Güç Testleri ile Farklı Yıllara ait Datura stramonium L. Tohumlarının Canlılıklarının Belirlenmesi

Öz

Hızlandırılmış yaşlandırma testi birçok kültürü yapılan türün tohumlarında canlılığı belirlemek için kullanılan güç testlerinden biridir. Bu yöntemle tohumun su alımındaki fark, nemli bir ortama maruz kaldıklarında nem içeriğinde büyük bir değişikliğin meydana gelebilmesidir. Bu nedenle, tohumlarda hızlandırılmış yaşlandırma testi için tuz çözeltileri yerine su kullanımı gibi bazı alternatifler araştırılmıştır. Çalışma 2018 yılında Uşak Üniversitesi Ziraat ve Doğa Bilimleri Fakültesi Araştırma Laboratuvarı'nda (2006-2016) farklı yaşlardaki Datura stramonium L. türlerine ait 4 lot ile yürütülmüştür. Çalışmamızın amacı, yabancı ot tohumlarının fizyolojik potansiyelini değerlendirmek için hızlandırılmış yaşlandırma testinin metodolojisini incelemek ve doymuş/doymuş NaCl çözeltilerinin tohumlardan su alımını kontrol etmenin alternatifi olarak kullanma olasılığını doğrulamaktır. Bu amaçla kullandığımız testler; nem içeriği testi (fırın yöntemi), çimlenme ve fide çıkış testleri (25 ⁰C, 30 gün), hızlandırılmış yaşlandırma testi (kontrol/su), doymuş ve doymamış NaCl çözeltisi kullanılarak hızlandırılmış yaşlandırma (42 ° C, 24, 48, 72 ve 96 saat) ve EC testleridir (24, 48 ve 72 saat). Tohum nem içeriği yaklaşık % 3-7 arasında bulunmuştur. Genel olarak, 2011 ve 2016 tohumları yaşlandırma testlerinde iyi sonuçlar vermiş olup, bu durum yaşayabilirlik performansının farklı şekillerde karşılaştırılmasına olanak sağlamıştır. Ancak, test süreleri arasında anlamlı bir fark gözlenmemiştir. Fide çıkış testinde ise 2016 tohumları sonuç vermiştir. Sebze tohumlarında uygulanan bu alternatif güç testlerinin yabancı ot tohumlarında da test edilebileceği gözlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Datura stramonium L.,çimlenme kapasitesi,güç testleri,fide çıkışı

Kaynakça

1. Abdul-Baki, A.A. 1980. Biochemical aspects of seed vigor. HortScience, 15, 765-771.
2. Alvarado, V., Bradford, K.J.A. 2002. Hydrothermal time model explains the cardinal temperatures for seed germination. Plant Cell. Environ., v. 25, n. 8, p. 1061-1069.
3. Association of Official Seed Analiysts [AOSA] 2002. Seed Vigor Testing Handbook. AOSA, Lincoln, NE, USA.
4. Bhering, M.C., Dias, D.C.F.S., Barros, D.I., Tokuhisa, D. 2003. Evaluation of the vigor on watermelon seeds (Citrullus lanatus Scherad.) by the accelerated aging test. Rev. Bras. Sem., 25, 1-6.
5. Bewley, J.D., Black, A.M. 1994. Seeds-physiology of development and germination. New York, Plenum Press, 445.
6. Bidwell, R.G.S. 1979. Plant physiology. 2ed. Edition. MacMillan Publishing Co., New York.
7. Bouwmeester, H.J. 1990. The effect of environmental conditions on the seasonal dormancy pattern and germination of weed seeds. PhD thesis. Wageningen University, Wageningen.
8. Burris, J.S., Navratil, R.J. 1979. Relationship between laboratory cold test methods and field emergence in maize inbreds. Agronomy Journal, 71, 985-988.

9. Camper, N.D. 1986. Research methods in weed science. Southern Weed Science Society. 2nd edn. Plenum Press. New York.
10. Carvalho, L.F., Sediyama, C.S., Rei,s M.S., Dias, D.C.F.S., Moreira, M.A. 2009. Influence of soaking temperature of soybean seeds in the electrical conductivity test to evaluate physiological quality. Revista Brasileira de Sementes, 31, 9–17 (in Portuguese, with abstract in English).
11. Chauhan, B.S. et al. 2006. Factors affecting seed germination of threehorn bedstraw (Galium tricornutum) in Australia. Weed Sci., v. 54, n. 3, p. 471-477.
12. Chauhan, B.S., Jonhson, D.E. 2008. Germination ecology of two troublesome asteraceae species of rainfed rice: siam weed (Chromolaena odorata) and coat buttons (Tridax procumbens). Weed Sci., v. 56, n. 4, p. 567-573.
13. Colete, J.C.F., Vieira, R.D., Dutra, A.S. 2004. Electrical conductivity and soybean seedling emergence. Scientia Agricola, 61, 386- 391.
14. Copeland, L.O., McDonald, M.B. 1995. Principles of Seed Science and Technology, 3rd ed.. Champan and Hall, United States of America, New York, 181-220.
15. Forcella, F., Arnold, R.L.B., Sanchez, R., Ghersab, C.M. 2000. Modeling seedling emergence. Field Crop Res., v. 67, n. 1, p. 123-139.
16. Gan, Y., Stobbe, E.H., Njue, C. 1996. Evaluation of select nonlinear regression models in quantifying seedling emergence rate of spring wheat. Crop Sci., v. 36, n. 1, p. 165-168.
17. Ghasemi-Golezani, K., Salehian, H., Rahimzade-Khoee, F., Moghadam, M. 1996. The effect of seed vigor on seedling emergence and yield of wheat. Natural Resources and Agricultural Sciences, 3, 58-48.
18. Guan, B., Zhou, D., Zhang, H., Tian, Y., Japhet, W., Wang, P. 2009. Germination responses of Medicago ruthenica seeds to salinity, alkalinity, and temperature. J. Arid Environ., v. 73, n. 1, p. 135-138.
19. Hampton, J.G., Coolbear, P. 1990. Potential versus actual seed performance- can vigor testing provide an answer? Seed Science and Technology, 18, 215-228.
20. Hampton, J.G., TeKrony, D.M. 1995. Handbook of vigour test methods. (Intl. Seed Testing Assn, Zurich, Switzerland).
21. Happ, K., McDonald, M.B., Danneberger, T.K. 1993. Vigor testing in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) seeds. Seed Science and Technology, 21, 375-381.
22. ISTA 1993. International rules for seed testing. Seed Science ve Technology 21: Supplement, Rules.
23. ISTA 2008. International Rules for Seed Testing. International. Seed Testing Association, Bassersdorf, Switzerland.
24. Jianhua, Z., McDonald, M.B. 1996. The saturated salt accelerated aging test for small-seeded crops. Seed Sci. Technol., 25, 123-131.
25. Jr. Wilson, D.O., Jr. McDonald, M.B. 1986. The lipid peroxidation model of seed aging. Seed Science and Technology, 14, 269-300.
26. Karakurt, H., Aslantaş, R., Eşitken, A. 2010. Tohum Çimlenmesi ve Bitki Büyümesi Üzerinde Etkili Olan Çevresel Faktörler ve Bazı ön Uygulamalar. Uludağ Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 24(2), 115-128.
27. Karssen, C.M., Derkx & B.J. Pos,t M.P.M. 1988. Study of seasonal variation in dormancy of Spergula arvensis L. seeds in a condensed annual temperature cycle. Weed Research 28: 449-457.
28. Koostra, P.T., Harrington, J.F. 1969. Biochemical effects of age on membrane of Cucumis sativus L. seeds. Proceedings of the International Seed Testing Association, 34, 329-340.
29. Letchamo, W., Gosselin, A. 1996. Light, Temperature and Duration of Storage Govern the Gerination and Emergence of Taraxacum officinale Seed. J. Hortic. Sci., 71:373-377.
30. Loeffler, T.M., TeKrony, D.M., Egli, D.B. 1988. The bulk conductivity test as an indicator of soybean seed quality. Journal of Seed Technology, 12, 37–53.
31. Maguire, J.D., Overland, A. 1959. Laboratory Germination of Seeds of Weedy and Native Plants. Washington Agric. Exp. Sta. Circ., 349.15 pp.
32. Marcos-Filho, J., McDonald, M.B. 1998. Sensitivity of RAPD analysis, germination and vigor tests to detect the intensity of deterioration of naturally and artificially aged soybean seeds. Seed Science and Technology, 26, 141-157.
33. Marcos Filho, J. 1999. Accelerated aging test. In: Krzyzanowski, F.C., R.D. Vieira, and J. B. França (eds.). Seed vigor. Concepts and testing. Abrates, Londrina, Brazil.
34. Martinkova, Z., Honek, A. 1997. Germination and Seed Viability in a Dandelion, Taraxacum officinale Agg. Ochr. Rostl., 33:125-133.
35. Maiti, R.K., De J. Carrillo Gutierrez, M. 1989. Effect of planting depth on seedling emergence and vigor in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moeuch). Seed Science and Technology, 17, 83-90.
36. Mezynski, P.R., Cole, D.F. 1974. Germination of Dandelion Seed on a Thermogradient Plate. Weed Sci., 22:506-507.
37. Otsamo, R., Adjers, G., Kuusipalo, J., Otsamo, A., Susilo, N., Tuomela, K. 1996. Effect of Nursey Practices on Seed Germination of Selected Dipterocarp Species. J. Trop. For. Sci., 9(1):23-24.
38. Pandey, P.K., Goyal, R.D., Parakash, V., Katiyar, R.P., Singh, C.B. 1990. Association between laboratory vigor tests and field emergence in cucurbits. Seed Sci Res, 18, 40-43.
39. Panobianco, M., Vieira, R.D. 1996. Electrical conductivity of soybean soaked seeds. I. Effect of genotype. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 31, 621-627.
40. Panobianco, M., Filho, J.M. 2001. Accelerated aging and controlled deterioration of tomato seeds. Sci. Agric., 58, 525-531.
41. Panobianco, M., Vieira, R.D., Perecin, D. 2007. Electrical conductivity as an indicator of pea seed aging of stored at different temperatures. Scientia Agricola, 64, 119–124.
42. Ram, C., Weisner, L.E. 1988. Effect of artificial aging on physiological and biochemical parameters of seed quality in wheat. Seed Science and Technology, 16, 579-587.
43. Ramos, N.P., Flor, E.P.O., Mendonça, E.A.F., Minami, K. 2004. Accelerated aging of Eruca sativa L. seeds. Rev. Bras. Sem., 26, 98-103.
44. Rodo, A.B., Panobianco, M., Marcos Filho, J. 2000. Alternative methodology for the accelerated aging test for carrot seeds. Sci. Agric., 57, 289-292.
45. Rodo, A.B., Marcos-Filho, J. 2003. Onion seed vigor in relation to plant growth and yield. Hortic. Bras., 21, 220-226.
46. Tao, K.L.J. 1978. Factors causing variations in the conductivity test for soybean. Journal of Seed Technology, 3, 10–18.
47. Tokushisa, D., Sediyama, C.A.Z., Hilst, P.C., Dias, D.C.F.S. 2009. Electrical conductivity test for physiological quality evaluation of papaya seeds (Carica papaya L.). Revista Brasileira de Sementes, 31, 137–145 (in Portuguese, with abstract in English).
48. Torres, S.B. 2004. Accelerated aging test on anise seeds. Braz. J. Seeds, 26, 20-24.
49. Torres, S.B. 2005. Envelhecimento acelerado em sementes de pepino com e sem solução salina saturada. Hortic. Bras., 23, 303-306.
50. Tunes, L.M., Badinelli, P.G., Olivo, F., Barros, A.C.S.A. 2009. Accelerated aging test in Barley seeds. Magistra, 21, 111-119.
51. Tunes, L.M., Pedroso, D.C., Badinelli, P.G., Tavares, L.C., Rufino, C.A., Barros, A.C.S.A., Muniz, M.F.B. 2011. Accelerated aging of ryegrass seeds submitted to saturated salt solution. Ciência Rural, 41, 33-37.
52. Salisbury, F.B., Ross, C.W. 1992. Plant physiology. 4th ed.. Wadsworth Inc., Belmont, CA.
53. Simon, E.W. 1984. Early events in germination, In: Seed Physiology (ed. D. R. Murray), Germination and Reserve Mobilization. Academic Press, Florida, 2, 77-
54. Soltani, E., Galeshi, S., Kamkar, B., Akramghaderi, F. 2008. Modeling Seed Aging Effects on the Response of Germination to Temperature in Wheat. Seed Science and Biotechnology, (1), 32-36.
55. Steiner, J.J., Grabe, D.F., Tulo, M. 1989. Single and multiple vigor tests for predicting seedling emergence of wheat. Crop Science, 29, 782-786.
56. Vieira, R.D., Krzyzanowski, F.C. 1999. Electrical conductivity test. chp. 4, p. 1–26. In: F.C. Krzyzanowski, Vieira, RD, França Neto, JB, eds. Seed vigor: concepts and tests. Abrates, Londrina, PR, Brazil (in Portuguese).
57. Vieira, R.D., Paiva-Aguero, J.A., Perecin, D., Bittencourt, S. 1999. Correlation of electrical conductivity and other vigor tests with field emergence of soybean seedlings. Seed Science and Technology, 27, 67-75.
58. Vieira, D.R., TeKrony, D.M., Egli, D.B., Rucher, M. 2001. Electrical conductivity of soybean seeds after storage in several environments. Seed Science and Technology, 9, 599–608.
59. Vieira, D.R., Penariol, A.L., Perecin, D., Panobianco, M. 2002. Electrical conductivity and initial moisture content of soybean seeds. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 37, 1333–1338.
60. Walters, C. 1998. Understanding the mechanisms and kinetics of seed aging. Seed Sci Res, 8,223-244.
61. Washitani, I. 1984. Germination Responses of a Seed Population of Taraxacum officinale Weber to Constant Temperatures Including the Supra- Optimal Range. Plant Cell Environ., 7:655-659.
62. Weaver, S.E., Warwick, S.I. 1984. The Biology of Canadian Weeds Datura stramonium. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 64(4), 979-991.