SAHEL İHTİLAFINDA ZOR BARIŞ VE KONTROLSÜZ ALANIN ETKİSİ

Öz

Sahel Bölgesi (Sahra çölünün kuzey bölümündeki yarı kurak bölge), son otuz yıllık süre içinde şiddetle eş anlamlı hale gelmiştir. Yoksulluk, hızlı nüfus artışı, radikal aşırıcılık, gıda güvencesinin yokluğu, iklim değişikliği, insan kaçakçılığı, göç ve kötü yönetim “ihtilaf koridoru” olarak da anılan bölgedeki istikrarsızlığın nedenlerine dair literatüre egemen olmuştur. Terörle ilişkili saldırılardaki hızlı artış ve şiddet içeren aşırılık endişe konusu olmuştur. Küresel Terörizm Endeksi sıralamasına göre, Mali, Nijer ve Çad ve ayrıca bunlara komşu olan Libya ve Nijerya, terörizmden en fazla etkilenen ilk 30 ülke arasındadır. Bu makale Sahel krizini, kontrolsüz alan teorisinin merceğinden incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Makalenin başında, ihtilafın evrimi ve bölgedeki kontrolsüz alanlar ile sonu gelmez ihtilaf arasındaki ilişki gözden geçirilecektir. Makalede, yıllarca süren sistematik ötekileştirmenin silahlı gruplarca istifade edilen küçük çaplı kontrolsüz toprak parçalarını meydana getirdiği iddia edilmektedir. Makale bulgulara dayanarak, barış ve meşruiyetin sağlanması için askeri, sosyal ve ekonomik hizmetler ile kapsayıcılığın orantılı araçlar halinde kullanılması şeklindeki çok boyutlu yaklaşımı önermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sahel,Kontrolsüz Alan,Terörizm,İhtilaf,Barış İnşası

ELUSIVE PEACE AND THE IMPACT OF UNGOVERNED SPACE IN THE SAHEL CONFLICT

Öz

The Sahel region has become synonymous with violence over the last three decades. Poverty, rapid population growth, food insecurity, climate change, human trafficking, migration, and poor governance have dominated the literature on the causes of instability in a region also referred to as ‘the corridor of conflict. Of concern has been the rapid increase in terror-related attacks as well as violent extremism. According to the Global Terrorism Index ranking, Mali, Niger, and Chad, as well as the neighboring Libya and Nigeria, are among the top 30 countries affected by terrorism. This paper seeks to examine the instability in the Sahel through the ungoverned space theory lenses. It interogates the evolution of the crisis, and the relationship between the ungoverned spaces in the region and the unending conflict. It argues that years of systematic marginalization and ineffective administration have created pockets of ungoverned territories which are being exploited by armed groups. Based on the findings, this paper recommends a multidimensional approach that combines military, social and economic reforms, as well as inclusivity in proportional means to achieve peace and stability in the region

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sahel,Ungoverned Space,Terrorism,Conflict,Peacebuilding

Kaynakça

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