Macro and Micro Element Composition of Smoked and Marinated Shrimps (Parapenaeus longirostris): Its Potential Impact on Consumer Health
Yıl 2022,
Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2, 45 - 54, 11.11.2022
Demet Kocatepe
,
Asiye Eyuboğlu
Öz
The aim of this study is to determine the effect of smoking and marination process on mineral concentration of shrimp meat. The samples obtained from the Tuzla Region of the Marmara Sea were first smoked and then marinated after the pre-treatment. Mineral analysis was carried out in ICP-MS after microwave wet digestion process on both the shrimps immersed in boiling water after caught (group A), smoked (group B) and marinated shrimps after smoking (group C).
According to the results of the study, the macro element concentration after smoking process (group B) was found to be higher than the other groups. Changes were observed in the microelement and heavy metal content of the shrimps because of smoking and marination process. Heavy metal concentrations of the groups were below the limits recommended by international organizations. The Hazard Quotient (HQ) of the groups was below the limit value of 1 and therefore all groups can be said to be safe for human consumption.
Kaynakça
- Abdel-Khalek, A.A., Elhaddad, E., Mamdouh, S., Marie, M.A.S., 2016. Assessment of metal pollution around sabal drainage in River Nile and its impacts on bioaccumulation level, metals correlation and human risk hazard using Oreochromis niloticus as a bioindicator. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 16, 227–239
- Abdennour, C., Smith, B.D., Boulakoud, M.S., Samraoui, B., Rainbow, P.S., 2000. Trace metals in marine, brackish and freshwater prawns (Crustacea, Decapoda) from northeast Algeria. Hydrobiologia, 432, 217–227.
- Akintola, S.L., Brown, A., Bakare, A., Osowo, O.D., Bello, B.O., 2013. Effects of hot smoking and sun drying processes on nutritional composition of giant tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon, fabricius, 1798. Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences, 63(4), 227-237.
- Amin, S.M.N., Aziz, A., Siti, S.S., Japar, S.B., 2011. Updates on the specie composition and distribution of sergestid shrimp (Acetes spp) in Malasian water. Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science ,6(7), 761-770
- ATSDR, 2000. ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry) Toxicological Profile for Chromium, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service
- Aytekin, T., Kargın, D., Cogun, H.Y., Temiz, O., Varkal, H.S., Kargın, F. 2019. Accumulation and health risk assessment of heavy metals in tissues of the shrimp and fish species from the Yumurtalik coast of Iskenderun Gulf, Turkey. Heliyon, 5(8), e02131
- Baraja, F.J.M., Villegas, R.S., Clark, G.P., Moreno, B.L. 2006. Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone) post-larval survival related to age, temperature, pH and ammonium concentration. Aquaculture Research, 37, 492-499
- Bat, L., Arici, E., Oztekin, A., Sahin, F. 2020. Toxic metals in Engraulis encrasicolus (Linnaeus, 1758) from the coastal waters of Sinop in the Black Sea. Ecological Life Sciences, 15(1),9–14.
- Bat, L., Sahin, F., Oztekin, A., Arici, E. 2021. Toxic Metals in Seven Commercial Fish from the Southern Black Sea: Toxic Risk Assessment of Eleven-Year Data Between 2009 and 2019. Biological Trace Element Research, 1-12.
- Bello, B.K., 2013. Effect of processing method on the proximate and mineral composition of prawn (Penaeus notialis). Journal of Global Biosciences, 2(2), 42-46.
- Bradbury, J.H., Holloway, W.D., 1998. Chemistry of tropical root crops: significant for nutrition. Agriculture in pacifies: ACIAR. Monograph, (6), 201
- El-Said, G.F., El-Sadaawy, M.M., Shobier, A.H., Ramadan, S.E., 2021. Human health implication of major and trace elements presents in commercial crustaceans of a traditional seafood marketing region, Egypt. Biological Trace Element Research, 199(1), 315-328.
- EU, 2014. Commission Regulation. No. 488/2014 of 12 May 2014 Amending Regulation (EC) No: 1881/ 2006 as Regards Maximum Levels of Cadmium in Foodstuffs. L. 138/75.
- Eyuboglu, A., Kocatepe, D., 2021. Physicochemical composition and selected quality characteristics of the new product: ready to eat shrimp. Acta Aquatica Turcica, 17(1), 1-16.
- García-Sevillano, M.A., Rodríguez-Moro, G., García-Barrera, T., Navarro, F., Gómez-Ariza, J.L., 2015. Biological interactions between mercury and selenium in distribution and detoxification processes in mice under controlled exposure. Effects on selenoprotein. Chemico-Biological Interactions, 229, 82–90.
- Gokoglu, N., Yerlikaya, P., Gokoglu, M., 2008. Trace elements in edible tissues of three shrimp species (Penaeus semisulcatus, Parapenaeus longirostris and Paleomon serratus). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 88(2), 175-178.
- Guhathakurta, H., Kaviraj, A., 2000. Heavy metal concentration in water, sediment, shrimp (Penaeus monodon) and mullet (Liza parsia) in some brackish water ponds of Sunderban, India. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 40, 914–920.
- Hao, P., Zhu, Y., Wang, S., Wan, H., Chen, P., Wang, Y., Cheng, Z., Liu, Y., Liu, J., 2017. Selenium administration alleviates toxicity of chromium(vı) in the chicken brain. Biological Trace Element Research, 178, 127-135
- Harmanescu, M., Alda, L.M., Bordean, D.M., Gogoasa, I., Gergen. I., 2011. Heavy metals health risk assessment for population via consumption of vegetables grown in old mining area; a case study: Banat County, Romania. Chemistry Central Journal, 22(5), 64.
- Hasan, M.K., Shahriar, A., Hossain, N., Shovon, I.K., Hossain, A., Jolly, Y.N., Begum, B.A., 2021. Trace metals contamination in riverine captured fish and prawn of Bangladesh and associated health risk. Exposure and Health, 13(2), 237-251.
Heu, M.S., Kim, J.S., Shahidi, F., 2003. Components and nutritional quality of shrimp processing by-products. Food Chemistry, 82(2), 235-242.
- Hoq, M.E., Islam, M.N., Kamal, M., 2003. Nutritional qualities of smoked shrimp from the Sundarbans mangrove area, Bangladesh. Biological Sciences-PJSIR, 46(5), 376-382.
- Hossain, M.S., Khan, Y.S.A., 2001. Trace metals in penaeid shrimp and spiny lobster from the Bay of Bengal. Science Asia, 27, 165-168.
- Jamil, T., Lias, K., Norsila, D., Syafnaz, N.S., 2014. Assessment of trace metal contamination in squid (Loligo spp.) tissues of KedahPerlis waters, Malaysia. Malay J Anal Sci, 18, 195–203.
- Kpoclou, E.Y., Anihouvi, V.B., Azokpota, P., Soumanou, M.M., Daube, G., Douny, C., Brose, F., Scippo, M.L., Hounhouigan, D.J., 2013. Microbiological and physico-chemical quality of smoked shrimp, an expanding food condiment in Beninese local markets. Food and Public Health, 3(6), 277-283.
- Kwok, C.K., Liang, Y., Wang, H., Dong, Y.H., Leung, S.Y., Wong, M.H., 2014. Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in fish and ardeid at Pearl River Estuary, China. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 106, 62-67.
- Madany, I.M., Wahab, A.A., Al-Alawi, Z., 1996. Trace metals concentrations in marine organisms from the coastal areas of Bahrain, Arabian Gulf’, Water, Air and Soil Pollution 91, 233–248.
- Milestone, 2018. Milestone SK-10 High Pressure Rotor Application Notes
- Miramand, P., Guyot, T., Rybarczyk, H., Elkaim, B., Mouny, P., Dauvin, J.C., Bessineton, C., 2001. Contamination of the Biological Compartment in the Seine Estuary by Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn. Estuaries, 2(4), 1056-l065.
- Mitra, A., Chowdhury, R., Banerjee, K., 2012. Concentrations of some heavy metals in commercially important finfish and shellfish of the River Ganga. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 184, 2219-2230.
- Mitra, A., Mondal, K., Banerjee, K., 2010. Concentration of Heavy Metals in Fish Juveniles of Gangetic Delta of West Bengal, India. Research Journal of Fisheries and Hydrobiology, 5(1), 21-26.
- Okada, E., Okada, C., Matsumoto, M., Fujiwara, A., Takimoto, H., 2020. Dietary sodium: potassium ratio and CVD risk factors among Japanese adults: a retrospective cross-sectional study of pooled data from the National Health and Nutrition Survey, 2003–2017. British Journal of Nutrition, 125, 79–91.
- Oksuz, A., Ozyilmaz, A., Aktas, M., Gercek, G., Motte, J., 2009. A comparative study on proximate, mineral and fatty acid compositions of deep seawater rose shrimp (Parapenaeus longirostris, Lucas 1846) and red shrimp (Plesionika martia, A. MilneEdwards,1883). Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 8(1), 183–189.
- Ozogul,. Y, Ozogul, F., Kuley, E., 2010. Effects of combining of smoking and marinating on the shelf life of anchovy stored at 4 C. Food science and Biotechnology, 19(1), 69-75.
- Pourang, N., Amini, G., 2001. Distribution of trace elements in tissues of two shrimp species from Persian Gulf and effects of storage temperature on elements transportation. Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 129, 229–243.
- Pourang, N., Dennis, J.H., Ghourchian, H., 2005. Distribution of heavy metals in Penaeus semisulcatus from persian gulf and possible role of metallothionein in their redistribution during storage. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 100, 71–88.
- Prasad, S., Yadav, K.K., Kumar, S., Gupta, N., Cabral-Pinto, M.M., Rezania, S., Radwan, N., Alam, J., 2021. Chromium contamination and effect on environmental health and its remediation: A sustainable approaches. Journal of Environmental Management, 285, 112174.
- Primavera, J.H., 1997. Socio-economic impacts of shrimp culture. Aquaculture Research, 28: 815- 827.
Ralston, N.V.C., Ralston, C.R., Blakwell, I.J.L., Raymond, L.J., 2008 Dietary and tissue selenium in relation to methylmercury toxicity. Neurotoxicology, 29(5), 802-811.
- Ravichandran, S., Rameshkumar, G., Prince, A.R., 2009. Biochemical composition of shell and flesh of the Indian white shrimp Penaeus indicus (H. milne Edwards 1837). American-Eurasian Journal of Scientific Research, 4(3), 191-194.
- Sarkar, T., Alam, M.M., Parvin, N., Fardous, Z., Chowdhury, A.Z., Hossain, S., Haque, M.E., Biswas, N., 2016. Assessment of heavy metals contamination and human health risk in shrimp collected from different farms and rivers at Khulna-Satkhira region, Bangladesh. Toxicology Reports, 3, 346-350.
- Sengor, G.F., Gun, H., Kalafatoglu, H., 2004. The determination of microbial flora water activity and chemical analyses in smoked, canned mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis). Turk.J. Vet.Anim. Sci., 28, 793-797.
- Sriket, P., Benjakul, S., Visessanguan, W., Kijroongrojana, K., 2007. Comparative studies on chemical composition and thermal properties of black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) and white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) meats. Food chemistry, 103(4), 1199-1207
- TUIK, 2021. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Su-Urunleri-2020-37252 Accessed: 07.10.2021
- Turkish Food Codex, 2011. https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2011/12/20111229M3-8.htm
- US EPA, 2011. Regional screening level (RSL) summary table. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington
- US EPA, 2017. Regional screening level (RSL) Resident Fish table (TR=1E-06, HQ=1) November 2017. Available from: https://www. epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rules [Accessed 15 Dec 2018]
- US EPA, 2018. Integrated Risk Information System URL: https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables [accessed 20.11.2020]
- Usero, J., González-Regalado, E., Gracia, I., 1996. Trace metals in the bivalve mollusc Chamelea gallina from the Atlantic coast of southern Spain. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 32, 305–310.
- Varlık, C., Ozden, O., Erkan, N., Ucok Alakavuk, D., 2007. Su Ürünlerinde Temel Kalite Kontrol, İstanbul Üniversitesi, İstanbul, ISBN: 975-404-771-5
- WHO, 2008. Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality World Health organization, Geneva.
- Yanar, Y., Celik, M,, 2006. Seasonal amino acid profiles and mineral contents of green tiger shrimp (Penaeus semisulcatus De Haan, 1844) and speckled shrimp (Metapenaeus monoceros Fabricus, 1789) from the Eastern Mediterranean. Food Chemistry, 94(1), 33-36.
- Yee, D., 2010. Technical Data Report, Human Health Risk Assessment, Enbridge Northern Gateway Project, AMEC Earth & Environmental, Calgary, AL, Canada
Macro and Micro Element Composition of Smoked and Marinated Shrimps (Parapenaeus longirostris): Its Potential Impact on Consumer Health
Yıl 2022,
Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2, 45 - 54, 11.11.2022
Demet Kocatepe
,
Asiye Eyuboğlu
Öz
Bu çalışmanın amacı, karides etinin mineral konsantrasyon düzeyleri üzerine dumanlama ve marinasyon işleminin etkisini belirlemektir. Marmara Denizi Tuzla Bölgesinden temin edilen örnekler, uygulanan ön işlemlerin ardından önce dumanlanmış ve ardından marine edilmiştir. Hem avlanma sonrası kaynar suya daldırılıp çıkartılan karideslerde (A grubu), hem de dumanlanan (B grubu) ve dumanlama sonrası marine edilen karideslerde (C grubu) mikrodalgada yaş yakma işleminden sonra ICP-MS de mineral analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Çalışma sonuçlarına göre dumanlama sonrası (B grubunun) makro element konsantrasyonu diğer gruplara kıyasla daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Karideslerin mikro element ile ağır metal içeriğinde dumanlama ve marinasyon sonucunda değişimler gözlemlenmiştir. Grupların ağır metal konsantrasyonları uluslararası organizasyonları tavsiye ettiği limitlerin altındadır. Grupların tehlike katsayısı 1 sınır değerinin altındadır ve bu nedenle tüm grupların insani tüketim için güvenli olduğu söylenebilir.
Kaynakça
- Abdel-Khalek, A.A., Elhaddad, E., Mamdouh, S., Marie, M.A.S., 2016. Assessment of metal pollution around sabal drainage in River Nile and its impacts on bioaccumulation level, metals correlation and human risk hazard using Oreochromis niloticus as a bioindicator. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 16, 227–239
- Abdennour, C., Smith, B.D., Boulakoud, M.S., Samraoui, B., Rainbow, P.S., 2000. Trace metals in marine, brackish and freshwater prawns (Crustacea, Decapoda) from northeast Algeria. Hydrobiologia, 432, 217–227.
- Akintola, S.L., Brown, A., Bakare, A., Osowo, O.D., Bello, B.O., 2013. Effects of hot smoking and sun drying processes on nutritional composition of giant tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon, fabricius, 1798. Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences, 63(4), 227-237.
- Amin, S.M.N., Aziz, A., Siti, S.S., Japar, S.B., 2011. Updates on the specie composition and distribution of sergestid shrimp (Acetes spp) in Malasian water. Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science ,6(7), 761-770
- ATSDR, 2000. ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry) Toxicological Profile for Chromium, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service
- Aytekin, T., Kargın, D., Cogun, H.Y., Temiz, O., Varkal, H.S., Kargın, F. 2019. Accumulation and health risk assessment of heavy metals in tissues of the shrimp and fish species from the Yumurtalik coast of Iskenderun Gulf, Turkey. Heliyon, 5(8), e02131
- Baraja, F.J.M., Villegas, R.S., Clark, G.P., Moreno, B.L. 2006. Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone) post-larval survival related to age, temperature, pH and ammonium concentration. Aquaculture Research, 37, 492-499
- Bat, L., Arici, E., Oztekin, A., Sahin, F. 2020. Toxic metals in Engraulis encrasicolus (Linnaeus, 1758) from the coastal waters of Sinop in the Black Sea. Ecological Life Sciences, 15(1),9–14.
- Bat, L., Sahin, F., Oztekin, A., Arici, E. 2021. Toxic Metals in Seven Commercial Fish from the Southern Black Sea: Toxic Risk Assessment of Eleven-Year Data Between 2009 and 2019. Biological Trace Element Research, 1-12.
- Bello, B.K., 2013. Effect of processing method on the proximate and mineral composition of prawn (Penaeus notialis). Journal of Global Biosciences, 2(2), 42-46.
- Bradbury, J.H., Holloway, W.D., 1998. Chemistry of tropical root crops: significant for nutrition. Agriculture in pacifies: ACIAR. Monograph, (6), 201
- El-Said, G.F., El-Sadaawy, M.M., Shobier, A.H., Ramadan, S.E., 2021. Human health implication of major and trace elements presents in commercial crustaceans of a traditional seafood marketing region, Egypt. Biological Trace Element Research, 199(1), 315-328.
- EU, 2014. Commission Regulation. No. 488/2014 of 12 May 2014 Amending Regulation (EC) No: 1881/ 2006 as Regards Maximum Levels of Cadmium in Foodstuffs. L. 138/75.
- Eyuboglu, A., Kocatepe, D., 2021. Physicochemical composition and selected quality characteristics of the new product: ready to eat shrimp. Acta Aquatica Turcica, 17(1), 1-16.
- García-Sevillano, M.A., Rodríguez-Moro, G., García-Barrera, T., Navarro, F., Gómez-Ariza, J.L., 2015. Biological interactions between mercury and selenium in distribution and detoxification processes in mice under controlled exposure. Effects on selenoprotein. Chemico-Biological Interactions, 229, 82–90.
- Gokoglu, N., Yerlikaya, P., Gokoglu, M., 2008. Trace elements in edible tissues of three shrimp species (Penaeus semisulcatus, Parapenaeus longirostris and Paleomon serratus). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 88(2), 175-178.
- Guhathakurta, H., Kaviraj, A., 2000. Heavy metal concentration in water, sediment, shrimp (Penaeus monodon) and mullet (Liza parsia) in some brackish water ponds of Sunderban, India. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 40, 914–920.
- Hao, P., Zhu, Y., Wang, S., Wan, H., Chen, P., Wang, Y., Cheng, Z., Liu, Y., Liu, J., 2017. Selenium administration alleviates toxicity of chromium(vı) in the chicken brain. Biological Trace Element Research, 178, 127-135
- Harmanescu, M., Alda, L.M., Bordean, D.M., Gogoasa, I., Gergen. I., 2011. Heavy metals health risk assessment for population via consumption of vegetables grown in old mining area; a case study: Banat County, Romania. Chemistry Central Journal, 22(5), 64.
- Hasan, M.K., Shahriar, A., Hossain, N., Shovon, I.K., Hossain, A., Jolly, Y.N., Begum, B.A., 2021. Trace metals contamination in riverine captured fish and prawn of Bangladesh and associated health risk. Exposure and Health, 13(2), 237-251.
Heu, M.S., Kim, J.S., Shahidi, F., 2003. Components and nutritional quality of shrimp processing by-products. Food Chemistry, 82(2), 235-242.
- Hoq, M.E., Islam, M.N., Kamal, M., 2003. Nutritional qualities of smoked shrimp from the Sundarbans mangrove area, Bangladesh. Biological Sciences-PJSIR, 46(5), 376-382.
- Hossain, M.S., Khan, Y.S.A., 2001. Trace metals in penaeid shrimp and spiny lobster from the Bay of Bengal. Science Asia, 27, 165-168.
- Jamil, T., Lias, K., Norsila, D., Syafnaz, N.S., 2014. Assessment of trace metal contamination in squid (Loligo spp.) tissues of KedahPerlis waters, Malaysia. Malay J Anal Sci, 18, 195–203.
- Kpoclou, E.Y., Anihouvi, V.B., Azokpota, P., Soumanou, M.M., Daube, G., Douny, C., Brose, F., Scippo, M.L., Hounhouigan, D.J., 2013. Microbiological and physico-chemical quality of smoked shrimp, an expanding food condiment in Beninese local markets. Food and Public Health, 3(6), 277-283.
- Kwok, C.K., Liang, Y., Wang, H., Dong, Y.H., Leung, S.Y., Wong, M.H., 2014. Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in fish and ardeid at Pearl River Estuary, China. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 106, 62-67.
- Madany, I.M., Wahab, A.A., Al-Alawi, Z., 1996. Trace metals concentrations in marine organisms from the coastal areas of Bahrain, Arabian Gulf’, Water, Air and Soil Pollution 91, 233–248.
- Milestone, 2018. Milestone SK-10 High Pressure Rotor Application Notes
- Miramand, P., Guyot, T., Rybarczyk, H., Elkaim, B., Mouny, P., Dauvin, J.C., Bessineton, C., 2001. Contamination of the Biological Compartment in the Seine Estuary by Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn. Estuaries, 2(4), 1056-l065.
- Mitra, A., Chowdhury, R., Banerjee, K., 2012. Concentrations of some heavy metals in commercially important finfish and shellfish of the River Ganga. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 184, 2219-2230.
- Mitra, A., Mondal, K., Banerjee, K., 2010. Concentration of Heavy Metals in Fish Juveniles of Gangetic Delta of West Bengal, India. Research Journal of Fisheries and Hydrobiology, 5(1), 21-26.
- Okada, E., Okada, C., Matsumoto, M., Fujiwara, A., Takimoto, H., 2020. Dietary sodium: potassium ratio and CVD risk factors among Japanese adults: a retrospective cross-sectional study of pooled data from the National Health and Nutrition Survey, 2003–2017. British Journal of Nutrition, 125, 79–91.
- Oksuz, A., Ozyilmaz, A., Aktas, M., Gercek, G., Motte, J., 2009. A comparative study on proximate, mineral and fatty acid compositions of deep seawater rose shrimp (Parapenaeus longirostris, Lucas 1846) and red shrimp (Plesionika martia, A. MilneEdwards,1883). Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 8(1), 183–189.
- Ozogul,. Y, Ozogul, F., Kuley, E., 2010. Effects of combining of smoking and marinating on the shelf life of anchovy stored at 4 C. Food science and Biotechnology, 19(1), 69-75.
- Pourang, N., Amini, G., 2001. Distribution of trace elements in tissues of two shrimp species from Persian Gulf and effects of storage temperature on elements transportation. Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 129, 229–243.
- Pourang, N., Dennis, J.H., Ghourchian, H., 2005. Distribution of heavy metals in Penaeus semisulcatus from persian gulf and possible role of metallothionein in their redistribution during storage. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 100, 71–88.
- Prasad, S., Yadav, K.K., Kumar, S., Gupta, N., Cabral-Pinto, M.M., Rezania, S., Radwan, N., Alam, J., 2021. Chromium contamination and effect on environmental health and its remediation: A sustainable approaches. Journal of Environmental Management, 285, 112174.
- Primavera, J.H., 1997. Socio-economic impacts of shrimp culture. Aquaculture Research, 28: 815- 827.
Ralston, N.V.C., Ralston, C.R., Blakwell, I.J.L., Raymond, L.J., 2008 Dietary and tissue selenium in relation to methylmercury toxicity. Neurotoxicology, 29(5), 802-811.
- Ravichandran, S., Rameshkumar, G., Prince, A.R., 2009. Biochemical composition of shell and flesh of the Indian white shrimp Penaeus indicus (H. milne Edwards 1837). American-Eurasian Journal of Scientific Research, 4(3), 191-194.
- Sarkar, T., Alam, M.M., Parvin, N., Fardous, Z., Chowdhury, A.Z., Hossain, S., Haque, M.E., Biswas, N., 2016. Assessment of heavy metals contamination and human health risk in shrimp collected from different farms and rivers at Khulna-Satkhira region, Bangladesh. Toxicology Reports, 3, 346-350.
- Sengor, G.F., Gun, H., Kalafatoglu, H., 2004. The determination of microbial flora water activity and chemical analyses in smoked, canned mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis). Turk.J. Vet.Anim. Sci., 28, 793-797.
- Sriket, P., Benjakul, S., Visessanguan, W., Kijroongrojana, K., 2007. Comparative studies on chemical composition and thermal properties of black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) and white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) meats. Food chemistry, 103(4), 1199-1207
- TUIK, 2021. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Su-Urunleri-2020-37252 Accessed: 07.10.2021
- Turkish Food Codex, 2011. https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2011/12/20111229M3-8.htm
- US EPA, 2011. Regional screening level (RSL) summary table. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington
- US EPA, 2017. Regional screening level (RSL) Resident Fish table (TR=1E-06, HQ=1) November 2017. Available from: https://www. epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rules [Accessed 15 Dec 2018]
- US EPA, 2018. Integrated Risk Information System URL: https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables [accessed 20.11.2020]
- Usero, J., González-Regalado, E., Gracia, I., 1996. Trace metals in the bivalve mollusc Chamelea gallina from the Atlantic coast of southern Spain. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 32, 305–310.
- Varlık, C., Ozden, O., Erkan, N., Ucok Alakavuk, D., 2007. Su Ürünlerinde Temel Kalite Kontrol, İstanbul Üniversitesi, İstanbul, ISBN: 975-404-771-5
- WHO, 2008. Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality World Health organization, Geneva.
- Yanar, Y., Celik, M,, 2006. Seasonal amino acid profiles and mineral contents of green tiger shrimp (Penaeus semisulcatus De Haan, 1844) and speckled shrimp (Metapenaeus monoceros Fabricus, 1789) from the Eastern Mediterranean. Food Chemistry, 94(1), 33-36.
- Yee, D., 2010. Technical Data Report, Human Health Risk Assessment, Enbridge Northern Gateway Project, AMEC Earth & Environmental, Calgary, AL, Canada