Araştırma Makalesi

Evaluation of Material Selection Impact on Replacement-based Embodied Carbon Emissions: A Case Study in Tokat

Cilt: 15 Sayı: 1 30 Nisan 2026
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Evaluation of Material Selection Impact on Replacement-based Embodied Carbon Emissions: A Case Study in Tokat

Öz

Embodied carbon emissions play a critical role in mitigating climate change in the built environment. Reducing the embodied carbon footprint has become increasingly important across distinct areas. Construction activities have a remarkable impact on embodied carbon emissions. During building use, material and component obsolescence, or the end of their service lifetime, triggers building replacements. These replacement-based construction activities lead to embodied carbon emissions. The replacements vary due to distinct material and component choices and have variations in embodied carbon emissions. Hence, this study aims to assess the impact of material selection on embodied carbon emissions for building replacements in the scope of a representative building in Tokat. The embodied carbon emissions of replaceable building elements and components were manually calculated for the use phase of the buildings. In this regard, two distinct replacement-based scenarios were created for the reference building. While conventional materials were selected for replacements in the first scenario, low-carbon materials were chosen in the second. The results revealed that 36% of embodied carbon emissions (12.7 t CO2e) can be reduced by choosing more environmentally friendly materials with lower carbon emissions, such as wooden, water-based, and emulsion-based materials. The waterproofing membranes, roofing tiles, windows, and interior doors were significant elements and components in the case study, helping reduce total embodied carbon emissions. The results showed the importance of material selection for building replacements, which is crucial for architects, engineers, and decision-makers to provide more sustainable solutions within the scope of replacement-based embodied carbon emissions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

  1. Bacheva, T. S., Raposo Grau, J. F., 2025. Embodied Impacts in Buildings: A Systematic Review of Life Cycle Gaps and Sectoral Integration Strategies, Buildings 2025, Vol. 15, Page 1661. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 15(10), p. 1661. doi: 10.3390/BUILDINGS15101661.
  2. Balasbaneh, A. T., Bin Marsono, A. K., Gohari, A., 2019. Sustainable materials selection based on flood damage assessment for a building using LCA and LCC, Journal of Cleaner Production. Elsevier, 222, pp. 844–855. doi: 10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2019.03.005.
  3. Barbhuiya, S., Das, B. B., 2023. Life Cycle Assessment of construction materials: Methodologies, applications and future directions for sustainable decision-making, Case Studies in Construction Materials. Elsevier, 19, p. e02326. doi: 10.1016/J.CSCM.2023.E02326.
  4. Bayraktar, M., Binatlı, B., Üzümoğlu, T., 2023. Türkiye Bina Sektörü Karbonsuzlaşma Yol Haritası. Available at: https://webdosya.csb.gov.tr/db/meslekihizmetler/menu/turkiye_bina_sektoru_karbonsuzlasma_yol_haritasi_-v1_20231218095757.pdf (Accessed: 19 March 2025).
  5. Bradford, K., Gentry, R., Ben-Alon, L., Kurtis, K., 2025. Construction 3D printing material selection: Minimizing cost and carbon footprint of residential wall assemblies, Construction and Building Materials. Elsevier, 493, p. 143150. doi: 10.1016/J.CONBUILDMAT.2025.143150.
  6. BRE Global, 2018. Methodology for the Environmental Assessment of Buildings Using EN 15978:2011. Available at: https://www.greenbooklive.com/filelibrary/EN_15804/PN326-BRE-EN-15978-Methodology.pdf (Accessed: 3 July 2022).
  7. Cabeza, L. F., Boquera, L., Chàfer, M., Vérez, D., 2021. Embodied energy and embodied carbon of structural building materials: Worldwide progress and barriers through literature map analysis, Energy and Buildings. Elsevier, 231, p. 110612. doi: 10.1016/J.ENBUILD.2020.110612.
  8. Cabeza, L. F., Bai, Q., Bertoldi, P., Kihila, J.M., Lucena, A.F.P., Mata, É., Mirasgedis, S., Novikova, A., Saheb, Y., 2022. IPCC Sixth Assessment Report Working Group III: Mitigation of Climate Change, Chapter 9: Buildings, Climate Change 2022 - Mitigation of Climate Change. New York, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press. doi: 10.1017/9781009157926.011.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Mimarlıkta Malzeme ve Teknoloji, Sürdürülebilir Mimari, Mimarlık (Diğer)

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yazarlar

Yayımlanma Tarihi

30 Nisan 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

31 Aralık 2025

Kabul Tarihi

9 Ocak 2026

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Cilt: 15 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA
Bıyık, H. (2026). Evaluation of Material Selection Impact on Replacement-based Embodied Carbon Emissions: A Case Study in Tokat. Gaziosmanpaşa Bilimsel Araştırma Dergisi, 15(1), 55-69. https://izlik.org/JA46TD45FM
AMA
1.Bıyık H. Evaluation of Material Selection Impact on Replacement-based Embodied Carbon Emissions: A Case Study in Tokat. GBAD. 2026;15(1):55-69. https://izlik.org/JA46TD45FM
Chicago
Bıyık, Hatice. 2026. “Evaluation of Material Selection Impact on Replacement-based Embodied Carbon Emissions: A Case Study in Tokat”. Gaziosmanpaşa Bilimsel Araştırma Dergisi 15 (1): 55-69. https://izlik.org/JA46TD45FM.
EndNote
Bıyık H (01 Nisan 2026) Evaluation of Material Selection Impact on Replacement-based Embodied Carbon Emissions: A Case Study in Tokat. Gaziosmanpaşa Bilimsel Araştırma Dergisi 15 1 55–69.
IEEE
[1]H. Bıyık, “Evaluation of Material Selection Impact on Replacement-based Embodied Carbon Emissions: A Case Study in Tokat”, GBAD, c. 15, sy 1, ss. 55–69, Nis. 2026, [çevrimiçi]. Erişim adresi: https://izlik.org/JA46TD45FM
ISNAD
Bıyık, Hatice. “Evaluation of Material Selection Impact on Replacement-based Embodied Carbon Emissions: A Case Study in Tokat”. Gaziosmanpaşa Bilimsel Araştırma Dergisi 15/1 (01 Nisan 2026): 55-69. https://izlik.org/JA46TD45FM.
JAMA
1.Bıyık H. Evaluation of Material Selection Impact on Replacement-based Embodied Carbon Emissions: A Case Study in Tokat. GBAD. 2026;15:55–69.
MLA
Bıyık, Hatice. “Evaluation of Material Selection Impact on Replacement-based Embodied Carbon Emissions: A Case Study in Tokat”. Gaziosmanpaşa Bilimsel Araştırma Dergisi, c. 15, sy 1, Nisan 2026, ss. 55-69, https://izlik.org/JA46TD45FM.
Vancouver
1.Hatice Bıyık. Evaluation of Material Selection Impact on Replacement-based Embodied Carbon Emissions: A Case Study in Tokat. GBAD [Internet]. 01 Nisan 2026;15(1):55-69. Erişim adresi: https://izlik.org/JA46TD45FM