antalya Tarım), Beaufort F₁ Fı (Antalya Tarım, Monsanto), Hamarat F₁ 9T7379 (Multi Seeds), Embajador RZ Fı (Rijk Zwaan), Armstrong F₁ 500292 (Syngenta), UG 5433 Fı, Suketto F₁ Fı (United Genetics), Sarar F₁ Fı ve Kalyon Fı (Yüksel Tohum)). Aşısız ve kendi üzerine aşılı bitkiler kontrol olarak kullanılmıştır. Aşılamada ticari çeşit olarak Alsancak F1 sırık domates çeşidi (Yüksel Tohum) kullanılmıştır. Fideler 20 Nisan 2023 tarihinde dikilmiştir. Bitkiler serada topraksız tarım koşullarında ve torf +perlit (3:1) ortamında yetiştirilmiştir. Bitkilerin gübrelenmesinde Hoagland besin solüsyonu modifiye edilerek kullanılmıştır. Denemede kontrol ve 3 farklı tuz konsantrasyonu kullanılmıştır. Kontrol uygulamasında Hoagland besin solüsyonu çiçeklenmeye kadar EC 1,80 dS m−1, çiçeklenmeden sonra EC 2,0 dS m−1 olacak şekilde kullanılmıştır. Besin solusyonunun pH’sı 6,5 olacak şekilde ayarlanmıştır. Tuz stresi uygulamasında 25, 50 ve 75 mM NaCl kullanılmıştır. Deneme tesadüf parselleri deneme desenine göre 3 tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüş, her parselde 6 bitki yetiştirilmiştir. Çalışmada suda çözünebilir kuru madde (sçkm-brix) (%), elektriksel iletkenlik (EC) (dS/m), pH, titre edilebilir asit miktarı (titrasyon asitliği) (%) (sitrik asit), ve meyve eti sertliği ölçümleri yapılmıştır. Tuz stresi domates meyvelerinde tat ve aromaya etki eden kalite parametrelerinde önemli artışlar sağlarken, aşı uygulamalarının etkisi anaçlara göre değişmiştir. Artan tuz konsantrasyonları suda çözünebilir kuru madde, titrasyon asitliği, elektriksel iletkenlik ve meyve eti sertliğinde lineer bir artış sağlamıştır. Meyve pH içeriği ile tuzluluk arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunamamıştır. Kontrol bitkileri dışında 9 anaç içinde tuz stresi koşullarında bariz olarak bir anaç öne çıkmamıştır. Bununla beraber bazı aşı kombinasyonları kontrole göre kalite parametrelinde artış sağlamıştır. Özellikle yüksek tuz konsantrasyonlarında aşılama suda çözünebilir kuru madde, titre edilebilir asit miktarı ve meyve eti sertliğini artırmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• SÇKM
• pH
• Elektriksel iletkenlik
• Meyve sertliği
• Titre edilebilir asit
• Tuz stresi.

Kaynakça

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