AB’NİN BAĞIMSIZ BİR GÜVENLİK ve SAVUNMA POLİTİKASI GELİŞTİRME DÜŞÜNCESİ ve STRATEJİK PUSULA

Yıl 2023, , 45 - 68, 31.05.2023

Gökhan Akşemsettinoğlu

https://doi.org/10.28956/gbd.1134222

Öz

Soğuk Savaş döneminde Amerika Birleşik Devletleri (ABD) ve NATO odaklı bir güvenlik ve savunma politikası benimsemek zorunda kalan Avrupa Birliği (AB), üzerinde uzun zamandır tartıştığı bağımsız bir güvenlik ve savunma politikası geliştirme düşüncesini hayata geçirme fırsatı bulamamıştır. Ancak, Soğuk Savaş sonrası dönemde uluslararası sistemin yapısının değişmesi, tehditlerin farklılaşması ve AB’nin özellikle son on yıl içinde yaşadığı iç ve dış krizler, üye devletlerin bağımsız bir güvenlik ve savunma politikası geliştirme konusundaki girişimlerini önemli ölçüde artırmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, AB’nin bağımsız bir güvenlik ve savunma politikası geliştirme düşüncesini, zaman içinde duyurduğu stratejiler çerçevesinde hangi düzeyde hayata geçirebildiğini araştırmaktır. Çalışma, AB’nin bağımsız bir güvenlik ve savunma politikasını ABD ve NATO’ya rağmen değil, ABD ve NATO ile işbirliği içinde gerçekleştirebileceğini ortaya koymaktadır. Çalışma, bu varsayımı desteklemek için de kısa süre önce duyurulan Stratejik Pusula ile açıklanan yeni yaklaşıma vurgu yapmaktadır. Nitel araştırma metodu içinde yer alan nitel veri toplama yöntemlerinden doküman/metin analizini kullanan bu çalışma sonuç olarak, Stratejik Pusula ile duyurulan yeni anlayışın AB’nin bağımsız bir güvenlik ve savunma politikası geliştirme düşüncesini, ABD ve NATO ile işbirliği içinde ileri taşıyabileceğini ortaya koymaktadır

Anahtar Kelimeler

Avrupa Birliği, OGSP, Küresel Strateji, Stratejik Pusula, Avrupa Bütünleşmesi

THE EU'S THOUGHT TO DEVELOP AN INDEPENDENT SECURITY AND DEFENSE POLICY AND THE STRATEGIC COMPASS

Öz

The European Union (EU), which had to adopt a security and defense policy focused on the United States of America (USA) and NATO during the Cold War, could not find the opportunity to implement the idea of developing an independent security and defense policy, which it had been focusing on for a long time. However, the change in the structure of the international system in the post-Cold War period, the differentiation of threats and the internal and external crises experienced by the EU, especially in the last ten years, have significantly increased the attempts of the member states to develop an independent security and defense policy. The aim of this study is to investigate at what level the EU has been able to implement the idea of developing an independent security and defense policy. The study reveals that the EU can realize an independent security and defense policy not in spite of the USA and NATO, but in cooperation with the USA and NATO. To support this assumption, the study emphasizes the new approach described in the recently announced Strategic Compass. This study, which uses document/text analysis, one of the qualitative data collection methods included in the qualitative research method, finally reveals that the new understanding announced by the Strategic Compass can advance the EU's idea of developing an independent security and defense policy in cooperation with the USA and NATO.

Anahtar Kelimeler

European Union, CSDP, Global Strategy, Strategic Compass, European Integration

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