21. YÜZYILDA KÜRESEL SALGINLARIN ULUSAL GÜVENLİĞE ETKİSİ: AMERİKA BİRLEŞİK DEVLETLERİ ÖRNEĞİ

Öz

Ulusal güvenlik kavramı II. Dünya Savaşı sırasında ortaya çıkmıştır. Kavramın referans nesnesi olarak devlet belirlenmiş ve devletin kendi başına mücadelesine vurgu yapılmıştır. Amerika Birleşik Devletleri (ABD) kavramın geliştirilmesinde etkili olmuştur. İlk ortaya çıktığında kavram askeri tehditlerle mücadele amacıyla kullanılmış ardından Soğuk Savaşın yumuşamaya başlamasıyla ekonomik tehditlerde kavram içerisine dahil edilmiştir. Kavramın içeriğinin dönüşümünde Soğuk Savaşın bitmesi etkili olmuş sosyal, çevre ve sağlık tehditleri de ulusal güvenlik kapsamında ele alınmıştır. Dönemin de etkisiyle ulusal sağlık güvenliği kavramı oluşmuştur. Ulusal sağlık güvenliği kısaca devletin istikrarını ve kamu düzenini bozan sağlık tehditleri olarak ele alınmıştır. Bu tehditler arasında bulaşıcı hastalıklar, küresel salgınlar, biyolojik silahlar kabul edilmiştir. Çalışma küresel salgınların nasıl bir ulusal güvenlik tehdidi oluşturduğu sorusuna cevap arayacaktır. Amacı, ABD’nin küresel salgınları nasıl bir ulusal sağlık güvenliği tehdidi olarak algıladığı SARS ve Kovid-19 küresel salgınları üzerinden süreç takip yöntemi kullanarak söylem ve eylemlerinde süreklilikleri, değişimleri ve dönüşümleri ortaya koymaktır. Bunu yaparken ABD Başkanları George W. Bush, Donald Trump, Joe Biden’ın küresel salgınlar sırasındaki söylemleri, eylemler için ise 2002, 2017 ve 2022 ABD ulusal güvenlik strateji belgeleri incelenmiştir. Çalışma ABD’nin ulusal sağlık güvenliği tehdidi olarak Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti’ni gördüğü ve küresel salgınları ekonomik tehdit olarak algıladığını ortaya çıkarmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• : Küresel Salgın
• SARS
• Kovid-19
• Ulusal Sağlık Güvenliği
• Süreç Takip Yöntemi.

IN THE 21st CENTURY THE IMPACT OF GLOBAL PANDEMICS ON NATIONAL SECURITY: THE CASE OF THE UNITED STATE OF AMERICA

Öz

The concept of national security emerged during World War II. The state was identified as the object of reference of the concept and the self-help of the state was emphasised. The United States of America (USA) was influential in developing the concept. When it first emerged, the concept was used to struggle military threats, and then, as the Cold War began to detente, economic threats were included in the concept. The end of the Cold War had an impact on the content of the concept, and social, environmental and health threats were included in the national security framework. With the influence of the period, the concept of national health security was formed. National health security is briefly defined as health threats that disrupt the stability and public order of the state. Among these threats, infectious diseases, global pandemics and biological weapons were accepted. The study will seek an answer to the question of how global pandemics pose a national security threat. The aim is to reveal the continuities, changes and transformations in the discourse and actions of the USA by using the process tracing method through the SARS and Covid-19 pandemics, how the USA perceives global pandemics as a national health security threat. In doing so, the discourses of USA Presidents George W. Bush, Donald Trump and Joe Biden during the pandemics and the USA National Security Strategy documents of 2002, 2017 and 2022 were analysed for actions. The study shows that the USA perceives the People’s Republic of China as a national health security threat and global pandemics are perceived as an economic threat.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Global Pandemics
• SARS
• Covid-19
• National Health Security
• Process Tracing Method.

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