SAHEL İHTİLAFINDA ZOR BARIŞ VE KONTROLSÜZ ALANIN ETKİSİ

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 271 - 288, 13.11.2019

İsrael Nyaburi Nyadera , M. Hamani Massaoud

https://doi.org/10.28956/gbd.646327

Cited By: 7

Öz

Sahel Bölgesi
(Sahra çölünün kuzey bölümündeki yarı kurak bölge), son otuz yıllık süre içinde
şiddetle eş anlamlı hale gelmiştir. Yoksulluk, hızlı nüfus artışı, radikal
aşırıcılık, gıda güvencesinin yokluğu, iklim değişikliği, insan kaçakçılığı,
göç ve kötü yönetim “ihtilaf koridoru” olarak da anılan bölgedeki
istikrarsızlığın nedenlerine dair literatüre egemen olmuştur. Terörle ilişkili
saldırılardaki hızlı artış ve şiddet içeren aşırılık endişe konusu olmuştur.
Küresel Terörizm Endeksi sıralamasına göre, Mali, Nijer ve Çad ve ayrıca
bunlara komşu olan Libya ve Nijerya, terörizmden en fazla etkilenen ilk 30 ülke
arasındadır. Bu makale Sahel krizini, kontrolsüz alan teorisinin merceğinden
incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Makalenin başında, ihtilafın evrimi ve bölgedeki
kontrolsüz alanlar ile sonu gelmez ihtilaf arasındaki ilişki gözden
geçirilecektir. Makalede, yıllarca süren sistematik ötekileştirmenin silahlı
gruplarca istifade edilen küçük çaplı kontrolsüz toprak parçalarını meydana
getirdiği iddia edilmektedir. Makale bulgulara dayanarak, barış ve meşruiyetin
sağlanması için askeri, sosyal ve ekonomik hizmetler ile kapsayıcılığın
orantılı araçlar halinde kullanılması şeklindeki çok boyutlu yaklaşımı
önermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sahel, Kontrolsüz Alan, Terörizm, İhtilaf, Barış İnşası

ELUSIVE PEACE AND THE IMPACT OF UNGOVERNED SPACE IN THE SAHEL CONFLICT

Öz

The Sahel region has become synonymous with violence
over the last three decades. Poverty, rapid population growth, food insecurity,
climate change, human trafficking, migration, and poor governance have
dominated the literature on the causes of instability in a region also referred
to as ‘the corridor of conflict. Of concern has been the rapid increase in
terror-related attacks as well as violent extremism. According to the Global
Terrorism Index ranking, Mali, Niger, and Chad, as well as the neighboring
Libya and Nigeria, are among the top 30 countries affected by terrorism. This
paper seeks to examine the instability in the Sahel through the ungoverned
space theory lenses. It interogates the evolution of the crisis, and the
relationship between the ungoverned spaces in the region and the unending conflict.
It argues that years of systematic marginalization and ineffective
administration have created pockets of ungoverned territories which are being
exploited by armed groups. Based on the findings, this paper recommends a
multidimensional approach that combines military, social and economic reforms, as well as inclusivity in proportional means to
achieve peace and stability in the region

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sahel, Ungoverned Space, Terrorism, Conflict, Peacebuilding

Kaynakça

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