TÜRKİYE'DE “ORTA KORİDOR” PROGRAMI İLE “KUŞAK -YOL GİRİŞİMİ” BAĞLANTISININ STRATEJİK ÖNEMİ

Yıl 2021, , 543 - 566, 24.11.2021

Özlem Arzu Azer , Yasemin Ulker , Wei Min

https://doi.org/10.28956/gbd.1028717

Cited By: 2

Öz

2015 yılında Çin'in “Kuşak-Yol Girişimi”’ni Türkiye'nin “Orta Koridor Programı” ile uyumlu hale getirmek için Çin ile Türkiye arasında mutabakat zaptı imzalanmıştır. Anayasa değişikliği, Türkiye'nin kurumsal ortamının ve ekonomik girişimlerinin değişmekte olduğunu ve bu durumun Çin-Türk uluslararası ekonomik işbirliğinin marjinal maliyetini artırmakla kalmayıp aynı zamanda Kuşak ve Yol Projesi'nin oluşturulması bağlamında bu işbirliğinin uygulanması için yeni zorluklar da ortaya çıkardığını göstermektedir. Bu makale, Kuşak ve Yol Projesi kapsamında Türkiye ile Çin arasındaki Orta Koridor’un mevcut durumunu analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Makro çevreyi tanımlamak için kullanılan bir yöntem olan PEST analizi ile bu çalışma; Türkiye ekonomisinin temel eğilimini, özellikle ekonomi politikaları ve kurumları; Çin ile Türkiye arasında kurulan ekonomik, siyasi, sosyal ve ticari işbirliğini araştırmakta ve bu işbirliğinin karşı karşıya olduğu sorunları ve zorlukları karakterize etmeye çalışmaktadır. Son olarak çalışma, Çin ve Türkiye’nin işbirliğinin anahtarının siyasi karşılıklı güvenin ve güvenlik koordinasyonunun güçlendirilmesi, ilgili endüstriyel rekabet avantajlarını artırmak için "açılımın" daha da genişletilmesi ve hâlihazırda var olan ticaret yapılarının tamamlayıcılıklarının artırılması olduğunu göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kuşak-Yol Girişimi, Orta Koridor, Türkiye, İpek Yolu, PEST Analizi

THE STRATEGIC IMPORTANCE OF THE “BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE” CONNECTIVITY WITH THE “MIDDLE CORRIDOR” PROGRAM IN TURKEY

Öz

In 2015, to align the Belt and Road Initiative” (BRI) of China with the “Middle Corridor Program” of Turkey, a memorandum of understanding between China and Turkey was signed. The constitutional amendment shows that Turkey’s institutional environment and economic initiatives are changing. This change enhances the marginal cost of Sino-Turkish international economic cooperation and raises new challenges for the implementation of this cooperation in the context of building the BRI. This paper aims to analyze the Middle Corridor’s current situation between Turkey and China within the scope of BRI. PEST analysis is a method used to define the macro-environment. This paper investigates the primary trend of the Turkish economy, especially economic policies, and institutions through PEST analysis; explores the reality of the economic, political, social, and trade cooperation established between China and Turkey, and characterizes problems and challenges facing this cooperation. Finally, the study suggests that the following are keys to the China-Turkey cooperation; the strengthening of political mutual trust and security coordination, further expansion of the ‘opening up’ to enhance their respective industrial competitive advantages and to augment the complementarities of trade structures already in existence.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Belt and Road Initiative, Middle Corridor Program, Turkey, Silk Road, PEST Analysis

Kaynakça

• AIIB. (18 February 2019). Retrieved from https://www.aiib.org/en/
• Atlı, A. (2016). Turkey’s foreign policy towards China: Analysis and recommendations for improvement. Paper presented at the Policy Paper. Young Academics Program. Istanbul: Global Relations Forum.
• Belt and Road will make Turkey-China cooperation a success. (06 January, 2017). China Daily. Retrieved from http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/opinion/2017-06/01/content_29580844.htm
• Belt and Road Initiative opens new era of global cooperation Updated: Apr 2017 Xinhua. Retrieved from http://english.gov.cn/news/international_exchanges /2017/04/24/ content_281475635407152.htm. Accessed on May 24, 2018
• Bērziņa-Čerenkova, U. A. (2016). BRI instead of OBOR–China edits the English Name of its most ambitious international project. Latvian Institute of International Affairs, 28.
• Brakman, S., Frankopan, P., Garretsen, H., & Van Marrewijk, C. (2019). The New Silk Roads: an introduction to China’s Belt and Road Initiative. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 12(1), 3–16. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1093/cjres/rsy037
• Business, H.T. (2017). “Modern İpek Yolu Nereye Çıkar?”. Retrieved from http://www.businessht.com.tr/piyasalar/haber/1495794-modern-ipek-yolu-nereye -cikar
• Chen, Y. (2020). Developments in China–Turkey Relations: A View From China. Critical Sociology, 46(4-5), 777-787.
• China declares 2018 ‘Turkey Tourism Year’. (16 December 2016). Hürriyet Daily News. Retrieved from http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/china-declares-2018-turkey-tourism-year--107391
• China signs over 130 transport pacts with Belt and Road countries. Retrieved from http://english.gov.cn/news/top_news/2017/04/21/content_281475632838801.htm. [accessed May 24, 2018]
• Ergin, A. Y. A. N. (2016). Yeni İpek Yolu Stratejileri Ve Trans-Avrasya Güvenlik Sistemleri. Tarih ve Gelecek Dergisi, 2(3), 9-24.
• Ergunsü, U. (2017). İpek Yolu’nun Yeniden Canlandırılması ve Türkiye-Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti İşbirliğine Etkileri. TYB AKADEMİ (Dil Edebiyat ve Sosyal Bilimler).
• Estache, A., Ianchovichina, E., Bacon, R., & Salamon, I. (2013). Infrastructure and Employment Creation in the Middle East and North Africa. The World Bank.
• Fischer, S. (2016). „Turkey and the Energy Transit Question “. Carnegie Europe, 23.
• Güner, B. (2018). Obor Sürecinde Türkiye; Beklentiler Ve Sorunlar. “Turkey In Obor; Expectations And Problems.” Sosyal, Beşeri Ve İdari Bilimler'de Akademik Araştirmalar-Vi, 67.
• Isik, A. F., & Zou, Z. (2019). China-Turkey Security Cooperation Under the Background of the ‘Belt and Road’and the ‘Middle Corridor’Initiatives. Asian Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies, 13(2), 278-293.
• Ives, D., Hoscheidt, M. M., Jaeger, B., Tocchetto, J. S., & Conference, B. (2013). Infrastructure Investments in the Middle East and North Africa. UFRGS MOdel United Nations Journal, 1, 308-362.
• Jun, Z., Yuan, G., Yong, F., & Hong, Z. (2007). Why Does China Enjoy So Much Better Physical Infrastructure?[J]. Economic Research Journal, 3, 4-19.
• Kadılar, R., & Ergüney, E. (2017). One Belt One Road Initiative: Perks and Chalenges for Turkey. Turkish Policy Quarterly, 16(2), 87.
• Koru, S., & Kaymaz, T. (2016). Turkey: Perspectives on Eurasian Integration. European Council on Foreign Relations (ECFR).
• Kyrgyzstan Suspends Work at New Chinese Refinery. (19 February 2014). Eurasianet. Retrieved from http://www.eurasianet.org/node/68061 .
• Löchel, H., & Nawaz, F. (2018). The Belt and Road initiative of China: A critical analysis of its feasibility (No. 226). Frankfurt School-Working Paper Series.
• Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Turkey: Turkey’s Multilateral Transportation Policy. Retrieved from http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey_s-multilateral-transportation-policy.en.mfa
• Özdaşli, E. (2015). Çin'in Yeni İpek Yolu Projesi Ve Küresel Etkileri. Electronic Turkish Studies, 10(14).
• Tang, S. Q., Liu, D. Q., & Xi, X. I. E. (2017). The Analysis of the “One Belt and One Road” for the Game between China and the United States. DEStech Transactions on Social Science, Education and Human Science, (icssm).
• The General Office of the State Council forwarded the Notice of the National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Commerce, the People's Bank, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs on further guidance to lead and regulate the direction of foreign investment,”. Retrieved from http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2017-08/18/content_5218665.htm. [accessed May 24, 2018]
• Um, P. N., Straub, S., & Vellutini, C. (2009). Infrastructure and economic growth in the Middle East and North Africa. The World Bank.
• Welcome to the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China • Looking back for five years The “Belt and Road” connects the Chinese dream with the world dream. Retrieved from http://news.sina.com.cn/o/2017-10-26/doc-ifynfrfm9180008.shtml. [accessed May 24, 2018]
• Vodinalı, H. (2018). Bir Türk Koridoru: Kuşak ve Yol. Modern İpek Yolu Dergisi, Sayı.2, s.150-153.
• World's 4th longest tunnel, Ovit opens in Turkey's Black Sea region. (13 June 2018). Daily Sabah. Retrieved from https://www.dailysabah.com/business/2018/06/14/worlds-4th-longest-tunnel-ovit-opens-in-turkeys-black-sea-region
• Xi J. (2017). The framework of the six economic corridors of the Belt and Road Initiative has been established. Retrieved from http://finance.sina.com.cn/roll/2017-05-14/doc-ifyfeivp5683938.shtml [accessed May 24, 2018]
• Yılmaz, Z., Erdem, C., & Kaya, K. (2019). Yeni İpek Yolu’nun Türkiye Ekonomisine Etkisi. Uluslararası Afro-Avrasya Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(9), 198-214.
• Zan, T. (2016). “Turkey Dream” and the China-Turkish Cooperation under “One Belt and One Road” Initiative. Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies (in Asia), 10(3), 50-72.
• Zeybek, H. (2020). Yeni İpek Yolunun kıtalar arası demiryolu konteyner taşımacılığına etkisi: PESTLE analizi. Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 13(4), 724-740.