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Historical Development of the Philippines Peace Process: 1976-2016

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 53 - 80, 15.11.2017
https://doi.org/10.28956/gbd.354133

Öz



As a vulnerable process,
peacebuilding depends on the interaction of numerous dynamics. Various factors
such as the political will of political leaders, attitudes of conflicting
parties, international circumstances and roles of third-parties profoundly
influence peace processes in confuct-ridden societies. In this regard, this
article focuses on the historical development of the Philippines peace process
and examines the impact of presidents on the peace process between 1976 and
2016. Procedurally, based on the analysis of official declaration and documents
as well as the search of the existing literature, this article shows that the
policies of negotiation and/or armed struggle conducted by the six presidents
had a primary impact on the course of the peace process in the Philippines.




Kaynakça

  • Abinales, P. N., Amoroso D.J. (2005). State and Society in the Philippines, Oxford: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
  • Abinales, P. N. (2010). The Philippines in 2009: The Blustery Days of August, Asian Survey, Vol 50, No.1, pp. 218-227.
  • Abubakar, C. A. (2004). Review of the Mindanao Peace Process, Inter-Asa Cultural Studies, Volume 5, N. 3.
  • Agrasada, D. (2003). Peace Derivatives and Probabilities in Muslim Mindanao, http://www.asianresearch.org/articles/1498.html, Erişim Tarihi 12.10.2014.
  • Arroyo orders ceasefire with rebels (2001, 20 February), BBC News, http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/1179851.stm, Erişim Tarihi 30.8.2017.
  • Arroyo's new peace plan: dialogue and disarmament (2008, 22 August). ABS-CBN News, http://news.abs-cbn.com/nation/08/22/08/arroyos-new-peace-plan-dialogue-and-disarmament, Erişim Tarihi 30.8.2017.
  • Bangsamoro Year- End Report (2015). https://peace.gov.ph/2015/12/bangsamoro-year-end-report-2015/, Erişim Tarihi 3.9.2017.
  • Bolongaita, E. P. (2000). The Philippines in 1999: Balancing Restive Democracy and Recovering Economy, Asian Survey, Vol 40, No.1, A Survey of Asia in 1999: Part II, pp. 67-77.
  • Brillantes A. B. (1993). The Philippines in 1992: Ready for Take Off?, Asian Survey, Vol 33, No.2, A Survey of Asia in 1992: Part II, pp.224-230.
  • Brillantes, A. B. (2005). Institutional and Politico-Administrative Responses on Armed Conflicts, Human Development Network Foundation, Quezon City.
  • Chalk, P. (1997). The Davao Consensus: A Panacea fot the Muslim Insurgency in Mindanao?, Terrorism and Violence, Vol.9, No.2, pp. 79-98.
  • Coronel- Ferrer, M. (2015, 9 September). Peacetalk: With Trust and Faith, Peace is possible, MindaNews, http://www.mindanews.com/mindaviews/2015/09/peacetalk-with-trust-and-faith-peace-is-possible/, Erişim Tarihi 26.7.2017.
  • Coronel. S. S. (2007). The Philippines in 2006: Democracy and Its Discontents, Asian Survey, Vol 47, No.1, pp.175-182.
  • Derouen, K., Heo U. (2007). Civil Wars of the World: Major Conflicts Since World War II, California: ABC-CLIO.
  • Dizon, D. (2011, 25 October). FVR: Erap's all-out war displaced 1 million people, ABS-CBN News, http://news.abs-cbn.com/-depth/10/21/11/fvr-tells-war-advocates-were-not-movie, Erişim Tarihi 1.9.2017.
  • Erap to resume all-out war if elected, (2009, 20 October). ABS-CBN News, http://news.abs-cbn.com/nation/10/20/09/erap-resume-all-out-war-if-elected, Erişim Tarihi 30.8.2017.
  • Executive Order No 371, (1996, 2 October). Official Gazette, http://www.gov.ph/1996/10/02/executive-order-no-371-s-1996/, Erişim Tarihi 12.10.2016.
  • Filipinler’de tarihi barış imzaları atıldı (2012, 16 Ekim). Radikal, http://www.radikal.com.tr/dunya/filipinlerde_tarihi_baris_imzalari_atildi-1104183, Erişim Tarihi 10.11.2014.
  • Franco, J. R. S. (2013). Malaysia: Unsung Hero of the Philippine Peace Process, Asian Security, 9:3, pp. 211-230.
  • Hernandez, C. G. (1988). The Philippines in 1987: Challenged of Redemocratization, Asian Survey, Vol 28, No.2, A Survey of Asia in 1987: Part II, pp.229-241.
  • Hernandez, C. G. (1997). The Philippines in 1996: A House Finally in Order?, Asian Survey, Vol 37, No.2, A Survey of Asia in 1996: Part II, pp. 204-211.
  • Hernandez, A. (2014). National Building And Identity Conflicts: Facilitating the Mediation Process in Sourthern Philippines, Leipzig: Springer.
  • Hicken, A. (2008). The Philippines in 2007: Ballots, Budgets, and Bribes, Asian Survey, Vol 48, No.1, pp.75-81.
  • Hicken, A. (2009). The Philippines in 2008: Peace-building, War-Fighting and Crisis Management, Asian Survey, Vol 49, No.1, pp.193-199.
  • Kamlian, J., (2003). Ethnic and Religious Conflict in Southern Philippines: A Discourse on Self- Determination, Political Autonomy and Conflict Resolution, Islam and Human Rights Project, Emorry University, Atlanta.
  • Labrador. M. C. (2001). The Philippines in 2000: In Search of a Silver Lining…, Asian Survey, Vol 41, No.1, pp.221-229.
  • Labrador. M. C. (2002). The Philippines in 2001: High Drama, a New President, and Setting the Stage for Recovery,, Asian Survey, Vol 42, No.1, pp.141-149.
  • Macdonald, G. (2013). Güney Filipinler’de Barış İhtimali ve Karşılaşılan Engeller, Democratic Process Institute, http://www.democraticprogress.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/PhilippinesPaper-Turkish.pdf, London.
  • Machado, K. G. (1978). The Philippinesin 1977: Beginning A “Return Normalcy?”, Asian Survey, Vol 18, No.2, pp.202-211.
  • Machado, K. G. (1979). The Philippines in 1978: Authoritarian Consolidation Continues, Asian Survey, Vol 19, No.2, A Survey of Asia in 1978: Part II, pp.131-140.
  • Mercado, F. E. R. (2003). The Mindanao Peace Process: Mediating Peace between the Philippine Government and the Moro Fronts, Washington, www.rc.net/rome/afprs/mercado.doc, Erişim Tarihi 12.12.2014.
  • Majul, C.A., (1973). Muslims In The Philippines, The University of the Philippines Press, Quezon City.
  • Mckenna, T. M. (1998). Muslim Rulers and Rebels: Everyday Politics and Armed Separatism in the Southern Philippines, Berkley: University of California Press.
  • Montesana, M. J. (2004). The Philippines in 2003: Troubles, None of Them New, Asian Survey, Vol 44, No.1, pp.93-101.
  • Montinola, G. R. (1999). The Philippines in 1998: Opportunity amid Crisis, Asian Survey, Vol 39, No.1, A Survey of Asia in 1998: Part II, pp.64-71.
  • Mou- Ad (2008). Memorandum of Agreement Ancestral Domain, Bangsamoro Juridical Entity, http://www.gov.ph/2008/08/05/memorandum-of-agreement-ancestral-domain-bangsamoro-juridical-entity-august-5-2008/.
  • Neher, C. D. (1981). The Philippines in 1980: The Gathering Storm, Asian Survey, Vol 21, No.2, A Survey of Asia in 1980: Part II, pp.261-273.
  • Noble, L. (1976). The Moro National Liberation Front in the Philippines, Pacific Affairs, Vol. 49, No. 3, pp. 405-424.
  • Noble, L. (1977). Philippines 1976: The Constrast between Shrine and Shanty, Asian Survey, Vol 17, No.2, pp.133-142.
  • Obituary: Corazon Aquino (2009, 31 July). BBC News, http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/7324443.stm, Erişim Tarihi 30.8.2017.
  • Office of the Presidential Adviser on the Peace Process, https://peace.gov.ph/, Erişim Tarihi 3.7.2017.
  • Özerdem, A. (2012). The Contribution of the Organisation of the Islamic Conference to the Peace Process in Mindanao, Civil Wars, C.14, No.3, ss. 393-413.
  • Philippines unrest: Who are the Abu Sayyaf group? (2016, 14 Haziran). BBC News, http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-36138554, Erişim Tarihi 2.2.2017.
  • Profile of Internal Displacement: Philippines (2001). The Global IDP Database of the Norwegian Refugee Council, http://www.internal-displacement.org/, Erişim Tarihi 3.04.2017.
  • Quilala, D. F. (2007). The GRP-MILF Peace Process After September 11 and the Involvement of the United States, Philippine Political Science Journal, 28:51, 85-108.
  • Santos, S. (2005). Evolution Of The Armed Conflict on the Moro Front, Human Development Network Foundation, Inc. for the Philippine Human Development Report, Quezon City.
  • Santos, S. (2010). DDR and ‘Disposition of Forces’ of Philippine Rebel Groups, Primed and Purposeful Armed Groups and Human Security Efforts in The Philippines, Ed. Diana Rodriguez, Geneva: Small Arms Survey, 2010.
  • Speech of MILF Chairman Aj Haj Murad Ebrahim at the signing of the Comprehensive Agreement on the Bangsomoro (2014, 28 March). Office of the Presidental Adviser on the Peace Process, http://www.opapp.gov.ph/milf/news/speech-milf-chairman-aj-haj-murad-ebrahim-signing-comprehensive-agreement-bangsamoro, Erişim Tarihi 12.10.2016.
  • Speech of President Corazon Aquino on the signing of the Organic Act for the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (1989, 1 August). Official Gazette, http://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1989/08/01/speech-of-president-corazon-aquino-on-the-signing-of-the-organic-act-for-the-autonomous-region-in-muslim-mindanao/, Erişim Tarihi 30.8.2017
  • Speech of President Ramos (1996, 2 September). Official Gazette, http://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1996/09/02/speech-of-president-ramos-at-the-signing-of-the-final-peace-agreement-between-the-government-of-the-republic-of-the-philippines-and-the-moro-national-liberation-front/, Erişim Tarihi 30.8.2017.
  • Talks with MILF rebs resume (2000, 17 January). Philstar, http://www.philstar.com:8080/headlines/93567/talks-milf-rebs-resume, Erişim Tarihi 31.8.2017.
  • Taştekin, F. (2012). Barış Nasıl Yapılmaz: Moro’dan Dersler, Radikal, http://www.radikal.com.tr/yazarlar/fehim_tastekin/baris_nasil_yapilmaz_morodan_dersler-1104583, Erişim Tarihi 11.11.2014.
  • Taya, S. L. (2007). The Political Strategies of the Moro Islamic Liberation Front for Self- Determination in the Philippines, Intellectual Discourse, Vol 15, No. 1, ss 59-84.
  • Timberman, D. G. (1991). The Philippines in 1990: On Shaky Ground, Asian Survey, Vol 31, No.2, A Survey of Asia in 1990: Part II, pp.153-163.
  • The Comprehensive Agreement on the Bangsamoro (2014). http://www.gov.ph/2014/03/27/document-cab/, Erişim Tarihi 24.11.2014.
  • The Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines (1987, 2 February). Official Gazette, http://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/1987-constitution/, Erişim Tarihi 29.8.2017.
  • The Final Peace Agreement (1996). Office of the Presidental Adviser on the Peace Process, https://peace.gov.ph/1976/11/final-peace-agreement-implementation-1976-tripoli-agreement-grp-mnlf/, Erişim Tarihi 8.03.2017.
  • The Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro (2012). Office of the Presidental Adviser on the Peace Process, http://www.opapp.gov.ph/resources/framework-agreement-bangsamoro, Erişim Tarihi 10.11.2014.
  • The Indigenous Peoples’ Right (1997). An Act to Recognize, Protect and Promote the Rights Of Indigenous Cultural Communities/Indigenous Peoples, Creating A National Commission On Indigenous Peoples, Establishing Implementing Mechanisms, Appropriating Funds Therefor, and For Other Purposes.
  • The Philippines: Running in Place in Mindanao (2009). International Crisis Group, Policy Briefing, Asia Briefing No 88, Jakarta-Brussels.
  • The Six Paths to Peace (1993). Office of the Presidental Adviser on the Peace Process, https://peace.gov.ph/opapp/executive-order-no-125-s-1993/, Erişim Tarihi 12.10.2016.
  • The Tripoli Agreement (1976). Office of the Presidental Adviser on the Peace Process, https://peace.gov.ph/2016/01/1976-tripoli-agreement/, Erişim Tarihi 12.10.2014.
  • UNDP (2013). http://www.ph.undp.org/content/philippines/en/home/presscenter/pressr eleases/2013/07/29/human-development-index-highlights-inequality-slow-pace-of-progress.html, Erişim Tarihi 09.09.2016.
  • Unson, J. (2009, 6 Ağustos). Misuari Cites Cory’s role in peace process, Philstar, http://www.philstar.com/nation/493053/misuari-cites-corys-role-peace-process, Erişim Tarihi 30.8.2017.
  • Unson, J. (2017, 25 February). New Entity to Replace ARMM Government Urged, Philippine Daily Inquirer, http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2017/02/25/1675645/new-entity-replace-armm-government-urged, Erişim Tarihi 31.8.2017.
  • Villegas, B. M. (1986). The Philippines in 1985: Rolling with the Political Punches, Asian Survey, Vol 26, No.2, A Survey of Asia in 1985: Part II, pp.127-140.
  • Villegas, B. M. (1987). The Philippines in 1986: Democratic Reconstruction in the Post-Marcos Era, Asian Survey, Vol 27, No.2, A Survey of Asia in 1986: Part II, pp.194-205.
  • Youngblood, R. L. (1982). The Philippines in 1981: From “New Society” to “New Republic”, Asian Survey, Vol 22, No.2, A Survey of Asia in 1980: Part II, pp.226-235.

FİLİPİNLER BARIŞ SÜRECİNİN TARİHSEL GELİŞİMİ: 1976-2016

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 53 - 80, 15.11.2017
https://doi.org/10.28956/gbd.354133

Öz



Kırılgan
bir süreç olarak barış inşası pek çok dinamiğin etkileşimine dayanmaktadır.
Siyasi liderlerin iradesi, çatışan tarafların tutumları, uluslararası koşullar
ve üçüncü tarafların rolleri gibi çeşitli etkenler çatışma yaşayan toplumlarda
barış süreçlerini derinden etkilemektedir. Bu bağlamda, bu makale Filipinler
barış sürecinin tarihsel gelişimine odaklanmakta ve 1976-2016 yılları arasında
devlet başkanlarının barış sürecine etkisini incelemektedir. Yöntemsel olarak
mevcut literatür taraması ile resmî açıklama ve dokümanların analizine dayanan
bu makale, altı devlet başkanın izlediği müzakere ve/veya silahlı mücadele
politikalarının barış sürecinin seyri üzerinde asli bir etkiye sahip olduğunu
göstermektedir.



Kaynakça

  • Abinales, P. N., Amoroso D.J. (2005). State and Society in the Philippines, Oxford: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
  • Abinales, P. N. (2010). The Philippines in 2009: The Blustery Days of August, Asian Survey, Vol 50, No.1, pp. 218-227.
  • Abubakar, C. A. (2004). Review of the Mindanao Peace Process, Inter-Asa Cultural Studies, Volume 5, N. 3.
  • Agrasada, D. (2003). Peace Derivatives and Probabilities in Muslim Mindanao, http://www.asianresearch.org/articles/1498.html, Erişim Tarihi 12.10.2014.
  • Arroyo orders ceasefire with rebels (2001, 20 February), BBC News, http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/1179851.stm, Erişim Tarihi 30.8.2017.
  • Arroyo's new peace plan: dialogue and disarmament (2008, 22 August). ABS-CBN News, http://news.abs-cbn.com/nation/08/22/08/arroyos-new-peace-plan-dialogue-and-disarmament, Erişim Tarihi 30.8.2017.
  • Bangsamoro Year- End Report (2015). https://peace.gov.ph/2015/12/bangsamoro-year-end-report-2015/, Erişim Tarihi 3.9.2017.
  • Bolongaita, E. P. (2000). The Philippines in 1999: Balancing Restive Democracy and Recovering Economy, Asian Survey, Vol 40, No.1, A Survey of Asia in 1999: Part II, pp. 67-77.
  • Brillantes A. B. (1993). The Philippines in 1992: Ready for Take Off?, Asian Survey, Vol 33, No.2, A Survey of Asia in 1992: Part II, pp.224-230.
  • Brillantes, A. B. (2005). Institutional and Politico-Administrative Responses on Armed Conflicts, Human Development Network Foundation, Quezon City.
  • Chalk, P. (1997). The Davao Consensus: A Panacea fot the Muslim Insurgency in Mindanao?, Terrorism and Violence, Vol.9, No.2, pp. 79-98.
  • Coronel- Ferrer, M. (2015, 9 September). Peacetalk: With Trust and Faith, Peace is possible, MindaNews, http://www.mindanews.com/mindaviews/2015/09/peacetalk-with-trust-and-faith-peace-is-possible/, Erişim Tarihi 26.7.2017.
  • Coronel. S. S. (2007). The Philippines in 2006: Democracy and Its Discontents, Asian Survey, Vol 47, No.1, pp.175-182.
  • Derouen, K., Heo U. (2007). Civil Wars of the World: Major Conflicts Since World War II, California: ABC-CLIO.
  • Dizon, D. (2011, 25 October). FVR: Erap's all-out war displaced 1 million people, ABS-CBN News, http://news.abs-cbn.com/-depth/10/21/11/fvr-tells-war-advocates-were-not-movie, Erişim Tarihi 1.9.2017.
  • Erap to resume all-out war if elected, (2009, 20 October). ABS-CBN News, http://news.abs-cbn.com/nation/10/20/09/erap-resume-all-out-war-if-elected, Erişim Tarihi 30.8.2017.
  • Executive Order No 371, (1996, 2 October). Official Gazette, http://www.gov.ph/1996/10/02/executive-order-no-371-s-1996/, Erişim Tarihi 12.10.2016.
  • Filipinler’de tarihi barış imzaları atıldı (2012, 16 Ekim). Radikal, http://www.radikal.com.tr/dunya/filipinlerde_tarihi_baris_imzalari_atildi-1104183, Erişim Tarihi 10.11.2014.
  • Franco, J. R. S. (2013). Malaysia: Unsung Hero of the Philippine Peace Process, Asian Security, 9:3, pp. 211-230.
  • Hernandez, C. G. (1988). The Philippines in 1987: Challenged of Redemocratization, Asian Survey, Vol 28, No.2, A Survey of Asia in 1987: Part II, pp.229-241.
  • Hernandez, C. G. (1997). The Philippines in 1996: A House Finally in Order?, Asian Survey, Vol 37, No.2, A Survey of Asia in 1996: Part II, pp. 204-211.
  • Hernandez, A. (2014). National Building And Identity Conflicts: Facilitating the Mediation Process in Sourthern Philippines, Leipzig: Springer.
  • Hicken, A. (2008). The Philippines in 2007: Ballots, Budgets, and Bribes, Asian Survey, Vol 48, No.1, pp.75-81.
  • Hicken, A. (2009). The Philippines in 2008: Peace-building, War-Fighting and Crisis Management, Asian Survey, Vol 49, No.1, pp.193-199.
  • Kamlian, J., (2003). Ethnic and Religious Conflict in Southern Philippines: A Discourse on Self- Determination, Political Autonomy and Conflict Resolution, Islam and Human Rights Project, Emorry University, Atlanta.
  • Labrador. M. C. (2001). The Philippines in 2000: In Search of a Silver Lining…, Asian Survey, Vol 41, No.1, pp.221-229.
  • Labrador. M. C. (2002). The Philippines in 2001: High Drama, a New President, and Setting the Stage for Recovery,, Asian Survey, Vol 42, No.1, pp.141-149.
  • Macdonald, G. (2013). Güney Filipinler’de Barış İhtimali ve Karşılaşılan Engeller, Democratic Process Institute, http://www.democraticprogress.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/PhilippinesPaper-Turkish.pdf, London.
  • Machado, K. G. (1978). The Philippinesin 1977: Beginning A “Return Normalcy?”, Asian Survey, Vol 18, No.2, pp.202-211.
  • Machado, K. G. (1979). The Philippines in 1978: Authoritarian Consolidation Continues, Asian Survey, Vol 19, No.2, A Survey of Asia in 1978: Part II, pp.131-140.
  • Mercado, F. E. R. (2003). The Mindanao Peace Process: Mediating Peace between the Philippine Government and the Moro Fronts, Washington, www.rc.net/rome/afprs/mercado.doc, Erişim Tarihi 12.12.2014.
  • Majul, C.A., (1973). Muslims In The Philippines, The University of the Philippines Press, Quezon City.
  • Mckenna, T. M. (1998). Muslim Rulers and Rebels: Everyday Politics and Armed Separatism in the Southern Philippines, Berkley: University of California Press.
  • Montesana, M. J. (2004). The Philippines in 2003: Troubles, None of Them New, Asian Survey, Vol 44, No.1, pp.93-101.
  • Montinola, G. R. (1999). The Philippines in 1998: Opportunity amid Crisis, Asian Survey, Vol 39, No.1, A Survey of Asia in 1998: Part II, pp.64-71.
  • Mou- Ad (2008). Memorandum of Agreement Ancestral Domain, Bangsamoro Juridical Entity, http://www.gov.ph/2008/08/05/memorandum-of-agreement-ancestral-domain-bangsamoro-juridical-entity-august-5-2008/.
  • Neher, C. D. (1981). The Philippines in 1980: The Gathering Storm, Asian Survey, Vol 21, No.2, A Survey of Asia in 1980: Part II, pp.261-273.
  • Noble, L. (1976). The Moro National Liberation Front in the Philippines, Pacific Affairs, Vol. 49, No. 3, pp. 405-424.
  • Noble, L. (1977). Philippines 1976: The Constrast between Shrine and Shanty, Asian Survey, Vol 17, No.2, pp.133-142.
  • Obituary: Corazon Aquino (2009, 31 July). BBC News, http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/7324443.stm, Erişim Tarihi 30.8.2017.
  • Office of the Presidential Adviser on the Peace Process, https://peace.gov.ph/, Erişim Tarihi 3.7.2017.
  • Özerdem, A. (2012). The Contribution of the Organisation of the Islamic Conference to the Peace Process in Mindanao, Civil Wars, C.14, No.3, ss. 393-413.
  • Philippines unrest: Who are the Abu Sayyaf group? (2016, 14 Haziran). BBC News, http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-36138554, Erişim Tarihi 2.2.2017.
  • Profile of Internal Displacement: Philippines (2001). The Global IDP Database of the Norwegian Refugee Council, http://www.internal-displacement.org/, Erişim Tarihi 3.04.2017.
  • Quilala, D. F. (2007). The GRP-MILF Peace Process After September 11 and the Involvement of the United States, Philippine Political Science Journal, 28:51, 85-108.
  • Santos, S. (2005). Evolution Of The Armed Conflict on the Moro Front, Human Development Network Foundation, Inc. for the Philippine Human Development Report, Quezon City.
  • Santos, S. (2010). DDR and ‘Disposition of Forces’ of Philippine Rebel Groups, Primed and Purposeful Armed Groups and Human Security Efforts in The Philippines, Ed. Diana Rodriguez, Geneva: Small Arms Survey, 2010.
  • Speech of MILF Chairman Aj Haj Murad Ebrahim at the signing of the Comprehensive Agreement on the Bangsomoro (2014, 28 March). Office of the Presidental Adviser on the Peace Process, http://www.opapp.gov.ph/milf/news/speech-milf-chairman-aj-haj-murad-ebrahim-signing-comprehensive-agreement-bangsamoro, Erişim Tarihi 12.10.2016.
  • Speech of President Corazon Aquino on the signing of the Organic Act for the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (1989, 1 August). Official Gazette, http://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1989/08/01/speech-of-president-corazon-aquino-on-the-signing-of-the-organic-act-for-the-autonomous-region-in-muslim-mindanao/, Erişim Tarihi 30.8.2017
  • Speech of President Ramos (1996, 2 September). Official Gazette, http://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1996/09/02/speech-of-president-ramos-at-the-signing-of-the-final-peace-agreement-between-the-government-of-the-republic-of-the-philippines-and-the-moro-national-liberation-front/, Erişim Tarihi 30.8.2017.
  • Talks with MILF rebs resume (2000, 17 January). Philstar, http://www.philstar.com:8080/headlines/93567/talks-milf-rebs-resume, Erişim Tarihi 31.8.2017.
  • Taştekin, F. (2012). Barış Nasıl Yapılmaz: Moro’dan Dersler, Radikal, http://www.radikal.com.tr/yazarlar/fehim_tastekin/baris_nasil_yapilmaz_morodan_dersler-1104583, Erişim Tarihi 11.11.2014.
  • Taya, S. L. (2007). The Political Strategies of the Moro Islamic Liberation Front for Self- Determination in the Philippines, Intellectual Discourse, Vol 15, No. 1, ss 59-84.
  • Timberman, D. G. (1991). The Philippines in 1990: On Shaky Ground, Asian Survey, Vol 31, No.2, A Survey of Asia in 1990: Part II, pp.153-163.
  • The Comprehensive Agreement on the Bangsamoro (2014). http://www.gov.ph/2014/03/27/document-cab/, Erişim Tarihi 24.11.2014.
  • The Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines (1987, 2 February). Official Gazette, http://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/1987-constitution/, Erişim Tarihi 29.8.2017.
  • The Final Peace Agreement (1996). Office of the Presidental Adviser on the Peace Process, https://peace.gov.ph/1976/11/final-peace-agreement-implementation-1976-tripoli-agreement-grp-mnlf/, Erişim Tarihi 8.03.2017.
  • The Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro (2012). Office of the Presidental Adviser on the Peace Process, http://www.opapp.gov.ph/resources/framework-agreement-bangsamoro, Erişim Tarihi 10.11.2014.
  • The Indigenous Peoples’ Right (1997). An Act to Recognize, Protect and Promote the Rights Of Indigenous Cultural Communities/Indigenous Peoples, Creating A National Commission On Indigenous Peoples, Establishing Implementing Mechanisms, Appropriating Funds Therefor, and For Other Purposes.
  • The Philippines: Running in Place in Mindanao (2009). International Crisis Group, Policy Briefing, Asia Briefing No 88, Jakarta-Brussels.
  • The Six Paths to Peace (1993). Office of the Presidental Adviser on the Peace Process, https://peace.gov.ph/opapp/executive-order-no-125-s-1993/, Erişim Tarihi 12.10.2016.
  • The Tripoli Agreement (1976). Office of the Presidental Adviser on the Peace Process, https://peace.gov.ph/2016/01/1976-tripoli-agreement/, Erişim Tarihi 12.10.2014.
  • UNDP (2013). http://www.ph.undp.org/content/philippines/en/home/presscenter/pressr eleases/2013/07/29/human-development-index-highlights-inequality-slow-pace-of-progress.html, Erişim Tarihi 09.09.2016.
  • Unson, J. (2009, 6 Ağustos). Misuari Cites Cory’s role in peace process, Philstar, http://www.philstar.com/nation/493053/misuari-cites-corys-role-peace-process, Erişim Tarihi 30.8.2017.
  • Unson, J. (2017, 25 February). New Entity to Replace ARMM Government Urged, Philippine Daily Inquirer, http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2017/02/25/1675645/new-entity-replace-armm-government-urged, Erişim Tarihi 31.8.2017.
  • Villegas, B. M. (1986). The Philippines in 1985: Rolling with the Political Punches, Asian Survey, Vol 26, No.2, A Survey of Asia in 1985: Part II, pp.127-140.
  • Villegas, B. M. (1987). The Philippines in 1986: Democratic Reconstruction in the Post-Marcos Era, Asian Survey, Vol 27, No.2, A Survey of Asia in 1986: Part II, pp.194-205.
  • Youngblood, R. L. (1982). The Philippines in 1981: From “New Society” to “New Republic”, Asian Survey, Vol 22, No.2, A Survey of Asia in 1980: Part II, pp.226-235.
Toplam 68 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Görkem Tanrıverdi Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Kasım 2017
Gönderilme Tarihi 16 Kasım 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Tanrıverdi, G. (2017). FİLİPİNLER BARIŞ SÜRECİNİN TARİHSEL GELİŞİMİ: 1976-2016. Güvenlik Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(2), 53-80. https://doi.org/10.28956/gbd.354133

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