CARD-NOT-PRESENT FRAUD VICTIMIZATION: A ROUTINE ACTIVITIES APPROACH TO UNDERSTAND THE RISK FACTORS

Öz

Banking cards, including credit cards, debit card, pre-paid debit cards and ATM cards, have become the primary payment method in online transactions. However, this popularity boosted the Card-not-present (CNP) fraud victimization. Despite numerous studies exploring technological solutions to prevent CNP fraud, there is a shortage of theoretically informed research exploring the online lifestyle correlates of CNP. This study, which utilizes the dataset of Crime Survey for England and Wales 2014/2015, addresses this gap in the literature. Routine Activities Theory was used as the theoretical and conceptual framework in this present study. Bivariate and multivariate analyses results suggested that home users’ online lifestyle increases the risk of becoming a victim of CNP fraud. Buying goods or services, accessing online government services and online communication (email/instant messaging and chat rooms) emerged as risk factors. Illustrating the impact of technological vulnerabilities (mobile phones and public access computers) on the risk of CNP fraud victimization was another novel contribution of this study. Additionally, personal guardianship measures, using complex passwords and different passwords, emerged as predictors of victimization. These results provide valuable implications for situational crime prevention efforts. Practical and theoretical implications of this study are further discussed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Card-Not-Present Fraud,Fraud,Cybercrime,Identity Theft,Situational Crime Prevention,Routine Activities Theory,Security,International Relations

ÇEVRİMİÇİ BANKA KARTI DOLANDIRICILIĞI: RİSK FAKTÖRLERİNİ ANLAMADA RUTİN AKTİVİTELER YAKLAŞIMI

Öz

Kredi kartları, banka kartı, ön ödemeli banka kartları ve ATM kartları dahil olmak üzere banka kartları, çevrimiçi işlemlerde öncelikli ödeme yöntemi haline gelmiştir. Ancak bu popülerlik banka kartlarının fiziksel olmayan kullanımı dolandıcılığı (BKFOK) mağduriyetinin artmasına neden olmuştur. BKFOK dolandırıcılığını önlemek için teknolojik çözümleri araştıran çok sayıda çalışmaya rağmen, BKFOK dolandırıcılığının çevrimiçi yaşam tarzı ilişkilerini araştıran teorik olarak temellendirilmiş araştırma eksikliği mevcuttur. İngiltere ve Galler 2014/2015 Suç Araştırması veri setininin kullanıldığı çalışmamız, literatürdeki bu boşluk üzerinde kurgulanmıştır. Bu çalışmada teorik ve kavramsal çerçeve olarak Rutin Aktiviteler Teorisi kullanılmıştır. İki değişkenli ve çok değişkenli analiz sonuçları, ev kullanıcılarının çevrimiçi yaşam tarzının BKFOK Dolandırıcılığı kurbanı olma riskini artırdığını göstermektedir. Çevrimiçi mal veya hizmet satın almak, çevrimiçi devlet hizmetlerine erişmek ve çevrimiçi iletişim (e-posta / anlık mesajlaşma ve sohbet odaları) risk faktörleri olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Teknolojik güvenlik açıklarının (cep telefonları ve kamusal alanda kullanılan açık erişim bilgisayarlar) BKFOK dolandırıcılığı mağduriyeti riski üzerindeki etkisini ortaya koymak, bu çalışmanın bir başka önemli katkısıdır. Buna ek olarak, karmaşık parolalar ve farklı parolalar gibi bireysel güvenlik tedbirlerini kullanmak mağduriyetin tahminleyici faktörleri olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu sonuçlar durumsal suç önleme çabaları için değerli sonuçlar vermektedir. Bu çalışmanın pratik ve teorik sonuçları metin içerisinde tartışılmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Banka Kartı Dolandırıcılığı,Dolandırıcılık,Siber Suçlar,Kimlik Hırsızlığı,Suç Önleme,Rutin Aktiviteler Teorisi,Güvenlik,Uluslararası İlişkiler

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