AUTONOMOUS/UNMANNED MARITIME VEHICLES: AN EVALUATION OF REGULATORY COMPLIANCE IN TERMS OF INTERNATIONAL MARITIME CONVENTIONS AND MARINE ACCIDENTS

Öz

In recent years, the integration of artificial intelligence and automation systems into the maritime industry has significantly accelerated the development of autonomus/unmanned maritime vehicles, bringing their potential operational advantages to the forefront. However, since the existing international maritime regulations are based on human-centered frameworks, they contain substantial gaps regarding the legal status, liability, safety, and regulatory oversight of autonomous/unmanned ships. This study examines role and status of autonomus/unmanned maritime vehicles within the international maritime conventions, such as UNCLOS, SOLAS, COLREG, MARPOL, STCW, and analyzing liability regimes in terms of marine accidents and evaluating potential elements of regulatory framework required for their effective integration into the existing regulatory system. Furthermore, drawing upon regulatory frameworks established for autonomous land vehicles, this study explores regulatory approaches that could be adapted to the maritime industry and presents some recommendations for the development of a comprehensive international regulatory framework governing autonomus/unmanned maritime vehicles.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Maritime management
• international maritime conventions
• maritime safety and security
• marine accidents
• autonomous unmanned maritime vehicles

OTONOM/İNSANSIZ DENİZ ARAÇLARI: ULUSLARARASI DENİZCİLİK SÖZLEŞMELERİ VE DENİZ KAZALARI AÇISINDAN MEVZUATA UYGUNLUĞUNA YÖNELİK BİR DEĞERLENDİRME

Öz

Son yıllarda yapay zeka ve otomasyon sistemlerinin denizcilik sektörüne entegrasyonu, otonom/insansız deniz araçlarının gelişimini hızlandırmış ve bu teknolojinin sunduğu potansiyel operasyonel avantajları gündeme getirmiştir. Bununla birlikte, mevcut uluslararası denizcilik mevzuatı, insan merkezli düzenlemelere dayandığından, otonom/insansız deniz araçlarının yasal statüsü, sorumluluklar, emniyet ve denetim süreçleri açısından önemli boşluklar barındırmaktadır. Bu çalışma, otonom/insansız deniz araçlarının, denizcilik sektöründeki rolünü ve statüsünü, UNCLOS, SOLAS, COLREG, MARPOL ve STCW gibi başlıca uluslararası denizcilik mevzuatı çerçevesinde analiz etmekte, deniz kazaları bağlamında sorumluluk rejimlerini irdelemekte ve bu teknolojinin denizcilik sözleşmelerine entegrasyonu için gereksinim duyulan düzenleyici çerçevenin potansiyel unsurlarını tartışmaktadır. Ayrıca, otonom kara taşıtları için oluşturulmuş düzenleyici çerçeveden hareketle, denizciliğe uyarlanabilecek düzenleyici yaklaşımlar ve otonom/insansız deniz araçları için kapsamlı bir uluslararası düzenleyici çerçevenin geliştirilmesine yönelik bazı öneriler sunulmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Denizcilik yönetimi
• uluslararası denizcilik sözleşmeleri
• deniz emniyeti ve güvenliği
• deniz kazaları
• otonom ve insansız deniz araçları

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